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59-428: Expeed's multi-processor system on a chip solution integrates an image processor in multi-core processor architecture, with each single processor-core able to compute many instructions/operations in parallel . Storage and display interfaces and other modules are added and a digital signal processor (DSP) increases the number of simultaneous computations. An on-chip 32-bit microcontroller initiates and controls

118-927: A multiprocessing system, all CPUs may be equal, or some may be reserved for special purposes. A combination of hardware and operating system software design considerations determine the symmetry (or lack thereof) in a given system. For example, hardware or software considerations may require that only one particular CPU respond to all hardware interrupts, whereas all other work in the system may be distributed equally among CPUs; or execution of kernel-mode code may be restricted to only one particular CPU, whereas user-mode code may be executed in any combination of processors. Multiprocessing systems are often easier to design if such restrictions are imposed, but they tend to be less efficient than systems in which all CPUs are utilized. Systems that treat all CPUs equally are called symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems. In systems where all CPUs are not equal, system resources may be divided in

177-411: A multiprocessor is a computer system having two or more processing units (multiple processors) each sharing main memory and peripherals, in order to simultaneously process programs. A 2009 textbook defined multiprocessor system similarly, but noting that the processors may share "some or all of the system’s memory and I/O facilities"; it also gave tightly coupled system as a synonymous term. At

236-423: A time-sharing system ). Multiprocessing however means true parallel execution of multiple processes using more than one processor. Multiprocessing doesn't necessarily mean that a single process or task uses more than one processor simultaneously; the term parallel processing is generally used to denote that scenario. Other authors prefer to refer to the operating system techniques as multiprogramming and reserve

295-827: A 6 frames per second 'shooting' mode. The MB-D10 is also compatible with the D700 but not the D200. On January 15, 2008, Nikon released three additional picture control modes for the D300 which emulate the D2X/D2XS color modes I, II and III. On February 14, 2008, Nikon released a firmware upgrade which resolves an issue where vertical banding can occur when long exposure noise reduction is enabled for shutter speeds of 8 seconds and slower. For several years there have been third-party firmware patches available for this and other Nikon Cameras. Some have added features while others have attempted to correct defects in

354-551: A blackout-free viewing experience. As input/output (I/O) processor Nikon uses external 32-bit microcontrollers to connect additional sensors and displays : Viewfinder , top- display , flash ( Speedlight )/ hot shoe , shutter / aperture motors , metering / autofocus sensors and lens / battery grip / battery control. Used variants are the Fujitsu FR in the Expeed EI-14x series, which changed to MIPS architecture in

413-656: A different architecture. Or the Nikon D200 processor (EI-126) uses the same, but greatly expanded firmware as the D80 (unofficial "Expeed"). The Expeed processor variant EI-137 is found in the Nikon D40, Nikon D40x and Nikon D80 – as it is officially in the later-released Nikon D60 and Nikon D3000. First used in the Nikon D3 and Nikon D300 in 2007, the Expeed was used later in

472-595: A dual-core ARM microcontroller are the main improvements. Its high speed allows the world's fastest speed (Nikon claim) of 60 frames per second (10 fps with full autofocus ). The Expeed 3A , a successor to the Expeed 3 EI-160 used in the Nikon 1 series, was first released in the Nikon 1 V2 and mainly features an increased world record image-processing speed of up to 850 megapixels per second. This enables 60 frames per second (15 fps with full autofocus ) speed even with

531-448: A group of programmers called "Nikon Hacker" develops custom firmware , making recent progress including an FR emulator for some DSLRs. It was shown that Nikon uses the Softune integrated development environment together with an μITRON realtime kernel . Currently there is some modified firmware available mainly removing time based video and uncompressed NEF files restrictions, but there

590-466: A high speed communication system ( Gigabit Ethernet is common). A Linux Beowulf cluster is an example of a loosely coupled system. Tightly coupled systems perform better and are physically smaller than loosely coupled systems, but have historically required greater initial investments and may depreciate rapidly; nodes in a loosely coupled system are usually inexpensive commodity computers and can be recycled as independent machines upon retirement from

649-532: A master/slave multiprocessor system of microprocessors is the Tandy/Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 16 desktop computer which came out in February 1982 and ran the multi-user/multi-tasking Xenix operating system, Microsoft's version of UNIX (called TRS-XENIX). The Model 16 has two microprocessors: an 8-bit Zilog Z80 CPU running at 4 MHz, and a 16-bit Motorola 68000 CPU running at 6 MHz. When

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708-474: A number of ways, including asymmetric multiprocessing (ASMP), non-uniform memory access (NUMA) multiprocessing, and clustered multiprocessing. In a master/slave multiprocessor system, the master CPU is in control of the computer and the slave CPU(s) performs assigned tasks. The CPUs can be completely different in terms of speed and architecture. Some (or all) of the CPUs can share a common bus, each can also have

767-528: A private bus (for private resources), or they may be isolated except for a common communications pathway. Likewise, the CPUs can share common RAM and/or have private RAM that the other processor(s) cannot access. The roles of master and slave can change from one CPU to another. Two early examples of a mainframe master/slave multiprocessor are the Bull Gamma 60 and the Burroughs B5000 . An early example of

826-409: A similar compression called "IPB". Also introduced was "All-I", which uses the simpler I‑frames (coded pictures) without processing any differences between them, but using a low compression (high data rate) and behaves also in other uses like image extraction quite similar to Motion JPEG formerly used by Nikon. The Expeed 3 (FR) (variants EI-158 and EI-175) offers no significant change, but introduced

885-509: Is activated. The Expeed EI-15x are controlled by an integrated FR-80/FR-81 core. Power consumption is also decreased by the Socionext 65 nm process. The Nikon D3s processor – although named Expeed 2 – uses nearly the same EI-142 processor as the previous D3/D3X featuring for example only 720p Motion JPEG video. It offers the same image sensor interface with identical speed and A/D converter accuracy, limiting

944-476: Is also the first Expeed using digital image sensor readout – no analog image sensor interface is needed. In the Nikon 1 cameras introduced September 2011 it uses 1 GB fast DDR2 RAM packaged in 2x 4 Gbit chips. Nikon marked EI-160, manufactured in the Socionext 65 nm process. High-speed dual multi-core image-processing engines with world record (Nikon claim) 600 megapixels per second speed, enhanced H.264 HD video engine and controlled by

1003-574: Is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) built by Socionext specifically for Nikon designs according to Nikon specifications. The Nikon Expeed is based on the Socionext Milbeaut imaging processors with 16-bit per pixel multi-core FR-V processor architecture, using a highly parallel pipelined architecture which allows efficient hardware use, increasing throughput and reducing power consumption. Each core uses an eight-way 256-bit very long instruction word (VLIW, MIMD ) and

1062-448: Is available which allows for an EN-EL4 or EN-EL4a battery to be installed instead. The camera can be configured to assign priority to either the internal EN-EL3e battery or the MB-D10 grip such that the other battery is used only when the primary battery is dead. The D300 can shoot 8 frames per second with the MB-D10 & AA/EN-EL4/EN-EL4a battery installed, otherwise the camera is limited to

1121-543: Is close to the Expeed 2 variant EI-154 with some improvements like DDR3 memory, and with increased computing power. The D5200 uses a package on package with a 4  Gbit DDR3 SDRAM on top. In the Nikon 1 series September 2011 Nikon introduced a new largely changed architecture – the main control unit it uses an ARM microcontroller which requires new firmware compared to the totally different Fujitsu FR microcontroller used in all former Milbeaut and Expeed processors. It

1180-514: Is highly increased. Marked EI-158, this variant is used by the Nikon D4 and Nikon D800 . The EI-158 was the first Expeed to offer uncompressed video output (8bit 4:2:2) over HDMI. The Nikon D600 (teardown), Nikon D3200 and Nikon D5200 (teardown) use an Expeed 3 (EI-175, differently marked ML-1131 on D5200), which is, according to Nikon, the same as used for the D4 and D800 series. Its architecture

1239-555: Is no stable alternative firmware available, as the project is still in an early state. The Nikon supplied firmware-updates normally include the firmware A for the I/O processor and the firmware B to control Expeeds by integrated FR microcontrollers (different for the ARM-based Expeed 3 ). Besides a general analysis of the hardware and software of the D7000, D5100 and D3100 and newer cameras,

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1298-441: Is organized in a four-unit superscalar pipelined architecture ( Integer (ALU) -, Floating-point - and two media-processor-units) giving a peak performance of up to 28 instructions per clock cycle and core. Due to the used four-way single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) vector processor units, data is processed with up to 112 data operations per cycle and core. An on-chip 32-bit Fujitsu FR RISC microcontroller core

1357-532: Is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system . The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor or the ability to allocate tasks between them. There are many variations on this basic theme, and the definition of multiprocessing can vary with context, mostly as a function of how CPUs are defined ( multiple cores on one die , multiple dies in one package , multiple packages in one system unit , etc.). According to some on-line dictionaries,

1416-701: Is used in the Nikon 1 V3 , Nikon 1 J4 and Nikon 1 S2 . Nikon announced EXPEED 5 processor engine in their new DX and FX cameras Nikon D500 and Nikon D5 at CES 2016, (Las Vegas, January 5, 2016) and also used in the Nikon D7500 and D850 . The EXPEED 5A image-processing engine is first seen in the Nikon 1 J5 , which was announced April 2, 2015. In the Nikon 1 J5 it is capable of 4k Ultra HD (3840*2160) at 15 fps, Full-HD (1920*1080) at 60 fps, HD (1280*720) at 120 fps, 800 x 296 at 400 fps and 400 x 144 at 1200 fps. It can handle 20MP burst photos at 20 fps with autofocus at each frame, and even 60 fps with autofocus fixed at

1475-478: Is used to initiate and control all processors, modules and interfaces. The Expeed versions designated EI-14x and the Expeed 2 and 3 additionally include a HD video codec engine (FR-V based) and a 16-bit DSP with separate on-chip 4-block Harvard RAM which is usable for example for additional image- and audio-processing . The Expeed 3 (FR) (EI-158/175) is based on an improved Expeed 2 EI-154 with greatly increased processing speed. A new architecture in

1534-486: The Expeed EI-15x and EI-17x series. The professional series uses two or more Hitachi / Renesas H8SX controllers. Former DSLRs used H8S microcontrollers. The ARM-based Expeed in the Nikon 1 series with its dual ARM core needs no additional I/O processors. The Nikon 1 series also includes an Epson graphic processor . As with CHDK or Magic Lantern modified Canon digital cameras based on DIGIC processors,

1593-449: The Expeed 2 offers video compression also based on complex B-frames ( bi-directional differencing between frames and motion prediction ), which has the advantage of higher quality (lower motion blur based on better motion compensation ) even with significant higher compression ratio . This compression requires considerably higher computing power. In 2012 the Canon 5D Mark III introduced

1652-592: The Expeed 3 (ARM) offers a highly increased speed in its image processor (with even two pipelines on the EI-160), its H.264 video encoder and is controlled by a dual-core ARM architecture microcontroller replacing the Fujitsu FR. CMOS / CCD image sensors are connected with additional external ICs , Nikon drivers, with the exception of the Nikon D3100 . This is done by a mixed analog / digital interface which controls

1711-629: The Nikon 1 series , connects a data stream with 24 digital channels (bus) , using A/D converters integrated on the image sensor chip. The first variant, EI-14x originally included a video encoder capable of processing VGA resolution with 30 frames per second and MPEG-4 encoding. The software based video processor realized with FR-V processors enabled a reprogramming: By using Motion JPEG encoding with 24p frame rate, Nikon achieved 720p HD video resolution. The advantages are easy JPEG image extraction, no motion compensation artifacts and low processing power enabling higher resolution, and

1770-607: The Nikon D3 FX format camera. The D300 was discontinued by Nikon on September 11, 2009, being replaced by the modified Nikon D300S , which was released July 30, 2009. The D300S remained the premier Nikon DX camera until the D7100 was released in early 2013. The D300 was designated by Nikon as the ultimate in DX format performance. It is quite similar to the D700 , with the main difference being that

1829-603: The Nikon D3X , Nikon D700 and Nikon D300s , marked EI-142, and the consumer line variant with reduced processor cores in the Nikon D90 and Nikon D5000 , marked EI-149. It is based on a Socionext Milbeaut imaging-processor with 720p Motion JPEG video encoder, DSP and FR-80 (EI-14x versions) core. It uses a 90 nanometer process technology . The EI-137 variant in the Nikon D60 and Nikon D3000  – additionally found in

Expeed - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-482: The Nikon D40 , Nikon D40x and Nikon D80  – is based on the older Milbeaut M-3 in 180 nanometer technology (like all former Expeed/Milbeaut since 2001). It includes a FR-71 core with only 12-bit, two-channel image sensor readout, no DSP, slower memory and has a reduced feature set. 1080p H.264/MPEG-4 HD video encoder, improved face detection , image noise reduction and image distortion correction are

1947-466: The Nikon Z 50II , Nikon Z 6III , Nikon Z 8 , Nikon Z 9 , and Nikon Z f mirrorless cameras. Expeed 7 has 10 times the image processing speed of its predecessor and is powerful enough for the camera to omit a dedicated autofocus engine. It can handle complex AF and AE calculations at 120 cycles per second, separately processes dual-streamed data from stacked image sensors, and enables features like 120 fps still shooting, internal 8k RAW video recording and

2006-425: The operating system level, multiprocessing is sometimes used to refer to the execution of multiple concurrent processes in a system, with each process running on a separate CPU or core, as opposed to a single process at any one instant. When used with this definition, multiprocessing is sometimes contrasted with multitasking , which may use just a single processor but switch it in time slices between tasks (i.e.

2065-461: The 68000 CPU. The Z-80 can be used to do other tasks. The earlier TRS-80 Model II , which was released in 1979, could also be considered a multiprocessor system as it had both a Z-80 CPU and an Intel 8021 microcontroller in the keyboard. The 8021 made the Model II the first desktop computer system with a separate detachable lightweight keyboard connected with by a single thin flexible wire, and likely

2124-544: The D300 uses a DX sensor instead of an FX sensor. It offers both high resolution and high speed (being able to capture 6 frames per second, and 8 frames per second with the addition of an optional MB-D10 battery pack). The D300 has not only a built-in autofocus motor for all Nikon autofocus- lenses , but includes CPU and metering for older Nikon F-mount AI/AI-S lenses and the new generation perspective control lenses ( PC-E ). The built-in intervalometer (timer) can be used for time-lapse low-light movies. The Nikon D300

2183-681: The D3s dynamic range at 200 and especially 100 ISOs lower as the D7000/D5100. Variant used in some Coolpix compact cameras. Cheaper Nikon compact cameras use Sanyo or Zoran Coach image/video processors; both with a completely different technology and different firmware compared to the Expeed . Compared to the previous Expeed 1 (EI-142), it offers the same improvements as the Expeed 2 EI-154 with Socionext 65 nm process, including increased A/D converter accuracy and image sensor analog signal readout clock rate, reducing rolling shutter. Computing power

2242-463: The Milbeaut ( Expeed ) is used in different Nikon designs and by other manufacturers, the software/ firmware specifies many of its functions and details and the number of processors or included modules may vary in this ASIC . DSLRs announced before August 2006 do not contain processors named Expeed (for example Nikon D70 /D70s processor: EI-118), although that does not mean that these processors use

2301-656: The Xeon processors via a common pipe and the Opteron processors via independent pathways to the system RAM . Chip multiprocessors, also known as multi-core computing, involves more than one processor placed on a single chip and can be thought of the most extreme form of tightly coupled multiprocessing. Mainframe systems with multiple processors are often tightly coupled. Loosely coupled multiprocessor systems (often referred to as clusters ) are based on multiple standalone relatively low processor count commodity computers interconnected via

2360-514: The ability to run different operating systems or OS versions on different systems. Merging data from multiple threads or processes may incur significant overhead due to conflict resolution , data consistency , versioning, and synchronization. Nikon D300 ‹The template Manual is being considered for merging .›   The Nikon D300 is a 12.3-megapixel semi-professional DX format digital single-lens reflex camera that Nikon Corporation announced on 23 August 2007 along with

2419-511: The bus level. These CPUs may have access to a central shared memory (SMP or UMA ), or may participate in a memory hierarchy with both local and shared memory (SM)( NUMA ). The IBM p690 Regatta is an example of a high end SMP system. Intel Xeon processors dominated the multiprocessor market for business PCs and were the only major x86 option until the release of AMD 's Opteron range of processors in 2004. Both ranges of processors had their own onboard cache but provided access to shared memory;

Expeed - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-455: The camera, and noted at that time that Nikon Capture NX software was packaged with the camera; more recent packages include a 30-day trial version. The MB-D10 is an optional accessory battery pack that provides a vertical grip as well as additional shutter release and autofocus buttons, command dials and focus point selection control. The MB-D10 allows the D300 to be powered by an additional EN-EL3e battery or AA batteries. An optional carrier

2537-451: The cluster. Power consumption is also a consideration. Tightly coupled systems tend to be much more energy-efficient than clusters. This is because a considerable reduction in power consumption can be realized by designing components to work together from the beginning in tightly coupled systems, whereas loosely coupled systems use components that were not necessarily intended specifically for use in such systems. Loosely coupled systems have

2596-545: The disadvantage is a larger file size, nearly reaching the 2 GB limit (for full compatibility) in 5 minutes. The Nikon D90 was the first DSLR with video recording capabilities. The Expeed 2 (variant EI-154) greatly expanded the capabilities by its 1080p H.264/MPEG-4 AVC HD video encoder. It also offers an increased image sensor analog signal readout clock rate, reducing rolling shutter . Compared to competitors from Canon ( DIGIC , "IPP" compression – MPEG-2 equivalent : Only one previous frame analyzed)

2655-469: The features of the Expeed 3 (FR) and older versions of Expeed, plus it consumes less power. The Nikon D4S 's processor is identical to the Nikon D4, marked EI-158, using its processing power with improved software enabling 1080p video capture at 50/60fps, 11 fps photos with improved autofocus, new noise reduction with image-content variable algorithm (context-adaptive) and other improvements. Version 4A

2714-464: The first DSLRs to offer uncompressed video output (8bit 4:2:2) over HDMI : Nikon D4 , Nikon D800 / D800E , Nikon D600 , Nikon D7100 and Nikon D5200 . The Expeed 3 (ARM) introduced high-speed video ( slow-motion ) in its enhanced H.264 HD video engine. Socionext specifies each Milbeaut generation with different numbers of processors. Nikon gives no details, but uses different designated processors in its professional and consumer lines. Although

2773-444: The first frame, but note that the buffer size is yet unknown and probably very small. Nikon announced the Expeed 6 processor engine on 23 August 2018. It appears in their Nikon Z 7 , Nikon Z 6 , Nikon Z 5 , Nikon Z 50 , Nikon Z 30 , Nikon Z fc , Nikon D780 and Nikon D6 cameras. The Nikon Z 6II and Nikon Z 7II each have two Expeed 6 processors. Nikon announced the Expeed 7 processor engine on 28 October 2021. It appears in

2832-741: The first keyboard to use a dedicated microcontroller, both attributes that would later be copied years later by Apple and IBM. In multiprocessing, the processors can be used to execute a single sequence of instructions in multiple contexts ( single instruction, multiple data or SIMD, often used in vector processing ), multiple sequences of instructions in a single context ( multiple instruction, single data or MISD, used for redundancy in fail-safe systems and sometimes applied to describe pipelined processors or hyper-threading ), or multiple sequences of instructions in multiple contexts ( multiple instruction, multiple data or MIMD). Tightly coupled multiprocessor systems contain multiple CPUs that are connected at

2891-586: The four channels in the previous Nikon D2X / D2Xs, Nikon D200 or the Canon EOS 5D Mark II . six-channel readout is supported by the EI-149 and EI-154 used on the D90, D5000, D7000 and D5100. The D3100 uses an Analog Devices sensor interface with integrated analog-to-digital converters. The result is a dynamic range only at the level of competitors like the (higher priced) Canon EOS 600D ; lower than other Nikon DSLRs with

2950-491: The main improved features compared to EI-14x Expeeds . Used in the Nikon D7000 , Nikon D3100 and Nikon D5100 and Nikon marked EI-154. Although image sensor readout clock frequency has increased by a factor of 1.75, A/D converter accuracy is improved, especially when using 14-bit. Image processor performance is increased, performing a higher continuous shooting frame rate even when high ISO noise reduction or Active D-Lighting

3009-501: The new 14 megapixel image sensor. It is developed exclusively for Nikon 1 cameras. Expeed 4 uses a processor with ARM central controller , and is used in the Nikon D810 , Nikon D750 , Nikon D5300 , Nikon D5500 , Nikon D5600 , Nikon D3300 , Nikon D3400 , Nikon D3500 and Nikon D7200 . It offers full HD (1080p) video capture at 50/60 fps with improved contrast detection autofocus and live preview autofocus. It includes all of

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3068-444: The operation and data transfers of all processors, modules and interfaces and can be seen as the main control unit of the camera. In each generation Nikon uses different versions for its professional and consumer DSLRs / MILCs , whereas its compact cameras use totally different architectures. This is different from for example Canons DIGIC : its professional DSLRs double the processors of its consumer DSLR series. The Expeed

3127-614: The original firmware. Although the D7000 was released in 2011 D300S production continued in parallel until the release of the D500 in 2016. In February Nikon announced that the D7100 would replace the D300s as their flagship DX format camera; this would later be replaced in 2016 by the D500 . The D7100 features the same Multi-CAM D3500 DX module as the D300s. However, the controls of the D7000 series departed from

3186-1546: The project focuses on: The changelog shows firmware also for newer variants like D800, D610, D5200 and D3200. This was not a firmware hack, but a method (Photopc – digital camera control) calling an already implemented diagnostic mode on some old Nikon Coolpix cameras with Fujitsu Sparclite processors. Using this mode, they could write raw images . Nikon Z cameras >> PROCESSOR : Pre-EXPEED | EXPEED | EXPEED 2 | EXPEED 3 | EXPEED 4 | EXPEED 5 | EXPEED 6 VIDEO: HD video / Video AF / Uncompressed / 4k video   ⋅   SCREEN: Articulating , Touchscreen   ⋅   BODY FEATURE: Weather Sealed Without full AF-P lens support   ⋅   Without AF-P and without E-type lens support   ⋅   Without an AF motor (needs lenses with integrated motor , except D50 ) << Nikon DSLR cameras << Nikon 1 cameras PROCESSOR : EXPEED 6 | Dual EXPEED 6 | EXPEED 7 VIDEO: Slow-motion video , 4K video , 6K video , 8K video SCREEN: Articulating , Touchscreen BODY FEATURE: In-Body Image Stabilization , Weather Sealed Nikon Z cameras >> PROCESSOR : EXPEED 3 | EXPEED 4 | EXPEED 5 VIDEO: HD video / Video AF / Uncompressed / 4k video   ⋅   SCREEN: Articulating , Touchscreen   ⋅   BODY FEATURE: In-Body Image Stabilization , Weather Sealed Multiprocessor Multiprocessing

3245-484: The same Expeed 2 variant. The Expeed EI-15x and EI-17x A/D converters allow an increased image sensor readout clock frequency with improved A/D converter accuracy, especially when using 14-bit sampling. Expeed A/D converters used for EI-149 or all EI-142 need considerably reduced clock rates (1.8 fps on Nikon D3X) for higher accuracy, limiting for example the D3s dynamic range at low ISOs. The Expeed 3 (ARM) , first used in

3304-470: The sensor digitally, but receives analog signals with parallel 14- bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converters . The Expeed variants EI-142 and EI-158 use Nikon ASICs to connect all full-frame (FX) digital SLR sensors and additionally the Nikon D300 / D300s with 12 simultaneous, parallel analog signal readout channels. Mainly due to a larger settling time it allows improved conversion accuracy compared to

3363-494: The system is booted, the Z-80 is the master and the Xenix boot process initializes the slave 68000, and then transfers control to the 68000, whereupon the CPUs change roles and the Z-80 becomes a slave processor responsible for all I/O operations including disk, communications, printer and network, as well as the keyboard and integrated monitor, while the operating system and applications run on

3422-489: The term multiprocessing for the hardware aspect of having more than one processor. The remainder of this article discusses multiprocessing only in this hardware sense. In Flynn's taxonomy , multiprocessors as defined above are MIMD machines. As the term "multiprocessor" normally refers to tightly coupled systems in which all processors share memory, multiprocessors are not the entire class of MIMD machines, which also contains message passing multicomputer systems. In

3481-592: Was announced on August 23, 2007. Shutterbug Magazine, and the UK magazine, "What Digital Camera" presented initial 'First Look' reviews. Imaging Resource and Photocrati also did their own initial reviews. DCR and Camera Labs have full reviews of the D300. Digital Review Canada compares it to the older Nikon D200. Popular Photography named the Nikon D300 for their official "Camera of the Year 2007" award. The magazine also reviewed

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