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34-687: Nikaj tribal territory is positioned north of the Drin river, in the District of Tropoja , Northern Albania , particularly within the ethnographic Highlands of Gjakova . Nikaj tribal territory borders the Krasniqi tribe to the north and the east, the Mërturi to the south and the Shala to the west. Their main settlements include Lekbibaj, Peraj, Curraj i Poshtëm, Curraj i Epërm, Gjonpepaj, Qereç-Mulaj and Shëngjergj. Nikaj-Mërtur

68-513: A primarily Catholic tribe, and their patron saint is Saint Sebastian ( Shën Mastjan/Shën Mashjan/Shmashjan ). His feast day, known as Nata e Shmashjanit (Night of Saint Sebastian) or Shmashjani i Nikajve (Saint Sebastian of the Nikaj), is observed on 19-20 January. The local parish of Nikaj dates from 1827 but the church and parsonage burned down in 1867. The Franciscans then built a new church. Some Catholic Nikaj tribespeople had Muslim names, and it

102-519: A story based on the lyrics, usually accompanied by singing, while beating a drum . Other accompanying musical instruments are sanxian , sihu , pipa and yangqin . The art form was very popular during the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty , and therefore extant guci are very important in studying Chinese fiction from those period. This theatre -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Chinese music article

136-673: A vast array of flora and fauna . In addition, it has been recognized as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in Europe. The Drin Delta is classified as an Important Bird Area of international importance by designation under the BirdLife International Convention. The name of the river is recorded in Ancient Greek as Drilon (Δρίλων) and in Latin as Drinus . The name

170-662: Is a valley trespassed by two rivers: Lumi i Nikajve (English: "Nikaj River") and Lumi i Mërturit (English: "Mërturi River"). The Nikaj River starts in Ndërmanjë valley as Lumi i Zi (English: "Black river"), passes through the Kapiti, Gjonpepaj, and Lekbibaj villages and joins the Mërtur River south-west of Curraj i Poshtëm village. The Mërturi River itself starts in Curraj i Epërm, passes along Mali i Theposur (English: "Sharp mountain") between

204-551: Is considered to be of Illyrian origin. The form Drin- has been evidenced by Pliny the Elder ( fl. 1st century AD) and is most likely primary. The ancient name Drinus has undergone sound changes reaching the current Albanian form Drin through the evolution of Albanian sound changes . The Macedonian name of the river is Дрим, Drim . Homonym rivers are Drino between southern Albania and northwestern Greece , and Drina between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia . After

238-689: The Albanian Alps and Dukagjin Highlands , where three successive dams were erected between 1960s and late 1980s, forming 3 large artificial lakes. The Drin then passes Vau i Dejës and drains into the Adriatic Sea through its two distributaries in Buna river and west of Lezhë . Located in the Balkan Peninsula at the crossroad of Europe and Asia , the river basin's varied climate and topography have shaped

272-630: The Black Drin and two distributaries – one discharging into the Adriatic Sea , in the Gulf of Drin and the other into the Bojana River . Its catchment area extends across Albania , Kosovo , Serbia , Greece , Montenegro and North Macedonia and is home to more than 1.6 million people. The river and its tributaries form the Gulf of Drin , an ocean basin that encompasses the northern Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast . At 285 kilometres (177 miles) long,

306-497: The Diocese of Pult , and again in 1703. In 1860-1870, the tribe consisted of 240 households and 2,360 inhabitants. In 1881, the Nikaj tribe consisted of 8 villages with 110 household and 1,800 inhabitants, whereas in 1897-1898 they would once again be recorded with 280 households. In 1903, the Nikaj were attributed 24 villages with 2,445 inhabitants. An Austro-Hungarian census in 1918 recorded

340-582: The Enchele . The tribal territory of the Taulantii and of the Labeatae was most likely located near the river. Guci In Chinese culture , Guci ( simplified Chinese : 鼓词 ; traditional Chinese : 鼓詞 ; pinyin : Gǔcí ; lit. 'drum lyrics') are the prosimetric lyrics of dagu , one musical entertainment form in the shuochang or "speak and sing" genre. The performers narrate

374-669: The Gulf of Drin into the Adriatic Sea southwest of Lezhë , forming the Mouth of Drin. The other empties into the Bojana River near the Rozafa Castle . The Black Drin flows out from the Lake Ohrid near Struga through western North Macedonia and then eastern Albania. The White Drin originates from the Žljeb mountain, north of the town of Peja in the Metohija region of Kosovo , and flows from there through to Albania. The basin encompasses

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408-496: The Krasniqi through shared origin and therefore consider each other to be brothers. They are also extremely close with the Mërturi tribe, so much so that they are commonly grouped together as Nikaj-Mërturi. Folkloric legends also claimed the Nikaj tribe to be related with other Albanian tribes such as the Hoti and the Vasaj , but this has not been genetically proven. The hereditary enemies of

442-534: The Tanzimat Reforms in the Highlands of Gjakova. Under the leadership of Mic Sokoli and Binak Alia , the tribes of Krasniqi , Gashi , Bytyçi and Mërturi alongside the Nikaj organized a resistance near Bujan . The rebels were reinforced by the forces of Shala , led by Mark Lula. After heavy fighting, they managed to defeat the Ottoman force and expel them from the highlands. The Nikaj are directly related to

476-609: The Black Drin. The artificial Lake Fierza created by the dam at Fierzë is the largest artificial lake in Albania with its surface of 73 km . The second largest artificial lake is also built on this river. Vau i Dejës lake has an area of 25 km . Construction of the Fierza power station caused some controversy in the 1980s. Without reaching any agreement, the Albanian government ordered

510-653: The Drin is the longest river of Albania and its tributaries cross through both Kosovo and North Macedonia. Its northern tributary, the White Drin starts from the foothills of Žljeb , at White Drin Waterfall in west Kosovo, and flows generally south, whereas its southern tributary, the Black Drin originates from Ohrid lake in the town of Struga , North Macedonia and flows north. Both tributaries' confluence occurs near Kukës in northeast Albania and Drin then flows westwards through

544-492: The Mavriqi when the Curraj branch extended into Curraj i Epërm, but some families would remain behind and become assimilated. The settlement of Kapit is associated with these older populations, and so some of the families of Kapit are therefore anas . In 1870, the Ottoman government official within the region was killed, and no further Ottoman government officials dared to set foot in the region. Documents in 1890 and 1894 indicate that

578-489: The Nikaj as a tribe of 289 households and 1,652 inhabitants. Upon their arrival to their current region, the Nikaj - and in particular the Curraj - were said to have replaced the Mavriqi, a population that originally hailed from Vajush near Shkodër and settled in what constitutes current Nikaj territory at around 1416-1500. Most of the older populations would eventually emigrate to Guci in Montenegro or were expelled such as

612-462: The Nikaj consisted of a black hand on a white background. During the first half of the 20th century, the Nikaj consisted of a voyvoda , a bajraktar and three tribal elders - the voyvoda was the main leading figure of the tribe and resided in Lekbibaj, whereas the bajraktar was a military chief in times of war and conflict. Sokol Delia, the last bajraktar of the Nikaj who died in 1945, was buried with

646-506: The Nikaj functioned as an autonomous tribe, and they were a bajrak (military administrative unit) since at least 1881. Traditionally, the Nikaj formed a common bajrak with the Krasniqi tribe for defensive purposes, but after the Battle of Cernica, in which the Nikaj tribesmen managed to capture a banner from their enemy, they earned their right declare themselves as a bajrak on their own. The banner of

680-467: The Nikaj territory was, and how the Nikaj themselves were the most pugnacious and taciturn of all the Albanian mountain tribes. The Nikaj tribe was known for being so warlike among other Albanian tribes that they were feared by them, and they also had a reputation of not following the tribal law of Lek Dukagjin or their tribal elders. In 1862, the Ottomans sent Maxharr Pasha with 12 divisions to implement

714-551: The Nikaj were the Shala tribe, with which they had constant armed conflict, skirmishes and blood feuds. They were deeply embittered with each other and would constantly fight with one another; the Krasniqi tribe would aid the Nikaj tribe against the Shala tribe, which was in turn aided by the Shoshi tribe. Subsequently, the Nikaj would aid the Krasniqi tribe against the Gashi tribe. The Nikaj are

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748-462: The Paplekaj settlement, while Lekë's grandson, Nikë Preni, founded the settlement of Nikprenaj. The inhabitants of Curraj believe themselves to be descended from Mark Bibaj and his two sons, Nikë and Pre. Lauka et al. (2022) tested Nikaj and Krasniqi men to test the correlation of oral traditions with genetic data. The Nikaj and Krasniqi men have the same patrilineal ancestor. As such, they both belong to

782-480: The area of Paplekaj i Epërm, which houses the ruins of an old church and graveyard. Nikë Mekshi was the brother of Kolë Mekshi, the ancestral father of the Kolmekshaj branch of the Krasniqi tribe, and so the Nikaj do not intermarry with the Krasniqi as they are directly related. Nikë Mekshi's son, Bibë Nikaj, had three sons - Lekë Bibaj, Mark/Mar Bibaj (also called Curr) and Kolë Bibaj. Lekë Bibaj's son, Pap Lekaj, founded

816-615: The banner of the Nikaj. The Nikaj, along with the Mërturi tribe, were renowned for their banditry, and the Nikaj were known as one of the wildest tribes alongside the Dushmani . In 1904, Austro-Hungarian explorer Karl Steinmetz described the Nikaj-Mërturi as notorious horse and cattle thieves. He also recorded the harsh and warlike lifestyle of the Nikaj tribe, as well as their great cultural hospitality; all men were said to carry rifles and cartridges, even if they lacked shirts and clothing, and

850-475: The confluence of its two tributaries, near the town of Kukës in the northeast Albania , Drin flows west, passing through the Albanian Alps and Fierzë then upon reaching the Dukagjini highlands , flowing then to the south through Apripë e Gurit, Toplanë, Dushman, Koman , Vjerdhë Mazrrek, Rragam, and Pale Lalej. At Vau i Dejës , it enters the low Shkodër Field and splits into two distributaries. One empties into

884-475: The infertile region meant that the Nikaj struggled to get by from simply herding and farming. In 1902, 13 Nikaj men died, 10 of which died from shootings. Edith Durham wrote that the tribe was "wild" and poor, and that the tribesmen did not even obey their own council of elders, but that they were very hospitable. Baron Nopcsa wrote very favourably about the extreme hospitality of the Nikaj families. Nonetheless, travellers would consistently write about how sterile

918-506: The largest hydroelectric power station group in the Balkans regarding the installed capacity and reservoir capacity. The Drin is extremely important for the Albanian economy, especially for its electrical production. The three largest hydropower facilities produce 70.6% of Albania's electricity (approx. 1400MW of total installed capacity). North Macedonia has built two hydropower plants – Globocica (42 MW) and Spilje Hydro Power Plant (84 MW) on

952-452: The men carried J-L283. The Nikaj and Krasniqi lineages diverge after 1500 CE which is consistent with their origin story from the two brothers Kolë and Nikë Mekshi. The Margegaj belong to the Krasniqi lineage which confirms the oral tradition which considers them descendants of Kolë Mekshi. The Krasniqi and the Nikaj share the same progenitor with a man from Gashi from Luzhë, Tropojë ca. 1200 CE. Their connection indicates that their lineage

986-422: The reservoir to be filled with water, which flooded some border areas of Kosovo , then part of Yugoslavia . The Yugoslav government protested, but no solution was agreed on. Thus, today, Lake Fierza is shared by Albania and Kosovo. The ancient name of the river was Drilon . The valley of the river was inhabited by several Illyrian peoples . It was probably dominated at some point and to some extent by

1020-567: The same branch haplogroup J2b-M241>L283. J-L283 is a Paleo-Balkan lineage which has been found in samples throughout the region from coastal Dalmatia ( Bronze Age ) to eastern Dardania (Roman era) as well as in Iron Age Daunians (Italy). It represents 14-18% of Albanian lineages. The oldest J-L283 sample in northern Albania is found in MBA Shkrel as early as the 19th century BCE. In northern Albania, IA Çinamak ( Kukës County ), half of

1054-532: The transboundary subbasins of Lake Shkodër (largest lake in Southern Europe), Lake Ohrid (one of the most ancient lakes in the World), Lake Prespa and Small Prespa Lake and also the tributaries, namely Black Drin , White Drin and Bojana River . All these subbasins and tributaries are home to numerous species of mammals , vascular plants , insects , amphibians , fish and birds . Drin river contains

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1088-602: The villages Shëngjergj and Curraj i Poshtëm, and, after joining the Nikaj River, continues through the villages of Rajë and Tetaj, with the Drin River being its final destination. Both rivers are relatively short. The ancestral father of the Nikaj was a herdsman of the Krasniqi tribe by the name of Nikë Mekshi. Nikë left the Krasniqi region prior to the Islamisation of the Krasniqi tribe between roughly 1550-1600, and settled in

1122-515: Was not uncommon for both Muslims and Catholics to be part of the same family within the Nikaj tribe. Drin (river) The Drin ( / d r iː n / ; Albanian : Drin [dɾin] or Drini [ˈdɾini] ; Macedonian : Дрим , romanized :  Drim [drim] ) is a river in Southeastern Europe with two major tributaries – the White Drin and

1156-522: Was present in its present location (Tropojë) in the Middle Ages. The Krasniqi share no close patrilineal relation with all other fis which their traditions connect them with. This highlights that oral traditions don't necessarily reflect "real" kinship relations, but are complex social constructs which are influenced by many different factors. The Nikaj were first recorded as the Nicagni in 1671 as members of

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