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23-635: The Nighthawk–Chopaka Border Crossing connects the town of Loomis, Washington and Cawston, British Columbia on the Canada–United States border . Similkameen Road on the American side joins Nighthawk Road on the Canadian side. In April 1907, the rail head of the VV&;E , a Great Northern Railway subsidiary, advanced westward across the border. A modest train service operated over the following decades. When

46-458: A tropical savanna climate or a humid subtropical climate . These climates tend to have hot, or sometimes extremely hot, summers and warm to cool winters, with some to minimal precipitation. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found around the fringes of subtropical deserts. Hot semi-arid climates are most commonly found in Africa , Australia , and South Asia . In Australia, a large portion of

69-434: A location has a semi-arid climate, the precipitation threshold must first be determined. The method used to find the precipitation threshold (in millimeters): If the area's annual precipitation in millimeters is less than the threshold but more than half or 50% the threshold, it is classified as a BS (steppe, semi-desert, or semi-arid climate). Furthermore, to delineate hot semi-arid climates from cold semi-arid climates,

92-409: A mean annual temperature of 18 °C (64.4 °F) is used as an isotherm. A location with a BS -type climate is classified as hot semi-arid ( BSh ) if its mean temperature is above this isotherm, and cold semi-arid ( BSk ) if not. Hot semi-arid climates (type "BSh") tend to be located from the high teens to mid-30s latitudes of the tropics and subtropics , typically in proximity to regions with

115-442: Is 6b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of −1.9 °F (−18.8 °C). Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was −17.4 °F (−27.4 °C) on December 29, 1990. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < −13 °F (−25 °C). Loomis averages 12 inches (30 cm) to 18 inches (457 mm) of snow per cool season. Cold semi-arid climate A more precise definition

138-469: Is given by the Köppen climate classification , which treats steppe climates ( BSh and BSk ) as intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates (A, C, D) in ecological characteristics and agricultural potential. Semi-arid climates tend to support short, thorny or scrubby vegetation and are usually dominated by either grasses or shrubs as they usually cannot support forests. To determine if

161-724: The ABC Islands , the rain shadows of Hispaniola 's mountain ranges in the Dominican Republic and Haiti , parts of the Southwestern United States including California's Central Valley , and sections of South America such as the sertão , the Gran Chaco , and the poleward side of the arid deserts, where they typically feature a Mediterranean precipitation pattern, with generally rainless summers and wetter winters. They are also found in few areas of Europe surrounding

184-416: The Köppen climate classification system, Loomis has a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ) with warm summers and cold winters. Dew points (how humid it feels) are typically very dry even during the summer months. Because of this, summer heat index values are often a few degrees lower than the ambient air temperature. Since 1981, the highest air temperature was 101.2 °F (38.4 °C) on July 23, 2006, and

207-586: The Mediterranean Basin . In Europe, BSh climates are predominantly found in southeastern Spain . It can also be found primarily in parts of south Greece but also in marginal areas of Thessaloniki and Chalkidiki in north Greece , most of Formentera , marginal areas of Ibiza and marginal areas of Italy in Sicily , Sardinia and Lampedusa . Cold semi-arid climates (type "BSk") tend to be located in elevated portions of temperate zones generally from

230-518: The Outback surrounding the central desert regions lies within the hot semi-arid climate region. In South Asia, both India and parts of Pakistan experience the seasonal effects of monsoons and feature short but well-defined wet seasons , but are not sufficiently wet overall to qualify as either a tropical savanna or a humid subtropical climate. Hot semi-arid climates can be also found in parts of North America , such as most of northern Mexico ,

253-614: The Pacific Crest Trail cross between North Cascades National Park and Manning Park without reporting at the nearest official port of entry as legally required. Loomis, Washington Loomis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Okanogan County, Washington , United States. The population was 159 at the 2010 census . Its area is 0.85 square miles (2.2 km ), which is all land and no water. A post office called Loomis has been in operation since 1889. The community

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276-540: The Armstrong bridge, which was about 9 kilometres (6 mi) north of the crossing, washed out in a 1972 flood, cross-border rail service ceased permanently. A customs office existed at Chopaka during the summer of 1861, before relocating to Osoyoos . The next office opened in 1907 for railway traffic but relocated to the Keremeos preventative station the following year. That office closed in 1917 but reopened in 1940. During

299-513: The Nighthawk trail was popular for liquor smuggling during Prohibition in the United States . In 1929, when border patrols and their propensity to fire weapons increased, the smuggling activity moved farther eastward. Chopaka Road was parallel to the rail line and crossed the border. In 1952, the Nighthawk border station closed. The location of this station is unclear but it may have been back from

322-607: The border at the Nighthawk settlement to handle both road and rail traffic. The opening date of the existing road border station is unclear, but likely predated the Canadian one. Initially, a trailer at the border housed the inspection services. In 1962, the US built a small brick border station at this site. Around this time, the US installed a locked gate on the Chopaka Road a mile south of the border. Averaging just 28 vehicles per day in 2009,

345-536: The crossing was the least used land border in Washington state at the time. In 2012, a new facility, which employs advanced technologies, replaced the former customs house. The area west of the station is the most remote part of the contiguous US border, passing through the Cascade Mountains . The next border crossing is 125 miles (201 km) westward at Sumas–Huntingdon Border Crossing . However, many hikers on

368-399: The crowd knew what was happening a bucket of tar and pillows were produced." After half an hour of being paraded through the street covered in tar and feathers, he was released. According to the Köppen climate classification system, North Star Ranch has a cold semi-arid climate ( BSk ) with warm summers and cold winters. Dew points (how humid it feels) are typically very dry even during

391-528: The earlier years, a Keremeos officer would travel to Chopka to clear any livestock movements across the border. The Similkameen office opened on the rail line a short distance north of the border in 1917 but closed in 1940. In 1959, the Chopaka station was reopened at the road crossing, which is about 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of the rail crossing. This road crossing existed by at least the early 1930s. The customs office seems to have opened in 1907. For many years,

414-457: The highest daily average mean dew point was 57.6 °F (14.2 °C) on June 29, 2013. Severe thunderstorms are very rare. December is the average wettest month of the year which correlates with the peak frequency of storms crossing the area via the Pacific Ocean. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was 1.56 inches (40 mm) on 05/26/1998. During the winter months, the plant hardiness zone

437-525: The mid-30s to low 50s latitudes, typically bordering a humid continental climate or a Mediterranean climate . They are also typically found in continental interiors some distance from large bodies of water. Cold semi-arid climates usually feature warm to hot dry summers, though their summers are typically not quite as hot as those of hot semi-arid climates. Unlike hot semi-arid climates, areas with cold semi-arid climates tend to have cold and possibly freezing winters. These areas usually see some snowfall during

460-589: The peak frequency of storms crossing the area via the Pacific Ocean. Since 1981, the wettest calendar day was 1.60 inches (41 mm) on May 26, 1998. During the winter months, the plant hardiness zone is 5b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of −12.9 °F (−24.9 °C). Since 1981, the coldest air temperature was −17.1 °F (−27.3 °C) on December 29, 1990. Episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values < −26 °F (−32 °C). North Star Ranch averages ≈ 24 inches (61 cm) of snow per cool season. According to

483-419: The summer months. Because of this, summer heat index values are often a few degrees lower than the ambient air temperature. Since 1981, the highest air temperature was 99.6 °F (37.6 °C) on July 23, 2006, and the highest daily average mean dew point was 57.0 °F (13.9 °C) on June 29, 2013. Severe thunderstorms are very rare. December is the average wettest month of the year which correlates with

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506-796: The winter, though snowfall is much lower than at locations at similar latitudes with more humid climates. Areas featuring cold semi-arid climates tend to have higher elevations than areas with hot semi-arid climates, and tend to feature major temperature swings between day and night, sometimes by as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more. These large diurnal temperature variations are seldom seen in hot semi-arid climates. Cold semi-arid climates at higher latitudes tend to have dry winters and wetter summers, while cold semi-arid climates at lower latitudes tend to have precipitation patterns more akin to Mediterranean climates , with dry summers, relatively wet winters, and even wetter springs and autumns. Cold semi-arid climates are most commonly found in central Asia and

529-540: Was named after J. A. Loomis, a local storekeeper. On November 3, 1901, J. M. Haggerty was tarred and feathered in Loomis. He made comments to The Spokesman-Review about the lack of success of the Palmer Mountain Tunnel Company. The comments were resented and a mob was waiting for him when he stepped off the stage . During an impromptu mass meeting, "Suddenly a dozen men grabbed Haggerty, and before half

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