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34-529: Nightbirds is an album by the all-female singing group Labelle , released in 1974 on the Epic label. The album features the group's biggest hit, " Lady Marmalade ," and it has become the group's best selling album to date. Nona Hendryx began composing most of the group's material - the group hadn't had commercial success with their first three albums - Labelle , Moon Shadow , and Pressure Cookin' . All albums had flirted with elements of rock music mixed with

68-618: A DSD copy of the HD stream. Sound quality parameters achievable by the Red Book CD-DA and SACD formats compared with the limits of human hearing are as follows: In September 2007, the Audio Engineering Society published the results of a year-long trial, in which a range of subjects—including professional recording engineers—were asked to discern the difference between high-resolution audio sources (including SACD and DVD-Audio ) and

102-444: A frequency response of 20 kHz can be achieved along with a dynamic range of nearly 120 dB, which is about the same dynamic range as PCM audio with a resolution of 20 bits. To reduce the space and bandwidth requirements of DSD, a lossless data compression method called Direct Stream Transfer ( DST ) is used. DST compression is compulsory for multi-channel regions and optional for stereo regions. It typically compresses by

136-1146: A 2014 study, however, Marui et al. found that under double-blind conditions, listeners were able to distinguish between PCM (192 kHz/24 bits) and DSD (2.8 MHz) or DSD (5.6 MHz) recording formats, preferring the qualitative features of DSD, but could not discriminate between the two DSD formats. The Sony SCD-1 player was introduced concurrently with the SACD format in 1999, at a price of approximately US$ 5,000. It weighed over 26 kilograms (57 lb) and played two-channel SACDs and Red Book CDs only. Electronics manufacturers, including Onkyo , Denon , Marantz , Pioneer and Yamaha offer or offered SACD players. Sony has made in-car SACD players. In order to play back SACD content digitally without any conversion, some players are able to offer an output carrying encrypted streams of DSD, either via IEEE 1394 or more commonly, HDMI . SACD players are not permitted to offer an output carrying an unencrypted stream of DSD. The first two generations of Sony's PlayStation 3 game console were capable of reading SACD discs. Starting with

170-461: A Long Time" showed the group's range, while the album closer, "You Turn Me On" was a sexy R&B slow jam, which shocked past listeners of the Bluebelles' material. The album became their most successful to date, becoming their first album to hit both the pop and R&B charts - neither of their previous albums charted - peaking at number seven on the latter chart, thanks to the phenomenal success of

204-422: A compact disc audio (44.1 kHz/16 bit) conversion of the same source material under double-blind test conditions. Out of 554 trials, there were 276 correct answers, a 49.8% success rate corresponding almost exactly to the 50% that would have been expected by chance guessing alone. When the level of the signal was elevated by 14 dB or more, the test subjects were able to detect the higher noise floor of

238-782: A factor of between two and three, allowing a disc to contain 80 minutes of both 2-channel and 5.1-channel sound. Direct Stream Transfer compression was standardized as an amendment to the MPEG-4 Audio standard, ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 6:2005 (Lossless coding of oversampled audio), in 2005. It contains the DSD and DST definitions as described in the Super Audio CD Specification. The MPEG-4 DST provides lossless coding of oversampled audio signals. Target applications of DST are archiving and storage of 1-bit oversampled audio signals and SA-CD. A reference implementation of MPEG-4 DST

272-520: A higher bit rate and longer playing time than a conventional CD. An SACD is designed to be played on an SACD player. A hybrid SACD contains a Compact Disc Digital Audio (CDDA) layer and can also be played on a standard CD player. The Super Audio CD format was introduced in 1999, and is defined by the Scarlet Book standard document. Philips and Crest Digital partnered in May 2002 to develop and install

306-552: A meta-analysis on 20 of the published tests that included sufficient experimental detail and data. In a paper published in the July 2016 issue of the AES Journal, Reiss says that, although the individual tests had mixed results, and that the effect was "small and difficult to detect," the overall result was that trained listeners could distinguish between high-resolution recordings and their CD equivalents under blind conditions: "Overall, there

340-421: Is determined by numbers encoded in the bit stream. Both modulations require neighboring samples to reconstruct the original waveform; the more neighboring samples, the lower the frequency that can be encoded. DSD is 1-bit , has a sampling rate of 2.8224  MHz , and makes use of noise shaping quantization techniques in order to push 1-bit quantization noise up to inaudible ultrasonic frequencies. This gives

374-611: The Chicago Symphony Orchestra started the Chicago Resound label to provide full and burgeoning support for high-resolution SACD hybrid discs, and the London Symphony Orchestra established their own LSO Live label. Many SACD discs that were released from 2000 to 2005 are now out of print and available only on the used market. By 2009, the major record companies were no longer regularly releasing discs in

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408-525: The disco movement, which peaked in the late 1970s and influenced dance music for three decades. In 2003, the album was ranked number 272 on Rolling Stone 's magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time , and 274 in a 2012 revised list. That same year, the album's leading hit track, "Lady Marmalade", was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame . Several acts have covered "Lady Marmalade" into international successes on their own including; All Saints and

442-565: The CD layer. Conversely, if a conventional CD is placed into an SACD player, the laser will read the disc as a CD since there is no SACD layer. SACD audio is stored in Direct Stream Digital (DSD) format using pulse-density modulation (PDM) where audio amplitude is determined by the varying proportion of 1s and 0s. This contrasts with compact disc and conventional computer audio systems using pulse-code modulation (PCM) where audio amplitude

476-454: The CD-quality loop easily. The authors commented: Now, it is very difficult to use negative results to prove the inaudibility of any given phenomenon or process. There is always the remote possibility that a different system or more finely attuned pair of ears would reveal a difference. But we have gathered enough data, using sufficiently varied and capable systems and listeners, to state that

510-694: The Moon (1973) sold over 800,000 copies by June 2004 in its SACD Surround Sound edition. The Who 's rock opera Tommy (1969), and Roxy Music 's Avalon (1982), were released on SACD to take advantage of the format's multi-channel capability. All three albums were remixed in 5.1 surround , and released as hybrid SACDs with a stereo mix on the standard CD layer. Some popular artists have released new recordings on SACD. Sales figures for Sting 's Sacred Love (2003) album reached number one on SACD sales charts in four European countries in June 2004. Between 2007 and 2008,

544-467: The Nightbird album and on all live performances. The album remains their most successful album, certified platinum in the U.S. for selling over a million copies. Due to this success, Labelle landed on the cover of Rolling Stone . With Nightbirds , Labelle were praised for mixing their R&B / soul sound with elements of rock and funk . The success of the album's two singles also helped to pioneer

578-538: The SACD layer. Some reissues retain the mixes of earlier multi-channel formats (examples include the 1973 quadraphonic mix of Mike Oldfield 's Tubular Bells and the 1957 three-channel stereo recording by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra of Mussorgsky 's Pictures at an Exhibition , reissued on SACD in 2001 and 2004 respectively). Objective lenses in conventional CD players have a longer working distance, or focal length , than lenses designed for SACD players. In SACD-capable DVD, Blu-ray and Ultra HD Blu-ray players,

612-631: The audio data, with a key encoded on a special area of the disc that is only readable by a licensed SACD device. The HD layer of an SACD disc cannot be played back on computer CD/DVD drives, and SACDs can only be manufactured at the disc replication facilities in Shizuoka and Salzburg . Nonetheless, very early versions of the PlayStation 3 with an SACD-compatible drive and appropriate firmware and certain Blu-ray players can use specialized software to extract

646-649: The burden of proof has now shifted. Further claims that careful 16/44.1 encoding audibly degrades high resolution signals must be supported by properly controlled double-blind tests. Following criticism that the original published results of the study were not sufficiently detailed, the AES published a list of the audio equipment and recordings used during the tests. Since the Meyer–Moran study in 2007, approximately 80 studies have been published on high-resolution audio, about half of which included blind tests. Joshua Reiss performed

680-468: The first SACD hybrid disc production line in the United States, with a production capacity of up to three million discs per year. SACD did not achieve the level of growth that compact discs enjoyed in the 1980s, and was not accepted by the mainstream market. By 2007, SACD had failed to make a significant impact in the marketplace; consumers were increasingly downloading low-resolution music files over

714-636: The format a greater dynamic range and wider frequency response than the CD. The SACD format is capable of delivering a dynamic range of 120  dB from 20 Hz to 20 kHz and an extended frequency response up to 100 kHz, although most available players list an upper limit of 70–90 kHz, and practical limits reduce this to 50 kHz. Because of the nature of sigma-delta converters , DSD and PCM cannot be directly compared. DSD's frequency response can be as high as 100 kHz, but frequencies that high compete with high levels of ultrasonic quantization noise . With appropriate low-pass filtering ,

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748-489: The format, with new releases confined to the smaller labels. SACD discs have identical physical dimensions as standard compact discs. The areal density of the disc is the same as a DVD . There are three types of disc: A stereo SACD recording has an uncompressed rate of 5.6  Mbit/s , four times the rate for Red Book CD stereo audio. Commercial releases commonly include both surround sound (five full-range plus LFE multi-channel) and stereo (dual-channel) mixes on

782-525: The funk single, "Lady Marmalade", one of the few songs not written by Nona Hendryx. The group's only other hit single, "What Can I Do For You", was written by Queens, New York musicians Edward Batts and James Ellison, who would continue to work for Patti LaBelle following the split of the group. The other members of their touring band, Jeffrey Shannon (drums), Hector Seda (bass) and Leslie "Chuggy" Carter (percussionist), were all responsible for their individual instrumental arrangements, of which, many were used on

816-473: The group's soul/gospel roots from their days as Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles . Despite this, the group became a draw as opening acts for The Who , Laura Nyro , and The Rolling Stones . Following their opening act on the Stones' 1973 U.S. tour, Epic Records signed the show to its roster. The group was assigned to producer Allen Toussaint and the group was sent to Toussaint's hometown of New Orleans to work on

850-521: The internet rather than buying music on physical disc formats. A small and niche market for SACD has remained, serving the audiophile community. By October 2009, record companies had published more than 6,000 SACD releases, slightly more than half of which were classical music . Jazz and popular music albums, mainly remastered previous releases, were the next two genres most represented. Many popular artists have released some or all of their back catalog on SACD. Pink Floyd 's album The Dark Side of

884-471: The quartet collaboration between singers Christina Aguilera , Mýa , Lil' Kim and Pink . "It Took a Long Time" was featured during the final scene and ending credits to the motion picture Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire . In addition to the standard 2-channel stereo version the album was also released by Epic in a 4 channel quadraphonic edition on LP record and 8-track tape . The quad LP

918-548: The record that would eventually be released as Nightbirds . They recorded the album in two months. Along with their adaptation of glam rock -styled outfits during their live performances, the group incorporated elements of funk music, something they included in their last album, Pressure Cookin on the song "Goin' On a Holiday." The funk direction continued with songs such as "Are You Lonely," "Somebody, Somewhere", "Space Children," and their famous hit, "Lady Marmalade". More experimental glam rockers such as "Nightbirds" and "It Took

952-423: The red DVD laser is used for reading SACDs. This means that when a hybrid SACD is placed into a conventional CD player, the infrared laser beam passes through the SACD layer and is reflected by the CD layer at the standard 1.2 mm distance, and the SACD layer is out of focus. When the same disc is placed into an SACD player, the red laser is reflected by the SACD layer (at 0.6 mm distance) before it can reach

986-443: The rock band Genesis re-released all of their studio albums across three SACD box sets. Each album in these sets contains both new stereo and 5.1 mixes. The original stereo mixes were not included. The US & Canada versions do not use SACD but CD instead. By August 2009 443 labels had released one or more SACDs. Instead of depending on major label support, some orchestras and artists have released SACDs on their own. For instance,

1020-512: The third generation (introduced October 2007), SACD playback was removed. All PlayStation 3 models, however, will play DSD Disc format. The PlayStation 3 was capable of converting multi-channel DSD to lossy 1.5 Mbit/s DTS for playback over S/PDIF using the 2.00 system software . The subsequent revision removed the feature. Several brands have introduced (mostly high-end ) Blu-ray Disc and Ultra HD Blu-ray players that can play SACD discs. Unofficial playback of SACD disc images on

1054-629: Was "only slightly better than chance." Contradictory results have been found when comparing DSD and high-resolution PCM formats. Double-blind listening tests in 2004 between DSD and 24-bit, 176.4 kHz PCM recordings reported that among test subjects no significant differences could be heard. DSD advocates and equipment manufacturers continue to assert an improvement in sound quality above PCM 24-bit 176.4 kHz. A 2003 study found that despite both formats' extended frequency responses, people could not distinguish audio with information above 21 kHz from audio without such high-frequency content. In

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1088-450: Was a small but statistically significant ability to discriminate between standard-quality audio (44.1 or 48 kHz, 16 bit) and high-resolution audio (beyond standard quality). When subjects were trained, the ability to discriminate was far more significant." Hiroshi Nittono pointed out that the results in Reiss's paper showed that the ability to distinguish high-resolution audio from CD-quality audio

1122-890: Was encoded using the SQ matrix format. The album was reissued by Audio Fidelity on the Super Audio CD format in 2015. This version contains both the complete stereo and quad mixes. All tracks are written by Nona Hendryx , except where noted. Technical Labelle Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 788930263 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 06:52:10 GMT Super Audio CD The SACD format allows multiple audio channels (i.e. surround sound or multichannel sound). It also provides

1156-520: Was published as ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001/Amd.10:2007 in 2007. SACD has several copy protection features at the physical level, which made the digital content of SACD discs difficult to copy until the jailbreak of the PlayStation 3 . The content may be copyable without SACD quality by resorting to the analog hole , or ripping the conventional 700 MB layer on hybrid discs. Copy protection schemes include physical pit modulation and 80-bit encryption of

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