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55-470: The Nietzsche Archive was founded in 1894 in Naumburg, Germany , and found a permanent location at Weimar . Its history until the middle of the 20th century was closely tied to its founder and chief for many years, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche , the philosopher's sister. Though from its inception the archive came under much criticism for doctoring, or even forging, documents to support certain ideological purposes,

110-546: A Propstei Church on the site of the later Naumburg Cathedral was mentioned in the Merseburg Bishops' Chronicles in 1021. In 1028 Pope John XIX gave his approval for the transfer of the bishopric from Zeitz to Naumburg. Until 1568, during the Reformation, Naumburg was the seat of the bishops. The last Catholic bishop was Julius von Pflug . The foundation of the cathedral school is dated to 1030. Naumburg has been known as

165-632: A reform of Roman Catholicism along the lines already indicated, only to be obliged to wait for the decision of the pope. The Reformation was now carried through in Meissen, and Pflug took refuge in Zeitz, later retiring to his canonry at Maintz , and thus rendering Zeitz more accessible to the Protestant movement. In 1541 he was appointed bishop of Naumburg , but John Frederick , the elector of Saxony, hating all men of moderation, forbade him to occupy his see. Pflug

220-431: A saint. The Naumburg Master achieved a high degree of dramatic expressiveness and natural vibrancy. The Jews , for example, wear the typical hats, while Pilatus appears in a splendorous courtly garment, washing his hands off responsibility. The artist mastered a remarkable challenge concerning the usage of the limited space. In the representation of the last supper , he limited the number of disciples beside Christ in

275-528: A secret correspondence with Melanchthon to induce him and Prince George of Anhalt to accept a modified sacrificial theory of the Mass; and he was also concerned in the deliberations between Maurice and Joachim II and their theologians at Jüterbog . The result was the first draft of the Leipzig Interim , which was submitted to the national diet in his presence. In his own diocese Pflug refrained from disturbing

330-477: A substantial sum. These letters were therefore also published directly and indirectly by the archive alongside Nietzsche's works. Another reason for the publishing frenzy from the archive and its monopolization of Nietzsche's work might also have been to earn large profits from them. 50°58′18″N 11°19′05″E  /  50.97166°N 11.31813°E  / 50.97166; 11.31813 Naumburg Naumburg ( German: [ˈnaʊmbʊɐ̯k] )

385-728: A town since 1144. Naumburg was a significant trading centre on the Via Regia in the Middle Ages, especially because of the Naumburg Trade Fairs, first known to have taken place in 1278. The emergence of Leipzig as a trade-fair centre from 1500 and the Thirty Years' War adversely affected the Naumburg economy. In 1561, the Naumburg Diet recognized the unaltered Augsburg Confession and

440-690: A while religious law was taught. At the same time there was an ecclesiastical proseminar . Here pupils, who were refused the Abitur at public schools during the SED regime, were able to attain an ecclesiastical qualification. Naumburg is twinned with: Julius von Pflug Julius von Pflug (1499 in Eythra – 3 September 1564 in Zeitz ) was the last Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Naumburg from 1542 until his death. He

495-508: Is a town in (and the administrative capital of) the district Burgenlandkreis , in the state of Saxony-Anhalt , Central Germany . It has a population of around 33,000. The Naumburg Cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. This UNESCO designation recognizes the processes that shaped the European continent during the High Middle Ages between 1000 and 1300: Christianization ,

550-518: Is a vaulted, cruciform basilica in a bound system with a segregated crossing. The Late Romanesque structure of Naumburg Cathedral replaced the first, Early Romanesque cathedral, which had been consecrated around 1042. The new construction was initiated in 1242 under the patronage of the Princes of the Apostles – Peter and Paul . Naumburg Masters The workshop organization of sculptors and stonemasons,

605-466: Is composed of a Romanesque core structure flanked by two Gothic choirs in the east and in the west. Naumburg Cathedral was one of the large double-choir cathedrals built in the transitional style between Late Romanesque and Early Gothic. The four towers form part of the Romanesque structure of the cathedral, even though parts of the upper floors and domes date from more recent style periods. The cathedral

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660-494: Is recognized as part of the pre-history of the Book of Concord . The ecclesiastical domain was secularised in middle of the 16th century and transferred to the Dukes of Saxony , who administered the district through a government endowment ( Stiftsregierung ) and later provided administrators. After the fraternal agreement between the four brothers of John George I, Elector of Saxony , in 1657

715-688: The Domgymnasium and the Lepsiusgymnasium. After the fusion of both and the migration from the school site Seminarstraße in the year 2007, the Domgymnasium is now housed in the buildings of the former Lepsiusgymnasium. Since the incorporation of Bad Kösen, the town has a second gymnasium again, Pforta . Between 1948 and 1993 Naumburg possessed an ecclesiastical university with the name Katechistisches Oberseminar ( Catechetical advanced seminar ), where theology , philosophy , religious education and for

770-603: The Naumburg Master innovated architecture and sculpture of the Hohenstaufen period of the 13th century that were particularly developed at the cathedral in Reims. No written sources about the chief sculptor-architect of this workshop who was named after his main work in Naumburg. However, there is a general consensus with regard to the itinerary of the building workshop from Mainz via Naumburg to Meissen . An assumption relying on

825-675: The Via Regia and the Regensburg Road. The cathedral district (cathedral precincts, cathedral town) and the civil district as well as the immunities of the two monasteries coexisted for centuries and were visibly separated from each other by means of fortifications, forming districts subject to special rights. The relevant areas, subject to special rights held by the bishop and his cathedral chapter, included castles, towns, church institutions, villages, forums, but also fields, meadows and forests, and were enclosed by trenches, ramparts, walls, or fences. The oldest residential tower of Naumburg

880-597: The 13th century. The Haus zur Hohen Lilie (Markt 19) is a Romanesque secular building including a tower visible from the market square, the kitchen building to the west of the tower, the northern building bordering the tower and the Baroque building north of the northern building. Some parts of the medieval city fortifications survive, including one of the old city gates, the Marientor . The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche spent his childhood and his later years in Naumburg in

935-791: The Archive was, until the end of the Second World War, a location of central importance for Nietzsche's reception in Germany. In the GDR it was affiliated with the Nationale Forschungs- und Gedenkstätten der klassischen deutschen Literatur in Weimar ( National Research and Memorial Sites of Classical German Literature in Weimar ), and formally dissolved in 1956. Its holdings were made accessible for western researchers, most notably Mazzino Montinari , who replaced

990-609: The Dukes of Saxony in Dresden and became fully integrated into Albertine Saxony. However, it remained until 1815 the seat of its own administrative authority ( Consistory of the district of Naumburg-Zeitz). After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Naumburg was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia , becoming part of the Province of Saxony . It gained control over the cathedral and its close in 1832. In 1846

1045-504: The Hussites in 1432. A teacher is said to have led his pupils outside the gates of the beleaguered city to beg the Hussite commander Andreas Prokop for mercy. The latter granted their request and gave the children cherries. The legend is commemorated in the song "Die Hussiten zogen vor Naumburg" (The Hussites marched on Naumburg) written by Karl Friedrich Seyferth in 1832. Naumburg is located on

1100-532: The Lutherans, restoring Roman Catholic worship only in the chief church in Zeitz and the cathedral of Naumburg, and even permitting Protestant services to be held in the latter. There was almost an entire dearth of Roman Catholic clergy, nor could he secure a sufficient number from other dioceses. He was accordingly forced to allow the married ministers whom Amsdorf had placed in office to retain their positions, though without Roman Catholic ordination. In November 1551, he

1155-533: The Naumburg district came into the possession of the secondogeniture of Saxe-Zeitz , which was inherited by Moritz, the youngest of the brothers. Before the Moritzburg castle was built in nearby Zeitz, the city castle in Naumburg served as the residence of this line. This period came to an end with the death of the last Protestant representative of the Saxe-Zeitz line in the year 1718. The Naumburg district reverted to

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1210-560: The Othmarsviertel and in the western part of today's town. There are no traces of the former Slav fortress of Wethau, which only survives in the name of the municipality of Wethau, where it is assumed to have been located. The early development of the town of Naumburg is closely connected with the Ekkehardine dynasty , Emperor Conrad II and Bishop Hildeward of Zeitz , who transferred the family seat from Kleinjena to their own estate at

1265-673: The Schmalkaldic War closed, Pflug took possession of his bishopric under imperial protection. He was a prominent factor in the negotiations which resulted in the Augsburg Interim , the basis of which was formed by the revision of his Formula sacrorum emendandorum by himself, Michael Helding , Johannes Agricola , Domingo de Soto , and Pedro de Malvenda . Pflug now entertained still higher hopes of realizing his reform of Roman Catholicism. He took part in negotiations in Pegau, continuing them in

1320-584: The St Moritz Monastery of the Augustinian Canons. When the Ekkehardine dynasty died out by 1046, the bishops became the rulers of the town. By that time, Naumburg had already developed into a political, economic and religious centre. The foundation of Naumburg with its merchant settlement had also caused the trade routes in the region to relocate, concentrating on Naumburg located at the crossing of

1375-451: The analysis of historic sources is based on the idea that the milestones of his creative work are marked by the completion of the choir screen in Mainz in 1239, the west choir in Naumburg in 1249/50 and the work of the building workshop in Meissen from 1250 up until prior to 1268. Next to the plant ornaments, based on the thorough observation of nature and found in all three places, and next to

1430-466: The cathedral itself, the romanic residential tower next to the cathedral, the early gothic residential tower at the market square as well as the city wall. Naumburg, a bishop's seat and an important market place, was founded at the beginning of the 11th century. It was first mentioned in the records in the year 1012. Some settlements already existed in the immediate neighbourhood of the newly founded town, as evidenced by pottery found at Domberg Hill, in

1485-560: The central German route of the St. James pilgrims way to Santiago de Compostela , the so-called Camino de Santiago . It follows the old Via Regia which has been designated a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe in 2005. Another recognised cultural route is the German section of the international Transromanica (a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe since 2007). Naumburg had two grammar schools,

1540-404: The city was connected to the rail line from Halle to Erfurt , in 1889 to Artern and eventually in 1900 to Teuchern . On 15 September 1892 a steam tramway opened in Naumburg. From 2 January 1907 the Naumburg tramway was electrified. Although industry was only weakly developed, a socialist club was founded in 1848. During the 1920 Kapp Putsch five workers were killed. The establishment of

1595-638: The dubious old Archiv's Nietzsche editions with new ones. In the GDR, however, Nietzsche was still a forbidden author, with all of his works being banned. Since German reunification , the archive's holdings are in possession of the Stiftung Weimarer Klassik , now called the Klassik Stiftung Weimar . The archive's domicile, the Villa Silberblick , is now a museum. Elisabeth Förster planned

1650-519: The establishment of a Nietzsche Archive after returning to Germany from Paraguay in the Fall of 1893. The purpose of the archive was to collect resources to keep them from being scattered and to secure a monopoly over their value—not unusual at that time. From the beginning of the 1890s, the reception of Nietzsche's works in the German-speaking world grew enormously. The Nietzsche Archive attempted to attain

1705-564: The first founders of the church that were mentioned in the call for donations from 1249 has proven to be an unsolvable undertaking, even after the meticulous examinations of the colouration of the statues during the restoration work. The prevalent opinion in art science is that the statues on the south side are Countess Gerburg and Count Conrad and those on the north side are Countess Berchta and Count Theodoric. Two founder couples are standing across from each other in clearly prominent positions: Ekkehard II, Margrave of Meissen , with his wife Uta in

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1760-515: The home of his mother's family. The house, known as the Nietzsche-Haus , is now a museum. The office of Oberbürgermeister (Lord Mayor) was held by Bernward Küper (CDU) between 2007 and 2021. In April 2021, Armin Müller (CDU) was elected Lord Mayor. Local industries include the manufacture of foodstuffs, textiles, machinery and toys. Naumburg is in a wine-growing region, with numerous vineyards in

1815-444: The legal rights of interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche and his philosophies in public discussions. Not only did Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche's biographies serve these discussions, but also a multitude of journals and newspaper articles which came from the archive and the surrounding areas. Förster-Nietzsche had already collected documents from her admired brother since her youth and then began to buy up all of his mail correspondences for

1870-609: The local Communist Party followed in December 1920. From 1933-1945, Jewish residents of Naumberg were systematically rounded up and killed. There is a memorial plaques displaying their names. Under the German Democratic Republic Naumburg was a centre of mechanical engineering, pharmaceuticals, metal-working and footwear manufacture. It was also a garrison town for the Soviet Air Force. Unofficial estimates are that

1925-782: The many matching architectural details, identical stonemason's marks recently found in Iben, Naumburg and Meissen support the evidence. The migration of the building workshop of the Naumburg Master, from Northern France over the Middle Rhine area up to the eastern boundaries of the German Empire and further on to southwestern Europe, reflects the extensive European cultural exchange during the High Middle Ages . Choir screens This mural choir screen type combines high artistic architecture, ornamentation and figural sculptures. The plant décor of

1980-409: The middle and the clearly isolated betrayer Judas to four. The monumental multi-coloured crucifixion group in the central portal of the choir screen shows in an impressive manner the immeasurable suffering of Christ and the deep and obvious grief of Mary and John. Gothic west choir The Early Gothic west choir is a hall choir and was built with an elevated gallery. On the level of the gallery,

2035-445: The new castle in Naumburg (Nuenburch) around 1028. In 1030, Naumburg appears in the sources with the addition ″civitas″. Encouraged by a privilege granted by Emperor Conrad II in 1033 the merchants of Kleinjena also moved to Naumburg, being guaranteed free trade and the heritable, interest-free ownership of their enclosed domicile. Ekkehard II and Hermann also established two monasteries: The Benedictine Monastery of St George and

2090-436: The north and his older brother, Margrave Hermann, with his wife Reglindis in the south. Only the sculpture of Uta has experienced an unparalleled cult, fostered considerably by the photographs of Walter Hege in the early 20th century. The layout of both the bishop 's district and the old town, still intact to this day, were both created between the 11th and 13th centuries. They feature a number of high medieval monuments like

2145-603: The number of Soviet military personnel approximately equalled that of the local population. The fall of communism in 1989 was accompanied by demonstrations and gatherings in the churches of the city. Naumburg lies in the south of Saxony-Anhalt at the confluence of the Unstrut and the Saale near the border with Thuringia , approximately 60 km (37 mi) southwest of Leipzig , 50 km (31 mi) south-southwest of Halle , and 40 km (25 mi) north-northeast of Jena . To

2200-508: The other would tolerate no reform. In 1532 Pflug became dean of Zeitz, where he had to grapple with the practical question of the Reformation , since not only was the bishop, who was also diocesan of Freising , continually absent, but the neighboring Protestant elector of Saxony was alleging claims of jurisdiction over the See . Pflug was in favor of lay communion under both kinds , the marriage of

2255-408: The people honoured with the sculptures had already been dead for 150 to 200 years at the time of creation, they are shown wearing contemporary courtly garments from the middle of the 13th century. The faces are individual and express inner emotions. The figures interact with the beholder and apparently with each other through looks and gestures. The attempt to relate the sculptures of the founders to

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2310-424: The place and had him ordained by Luther. On 15 January 1542, however, Pflug accepted his election to the bishopric, and sought to have his rights protected by the diets of Speyer (1542, 1544), Nuremberg (1543), and Worms (1545). At the latter diet the emperor directed the elector to admit Pflug to his bishopric, and to repudiate Amsdorf and the secular directors of the chapter. John Frederick refused, however, and

2365-442: The preserved sculptural ensembles from the 13th century throughout Europe. It shows the last supper , the payment of the pieces of silver, the capture, Peter's denial, two guards, the reading of Christ's sentence, the flagellation and the carrying of the cross. An important theme of the cycle is the juxtaposition of Judas and Peter; Judas, the sinner who was desperate and damned; Peter, the sinner who believed in forgiveness and became

2420-517: The priesthood, and general moral reform. He took part in the Leipzig Colloquy in 1534, and as dean of Meissen prepared for the clergy of the diocese the constitutions reprinted in the Leges seu constitutiones ecclesiœ Budissinensis (1573). As one of the envoys of John of Meissen , Pflug endeavored, in 1539, to secure from the papal nuncio, Alexander, who was then at Vienna , adhesion to his project for

2475-526: The question was settled only by the Schmalkaldic War . Hitherto Pflug had been in favor of a Roman Catholic reform of a far-reaching character, as was shown by his part at the Regensburg Conference of 1541 where he disputed with Johannes Eck and Johann Gropper ; but political conditions and his troubles with the elector of Saxony now made him a bitter opponent of the Reformation. In 1547, when

2530-509: The so-called " Landesausbau " and the dynamics of cultural exchange and transfer characteristic for this very period. The first written record of Naumburg dates from 1012, when it was mentioned as the new castle of the Ekkehardinger , the Margrave of Meissen. It was founded at the crossing of two trade-routes, Via Regia and the Regensburg Road. The successful foundation not long beforehand of

2585-531: The surrounding area. SC Naumburg was a former football club in the city from September 1899 to 1908. Every year on the last weekend in June, when the cherries are ripe, the city of Naumburg celebrates the Hussite Cherry Festival. This festival has a long tradition and dates back to at least the 16th century. Since the 17th century the celebrations have been connected with the legendary siege of Naumburg by

2640-467: The ten pillars supporting the vault merge with the life-sized sculptures of the founders. The twelve statues of the founders of Naumburg Cathedral rank among the most outstanding creations of European medieval sculpting. The nearly portrait-like representation of aristocratic men and women of the Thuringian-Saxon nobility is an unparalleled appreciation of the first founders of the church. Even though

2695-430: The town itself belong the quarters of Almrich (formerly Altenburg), Grochlitz , Henne and Weinberge . In addition, the borough of Naumburg consists of the following villages: Naumburg has a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters that is relatively dry for German standards. Population levels: 1: 29. October 2: 31. August 3: 30. June Naumburg Cathedral is a UNESCO world heritage site. The cathedral

2750-471: The west choir, due to its exceptional accuracy and the great variety of shapes to be seen on the capitals, friezes and corbels (corydalis, mugwort, hazel and vine), softens the sharpness and blocky features of the partition architecture and emphasises the organic character of the architecture. The relief frieze is one of the most sophisticated and formally most perfected arrangement of the Passion of Christ among

2805-536: Was again in Italy , and in 1530 he accompanied Duke George to the Diet of Augsburg . At this time he became a correspondent of Erasmus , and in his letters to him unfolded his plan for restoring religious peace to Germany. Everything could be done, he thought, by the influence of moderate men like Erasmus and Melanchthon . Erasmus replied that things had gone so far that even a council could be of no help; one party wanted revolution,

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2860-447: Was built probably in the mid-12th century at the cathedral precincts, at the curia episcopalis, Domplatz 1. It exhibits the same dimensions as the residential tower of the Haus zur Hohen Lilie and has two Romanesque floors. Another residential tower used to be located on the south side of the west choir of Naumburg Cathedral. It had to give way to the new west choir built in the second quarter of

2915-920: Was one of the most significant reformers involved with the Protestant Reformation . He was the son of Cæsar von Pflug , who acted as commissary for the Elector of Saxony in the Leipzig Disputation in 1519. He studied at the universities of Leipzig (1510–17) and Bologna (1517–19), and returned to Germany in 1519 to become canon in Meissen . Disturbed by the religious controversies at home, he returned to Bologna, whence he went to Padua , but in 1521, induced by offers of preferment from Duke George , he returned to his native state, first of all to Dresden , and then to Leipzig, where he still continued to devote himself chiefly to humanistic interests. In 1528–29 he

2970-557: Was present for a short time at the Council of Trent . Even after the final success of the Protestants in 1552, he remained in undisturbed possession of his see, thanks to his popularity and moderation; and after the abdication of Charles V , he urged the best interests of Germany in his Oratio de ordinanda republica Germaniœ ( Cologne , 1562). In 1557 he presided at the Colloquy of Worms , but

3025-436: Was uncertain whether he would accept the nomination or not; and meanwhile the elector, after vainly urging the chapter to nominate another bishop, turned the cathedral of Naumburg over to Protestant services and proposed to provide for the election of a bishop according to his liking. The elector's theologians, though exceedingly dubious regarding his course, finally yielded, and John Frederick selected Nicolaus von Amsdorf for

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