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35-548: The municipality lies in the Volcanic Eifel , a part of the Eifel known for its volcanic history, geographical and geological features. Volcanic activity continues even today, including gases that sometimes well up from the earth. Niederstadtfeld lies roughly 8 km southwest of Daun, southwestwards towards Bitburg , near Bundesstraße 257, and can be reached directly over Landesstraße (State Road) 27. The original village (now

70-422: A fashion accessory . Hats which incorporate mechanical features, such as visors, spikes, flaps, braces or beer holders shade into the broader category of headgear . In the past, hats were an indicator of social status . In the military , hats may denote nationality, branch of service, rank or regiment . Police typically wear distinctive hats such as peaked caps or brimmed hats , such as those worn by

105-555: A church, which was first mentioned in 1330. In 1457, Archbishop Johann II, the Margrave of Baden , in right of the Lordships of Schönecken, enfeoffed the brothers Heinrich, Johann and Friedrich, Lords of Pyrmont and Ehrenberg, with, among other things, holdings and assets, and also with “Stadefeld”. In 1460, Archbishop Johann II took Stadefeld as well as the rest of Heinrich's holdings, people and villages into his protection against payment of

140-690: A fess dancetty of three of the first, and in base argent a cogwheel spokeless azure. Beginning in 1565, Niederstadtfeld belonged to the Counts of Manderscheid and was until 1794 in the Electoral-Trier Amt of Manderscheid. The red fess dancetty (that is, horizontal zigzag stripe) was the charge borne in those lords’ arms. Within the Manderscheid high court, Niederstadtfeld had its own court for Niederstadtfeld, Schutz and Deudesfeld . The balances are meant to document this historical fact. The cogwheel in

175-653: A marker of social status and used to single out certain groups. The 1215 Fourth Council of the Lateran required that all Jews identify themselves by wearing the Judenhat ("Jewish hat"), marking them as targets for anti-Semitism . The hats were usually yellow and were either pointed or square. In the Middle Ages, hats for women ranged from simple scarves to elaborate hennin , and denoted social status. Structured hats for women similar to those of male courtiers began to be worn in

210-628: A population of about 200,000. The following volcanoes belong to the Eifel, sorted by height in metres (m) above sea level ( Normalhöhennull , NHN) : Of particular note is the volcanic caldera known as Laacher See , the site of an eruption around 12,900 years ago that had an estimated VEI of 6. The tephras deposited by past eruptions of the Volcanic Eifel are lithological deposits that are radiometrically dateable via argon-argon dating of K-feldspar grains. These have in turn been utilised to ascertain

245-472: A rising magma plume . This activity does not imply an immediate eruptive danger, but might suggest an increase in volcanic and seismic activity in the region. 50°17′N 7°00′E  /  50.283°N 7.000°E  / 50.283; 7.000 Hat A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as

280-417: A woman wearing a woven hat. One of the earliest known confirmed hats was worn by a Bronze Age man (nicknamed Ötzi ) whose body (including his hat) was found frozen in a mountain between Austria and Italy, where he had been since around 3250 BC. He was found wearing a bearskin cap with a chin strap, made of several hides stitched together, essentially resembling a Russian fur hat without the flaps. One of

315-438: A yearly protection fee. The municipality of Niederstadtfeld owned 1469 Morgen (roughly 465 ha) of woodlands, 482 Morgen (roughly 153 ha) of wasteland and wilderness and 10 Morgen (roughly 3 ha) of meadowland and other kinds of land. In 1565, Archbishop of Trier Johann VI enfeoffed Count Dietrich I of Manderscheid -Kayl, for him and Margaretha von Sombref's other heirs, with, among other things, holdings of

350-502: Is agricultural land. Niederstadtfeld's neighbours are Bleckhausen , Deudesfeld , Meisburg , Neroth , Oberstadtfeld , Salm , Schutz , Üdersdorf , Wallenborn and Weidenbach . In 1016, the village of Stadefeld ("field on the banks of the Kleine Kyll") had its first documentary mention. In this year, the village was transferred by the Abbot of Prüm , Urold von Daun, as a donation to

385-464: Is a collection of religious headgear assembled by a German entrepreneur, Dieter Philippi, located in Kirkel . The collection features over 500 hats, and is currently the world's largest collection of clerical, ecclesiastical and religious head coverings. This is a short list of some common and iconic examples of hats. There is a longer version at List of hat styles Hat sizes are determined by measuring

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420-568: Is an Irish milliner whose hats have been commissioned by top designers and worn at royal weddings. In North America, the well-known cowboy-hat manufacturer Stetson made the headgear for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Texas Rangers . John Cavanagh was one of the notable American hatters. Italian hat maker Borsalino has covered the heads of Hollywood stars and the world's rich and famous. The Philippi Collection

455-559: Is divided into three natural regions: The centre of the Volcanic Eifel is the region around Daun and Manderscheid and the areas within the Mayen-Koblenz district . The landscape of the Volcanic Eifel is dominated by recent volcanism. Volcanic craters, thick pumice and basalt layers and maars create a diverse landscape that clearly witnesses to very recent events in geological terms. The entire Volcanic Eifel covers an area of about 2,000 km (770 sq mi) and as of 2007 has

490-785: Is the escaping gases in the Laacher See. The Volcanic Eifel stretches from the Rhine to the Wittlich Depression . It is bordered in the south and southwest by the South Eifel , in the west by Luxembourg and Belgian Ardennes and in the north by the North Eifel including the Hohes Venn . To the east the Rhine forms its geographical boundary, with no volcanicity immediately beyond it. The Volcanic Eifel

525-572: The Eifel Mountains in Germany that is defined to a large extent by its volcanic geological history. Characteristic of this volcanic field are its typical explosion crater lakes or maars , and numerous other signs of volcanic activity such as volcanic tuffs , lava streams and volcanic craters like the Laacher See . The Volcanic Eifel is still volcanically active today. One sign of this activity

560-505: The Hauptschule and the tennis courts all having been built down in the valley. The Kleine Kyll itself rises above Neroth and empties into the river Lieser downstream from Manderscheid at the Neumühle ("New Mill"). The local elevation ranges from 386 to 420 m above sea level , and the municipality's area is 913 ha, 465 ha of which is wooded and another 345 ha of which

595-882: The Pileus , a simple skull-like cap; the Phrygian cap , worn by freed slaves in Greece and Rome (which became iconic in America during the Revolutionary War and the French Revolution , as a symbol of the struggle for liberty against the Monarchy); and the Greek petasos , the first known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and wimples . Like Ötzi, the Tollund Man was preserved to

630-468: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police . Some hats have a protective function. As examples, the hard hat protects construction workers' heads from injury by falling objects, a British police Custodian helmet protects the officer's head, a sun hat shades the face and shoulders from the sun, a cowboy hat protects against sun and rain and an ushanka fur hat with fold-down earflaps keeps the head and ears warm. Some hats are worn for ceremonial purposes, such as

665-559: The circumference of a person's head about 1 centimetre ( 2 ⁄ 5  in) above the ears. Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats can be stretched for a custom fit. Some hats, like hard hats and baseball caps , are adjustable. Cheaper hats come in "standard sizes", such as small, medium, large, extra large: the mapping of measured size to the various "standard sizes" varies from maker to maker and style to style, as can be seen by studying various catalogues, such as Hammacher Schlemmer . US hat size

700-642: The mortarboard , which is worn (or carried) during university graduation ceremonies. Some hats are worn by members of a certain profession, such as the Toque worn by chefs, or the mitre worn by Christian bishops . Adherents of certain religions regularly wear hats, such as the turban worn by Sikhs , or the church hat that is worn as a headcovering by Christian women during prayer and worship. While there are not many official records of hats before 3,000 BC, they probably were commonplace before that. The 27,000-to-30,000-year-old Venus of Willendorf figurine may depict

735-516: The 19th century were hatmaking and lead mining. The lead mine's now caved-in shafts can still be seen even today. In the time that followed the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), when great economic need prevailed, many people from Niederstadtfeld emigrated to the United States . Named are the families Pauls, Steffes, Ewen, Weber, Eull and Basten. About the turn of the 20th century, with

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770-618: The Lords of Pyrmont, including Stadtfeld. Both Niederstadtfeld and Oberstadtfeld belonged to the Electoral-Trier Amt of Manderscheid. Niederstadtfeld had a special court. The parish belonged to the rural chapter of Kyllburg in the Diocese of Trier. The parish was responsible to either the Count of Manderscheid-Kayl or the Lord of Wiltberg, who took turns in this position. Besides Niederstadtfeld, Oberstadtfeld

805-754: The Royal Enclosure must wear hats. This tradition was adopted at other horse racing events, such as the Kentucky Derby in the United States. Extravagant hats were popular in the 1980s, and in the early 21st century, flamboyant hats made a comeback, with a new wave of competitive young milliners designing creations that include turban caps, trompe-l'œil -effect felt hats and tall headpieces made of human hair. Some new hat collections have been described as "wearable sculpture". Many pop stars, among them Lady Gaga , have commissioned hats as publicity stunts. One of

840-466: The ages of climatic changes such as transitions from glacial to interglacial states during the Pleistocene . There is thought that future eruptions may occur in the Eifel, as: In 2020, Professor Kreemer noted that Eifel was the only region within an area of Europe studied where ground motion happened at significantly higher levels than expected. It is possible that such movements originate from

875-518: The beginnings of industrialization , migration to industrial areas began in Niederstadtfeld, as it likewise did in many other villages. The only livelihoods offered in the village were in forestry , agriculture and the village's two sawmills . Niederstadtfeld – unlike its neighbour Oberstadtfeld – came through the Second World War relatively unscathed. In 1955, a ball factory took over

910-510: The end of the century, many other styles were introduced, among them hats with wide brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the middle of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the head like a helmet. The tradition of wearing hats to horse racing events began at the Royal Ascot in Britain, which maintains a strict dress code. All guests in

945-437: The first pictorial depictions of a hat appears in a tomb painting from Thebes, Egypt , which shows a man wearing a conical straw hat, dated to around 3200 BC. Hats were commonly worn in ancient Egypt. Many upper-class Egyptians shaved their heads , then covered it in a headdress intended to help them keep cool. Ancient Mesopotamians often wore conical hats or ones shaped somewhat like an inverted vase. Other early hats include

980-524: The late 16th century. The term 'milliner' comes from the Italian city of Milan , where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman's occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit. In the first half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers, and gauze trims . By

1015-470: The lower division of the escutcheon stands for both the earliest beginnings of the handicraft industry in Niederstadtfeld and the industry still found here today. Niederstadtfeld has a primary school and an all-day Hauptschule . Volcanic Eifel The Volcanic Eifel or Vulkan Eifel ( German : Vulkaneifel ), also known as the East Eifel Volcanic Field ( EEVF ), is a region in

1050-488: The most famous London hatters is James Lock & Co. of St James's Street . The shop claims to be the oldest operating hat shop in the world. Another was Sharp & Davis of 6 Fish Street Hill . In the late 20th century, museums credited London-based David Shilling with reinventing hats worldwide. Notable Belgian hat designers are Elvis Pompilio and Fabienne Delvigne ( Royal warrant of appointment holder ), whose hats are worn by European royals. Philip Treacy OBE

1085-457: The newly founded collegiate foundation at Prüm, a deed that was also approved by Emperor Heinrich II . This ownership arrangement found further confirmation in 1136 under Abbot Albero, who appointed Count Bezelino as the Vogt . Thus it could have been that the collegiate foundation lost its grip on Stadefeld because the nobility not only claimed the local lordship, but also contributed to the building of

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1120-401: The present day with a hat on, probably having died around 400 BC in a Danish bog, which mummified him. He wore a pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool, fastened under the chin by a hide thong. St. Clement , the patron saint of felt hatmakers , is said to have discovered felt when he filled his sandals with flax fibers to protect his feet, around 800 AD. In the Middle Ages, hats were

1155-744: The sawmill that once stood on the former Kreisstraße (District Road) 8. Not long afterwards, though – in 1959 – the heat-pressing works, still in business today, set up shop in exactly the same spot. The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. Niederstadtfeld's mayor is Günter Horten. The German blazon reads: Von Gold, Rot und Silber zweimal geteilt, oben ein roter Zickzackbalken, in der Mitte eine silberne Waage, unten ein blaues Zahnrad. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: A fess gules charged with balances argent, in chief Or

1190-522: The village centre) stands on a ridge between the Kälberbach and Schwemmbach valleys in a side valley of the Kleine Kyll river. The Kleine Kyll valley is part of the protected area Zwischen Uess und Kyll . The newer built-up area today stretches farther along the ridge between the Kälberbach and Schwemmbach valleys as well as along the slope of the Kleine Kyll, with the sport complex, the primary school ,

1225-448: Was also part of this parish. The mill at Niederstadtfeld belonged to the municipality. In August 1794, fire broke out in the newly built barn at the old rectory, which swiftly spread through the lower village, as most houses there still had thatched roofs. Many houses, barns and stables were destroyed in this fire. In 1800, a new industry began, sickle making. This afforded many villagers a livelihood. Other industries that cropped up in

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