Misplaced Pages

#199800

33-568: Niebert is located in the bocage landscape of the southern Westerkwartier in the former Ommeland Vredewold  [ nl ] . The village originated as a linear village on the old Geest of Vredewold. Characteristic are the opstrekkende heerden that extend far to the south of the village and are bordered in the north by the Oude Diep  [ nl ] . Niebert actually consists of two habitation axes. The northern one (the Molenweg)

66-456: A canon lives in a canonry or "canon's house". Other clerical titles have different names for their houses. A parsonage is where the parson of a church resides; a parson is the priest/presbyter of a parish church . A rectory is the residence of an ecclesiastical rector , although the name may also be applied to the home of an academic rector (e.g., a Scottish university rector), or other person with that title. In North American Anglicanism,

99-616: A public school in Nuis . In 2011, both schools moved to the community school ' t Sterrenpad ('the Starry Path') in Nuis, and the village lost its last school. [REDACTED] Media related to Niebert at Wikimedia Commons Bocage Bocage ( UK : / b ə ˈ k ɑː ʒ / , US : / ˈ b oʊ k ɑː ʒ / BOH -kahzh ) is a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture characteristic of parts of northern France, southern England, Ireland,

132-410: A result of peat extraction there, they were moved to the south. The church was left alone. In the 19th century, the buildings shifted again to the northern axis. The Malijksepad has never been more than a footpath, which was connected to the primary extraction axis by the driveways of the farms. To the east of the village lies the hamlet of De Holm  [ nl ] and to the southwest, around

165-541: A roof turret that was built in 1773. The bell from 1681 was stolen by the German occupiers . The current clock is from 1949. Probably between 1375 and 1400, the steenhuis ('stone house') Iwema was built south of Niebert. Unlike many other steenhuizen, this steenhuis never evolved into a borg , probably because the Iwema family was not of nobility. They did, however, sometimes fulfill the function of grietman and redger . Later,

198-457: A school teacher and her husband died when they were hit by a tram. The public primary school was closed around 1990. In 1928, a Christian primary school was built in Niebert. In 1992 it was given the name De Kring ('The Circle'), when the school officially switched to Jenaplan education . In 2002, the school was faced with a lack of space, which was the prelude to discussions about cooperation with

231-543: Is a Norman word that comes from the Old Norman boscage (Anglo-Norman boscage , Old French boschage ), from the Old French root bosc ("wood") > Modern French bois ("wood") cf. Medieval Latin boscus (first mentioned in 704 AD). The Norman place names retain it as Bosc- , -bosc , Bosc- , pronounced traditionally [bɔk] or [bo] . The suffix -age means "a general thing". The boscage form

264-422: Is characterised by bocage landscape, a consequence of pastoral farming which requires enclosure for the management of herds. Approximately 5% of Ireland's land area is devoted to hedges, field walls and shelterbelts . In the more fertile areas these usually consist of earthen banks, which are planted with or colonised by trees and shrubs; this vegetation can give the impression of a wooded landscape, even where there

297-629: Is little or no woodland. This pattern of hedgerows was largely established in the late 18th and 19th centuries, a period when Ireland was virtually devoid of natural woodland. Modern intensive agriculture has tended to increase field size by removing hedgerows, a trend which for years was promoted by the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union and recently has been countered by the European Union's agricultural policies favouring

330-473: Is something of an English speciality, beginning in the mid-18th century, especially in Chelsea porcelain , and later spreading to more downmarket Staffordshire pottery figures. In English, bocage refers to a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture, with fields and winding country lanes sunken between narrow low ridges and banks surmounted by tall thick hedgerows that break the wind but also limit visibility. It

363-462: Is the primary extraction axis where most of the buildings and the old church are located today. The southern one is the Malijksepad (locally called ' t Pad ), a footpath that runs over the old sand ridge between Marum and Tolbert . Here are a number of farms and the Iwema stone house (see history). Traditionally, the farms were located on the primary extraction axis, but after the soil had settled as

SECTION 10

#1732901995200

396-659: Is the sort of landscape found in many parts of southern England, for example the Devon hedge and Cornish hedge . However the term is more often found in technical than general usage in England. In France the term is in more general use, especially in Normandy , with a similar meaning. Bocage landscape in France is largely confined to Normandy, Brittany , Burgundy and parts of the Loire valley . Bocage

429-529: The National Trust . It was purchased in a state of near ruin in 1896 for £10, the vicarage having moved elsewhere long before. In some countries where the clergy houses were often rather grand, many of them have now been sold off by the churches and replaced by more modest properties. Numerous clergy houses have been acquired by families for use as private homes. Others have been adapted as offices or used for various civic functions. In many villages in England,

462-558: The Netherlands , northern Spain and northern Germany, in regions where pastoral farming is the dominant land use. Bocage may also refer to a small forest, a decorative element of leaves, or a type of rubble-work , comparable with the English use of "rustic" in relation to garden ornamentation. In the decorative arts, especially porcelain , it refers to a leafy screen spreading above and behind figures. Though found on continental figures, it

495-554: The 20th century, development stagnated. The flag and coat of arms of Niebert have been applied by both the villages of Niebert and Nuis in 2011, which are sometimes referred to conjointly as 'Nuis-Niebert' because of their relative proximity. The church of Niebert is a white-plastered hall church , built in the second half of the fourteenth century. The church is owned by the Stichting Oude Groninger Kerken (Old Groninger Churches Foundation). The church has

528-561: The Grouwweg, the neighborhood of Grouw. To the south lies Jonkersvaart . To the west lies the village of Nuis , and to the north the villages of Lucaswolde and Boerakker . The foundation of Niebert probably originated from Tolbert . The name Tolbert is a contraction of het (the definite article ), ol(de) ('old'), and bert ('neighbourhood'), and, therefore, literally means "the old neighbourhood". As such, Niebert means "new village" ( nie = 'new', bert = 'neighbourhood'). Further to

561-460: The administrative office of the local parish, as well as a residence. They are normally located next to, or at least close to, the church their occupant serves. Partly because of the general conservation of churches, many clergy houses have survived and are of historic interest or importance. In the United Kingdom, the 14th-century Alfriston Clergy House was the first property to be acquired by

594-536: The battlefield might contain hundreds of irregular hedged enclosures. In response, " Rhino tanks " fitted with bocage-cutting modifications were developed. American personnel usually referred to bocages as hedgerows . The German army also used sunken lanes to implement strong points and defences to stop the American troops on the Cotentin Peninsula and around the town of Saint-Lô . Almost all of lowland Ireland

627-698: The bocage acquired a particular significance in the Chouannerie during the French Revolution. The bocage was also significant during the Battle of Normandy in World War II, as it made progress against the German defenders difficult. Plots of land were divided by ancient rows of dirt alongside drainage ditches; thick vegetation on these dirt mounds could create walls up to 16 feet/4.8 metres high. A typical square mile on

660-447: The conservation of wildlife habitats. Presbytery (residence) A clergy house is the residence, or former residence, of one or more priests or ministers of a given religion. Residences of this type can have a variety of names, such as manse , parsonage , rectory , or vicarage . A clergy house is typically owned and maintained by a church, as a benefit to its clergy . This practice exists in many denominations because of

693-501: The effects of this was the importation of Russian wheat, which was cheaper than English wheat at that time. The enclosures common in the bocage countryside favoured sheep husbandry and limited English cereal grain production, and as a consequence of this policy, the rural exodus was amplified, accelerating the Industrial Revolution . The surplus of agricultural workers migrated to the cities to work in factories. In Normandy ,

SECTION 20

#1732901995200

726-401: The fields and meadows are enclosed by earth banks carrying hedges or rows of trees and where the habitation is generally dispersed in farms and hamlets." In southeast England, in spite of a sedimentary soil which would not fit this landscape, a bocage resulted from the movement to enclose what were once open fields . During the 17th century, England developed an ambitious sea policy. One of

759-408: The former clergy house is called the "Old Vicarage" or the "Old Rectory". In Scotland, a former clergy house may be known as the "Old Manse". There are a number of more specific terms whose use depends on the rank of the occupant, the denomination, and the locality. Above the parish level, a bishop's house was traditionally called a " Bishop's palace ", a dean 's residence is known as a deanery , and

792-451: The house was inhabited by the Ibema family. The house was renovated in 1847 by the local reverend Reinder Damsté, who wanted to use it as a presbytery , transformed into a head-rump farm , whereby the steenhuis was also lowered and the whole was plastered white. A barn on the north side and a small shed on the east side were demolished and a new barn was built on the west side. In 1851 the house

825-417: The northeast is the village of Lettelbert ; "little neighborhood". The village was probably founded as a marginal peat reclamation in the late Middle Ages . In the 16th century, large-scale peat bogs around Niebert began to be extracted and many peat workers came to live in the village. In the 19th century, Niebert more or less had a central function for the surrounding area and was a prosperous village. In

858-532: The original root is thought to be the Proto-Germanic *bŏsk- . The boscage form seems to have developed its meaning under the influence of eighteenth-century romanticism . The 1934 Nouveau Petit Larousse defined bocage as "a bosquet , a little wood, an agreeably shady wood" and a bosquet as "a little wood, a clump of trees". By 2006, the Petit Larousse definition had become "(Norman word) Region where

891-440: The tendency of clergy to be transferred from one church to another at relatively frequent intervals. Also, in smaller communities, suitable housing is not always available. In addition, such a residence can be supplied in lieu of salary, which may not be able to be provided (especially at smaller congregations). Catholic clergy houses in particular may be lived in by several priests from a parish . Clergy houses frequently serve as

924-563: Was bought by the De Boer family (who bought the adjacent Bouwsemaheerd in 1844), who are related to the Iwemas along the female line. Their descendants still live there, but in 1988 they sold the property to the Het Groninger Landschap foundation, so that they could restore it. Today Iwema is the only remaining steenhuis in the province of Groningen. The house cannot be visited, but the barn

957-538: Was converted in 1988 into the 'painters and bakery museum 't Steenhuus'. The museum was previously located in the Nieberter molen, a nearby windmill , and the barn behind it from 1986. The garden of the house is said to be the largest red beech in the province of Groningen. The moat around the stone house has grown over the years. On the east side of the steenhuis, at 't Pad 17, is the Bouwsemaheerd farm, whose family

990-415: Was related to the Iwema family. Three canals have been dug around this farm in the shape of the letters J, F, and L. According to one story, this is the result of a marriage in 1738. On the west side of the steenhuis, at 't Pad 4, is a farm that was built between 1851 and 1852. There was already a corn mill in the village before 1628, which was demolished in 1895. In 1899, a peeling and oil mill from 1818

1023-466: Was removed from Zandeweer as a replacement and rebuilt in Niebert as a flour mill in the form of a hexagonal scaffolding mill; the Nieberter molen  [ nl ] . The mill house with the transverse front house next to it also dates from around 1899. The Nieberter molen was the only remaining mill in the former municipality of Marum and is the only hexagonal mill in the north of the country. The mill

Niebert - Misplaced Pages Continue

1056-502: Was restored in 1965 and 1973. The municipality of Marum bought the mill in 1973 for the latter restoration. In 2011, the municipality transferred the mill to the Het Groninger Landschap foundation. Niebert has had a public and a Christian primary school for a long time. The public one was the oldest. In 1883 a new building was built for this purpose. Until 1909, the children from Boerakker also went to school here. In 1932,

1089-487: Was used in English for "growing trees or shrubs; a thicket, grove; woody undergrowth" and to refer to decorative design imitating branches and foliage or leafy decoration such as is found on eighteenth-century porcelain; since early twentieth century this usually called "bocage". Similar words occur in Scandinavian (cf. Swedish buskage ; Danish buskads ) and other Germanic languages (cf. Dutch bos , boshaag );

#199800