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35-458: On November 20, 1992, he was appointed to the role of Prime Minister of Romania . His prime ministerial mandate began with some limited economic reforms in the areas of fiscal, budgetary, monetary, and industrial prices, which made possible the resumption of Romania's economic growth starting in 1993. Between 1993 and 1996, the GDP grew by 17.5%, after a contraction of 24.5% in 1990-1992 immediately after

70-520: A României ) is the Romanian state authority charged with conducting financial audit over the way the state and public resources are managed and used. The court was established by a law of 1864, signed by Alexandru Ioan Cuza . In December 1948, under the nascent communist regime , it was disbanded. Revived in 1973 as the Higher Court of Financial Control ( Curtea Superioară de Control Financiar ), this too

105-513: A conviction), incompatibility with the office, death or expiration of the term of the legislature. The prime minister, together with the minister tasked with the particular field of government, can sign resolutions and ordinances to take effect as executive orders the moment they are published in the Monitorul Oficial , the official gazette of the Romanian state. Such ordinances must be sent to

140-520: A majority of all deputies and senators approves. Once the vote of confidence is obtained, the candidate becomes the prime minister and all cabinet members become ministers. The prime minister, the ministers, and other members of the Government take an oath before the president, as stipulated under Article 82 of the Constitution. The Government as a whole and each of its members exercise their mandate from

175-596: A motion of no confidence is adopted, the prime minister and his Cabinet are officially dismissed and the President must designate an individual to form a new government. Since 1989, five prime ministers have been dismissed following the adoption of a motion of no confidence: Emil Boc (2009), Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu (2012), Sorin Grindeanu (2017), Viorica Dăncilă (2019), and Florin Cîțu (2021). Originally styled President of

210-593: Is Marcel Ciolacu of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), who has been serving since 15 June 2023 onwards as the head of government of the National Coalition for Romania (CNR). One of the roles of the president of the republic is to designate a candidate for the office of prime minister. The president must consult with the party that has the majority in the Parliament or, if no such majority exists, with

245-533: The Treaty of Trianon . The new constitution limited the powers of the King, vesting the executive power entirely in the prime minister and his Cabinet who now governed in the King's name after the latter appointed him. The new constitution also made the first steps towards a parliamentary control of the government, stipulating that either of the chambers may put ministers under accusation to stand trial. The current residence of

280-686: The University of Bucharest , in the Faculty of Economic Sociology. He was also a first degree research associate within the Central Institute for Economic Research of the Romanian Academy . He attended conferences, meetings and scientific seminars organized domestically and internationally, and published numerous articles in newspapers and magazines in economic, financial, price and monetary matters. Together with journalist Gheorghe Smeureanu, he co-authored

315-405: The fall of the communist regime . After a drop in industrial production of 49% between 1990 and 1992, there was an increase of 22% in the 1993-1996 period. However, this growth was not sustainable, with many enterprises remaining under the weak management of the state, and produced much in stock just to report rising production figures. At the same time, foreign investment was almost non-existent, as

350-550: The Chamber or the Senate can adopt a simple motion to express their position towards an issue of internal or external politics. Parliament can dismiss an outgoing prime minister and his cabinet by adopting a motion of no confidence against the government. In order for a motion to be initiated, it must be signed by at least a quarter of deputies and senators and for it to pass, a majority of deputies and senators must vote in favour of it. After

385-489: The Council of Ministers, the office was first created in 1862 during the reign of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza . Cuza, unlike other monarchs of his time, was not a hereditary ruler. In 1859 he was elected Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia in two separate elections, thus de facto uniting the two principalities. By 1862, he had completely fused the two administrations into a single government with its capital at Bucharest ,

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420-634: The Statute expanding the Paris Convention ( Romanian : Statutul dezvoltător al Convenției de la Paris ). The new constitution created the Senate for serving Cuza's legislative purposes and vested the office of the Prince with full executive authority, while the prime minister remained his subordinate. Even though Cuza now had plenary powers, the office the prime minister remained influential, and Mihail Kogălniceanu ,

455-447: The appropriate chamber of Parliament where they are discussed in an urgent manner and they are then sent to the official gazette. In case the noticed chamber does not discuss or approve said ordinance after 30 days of its arrival, the ordinance is officially adopted and published in the gazette. An emergency ordinance cannot modify a constitutional law, concern the functioning of the fundamental institutions, rights, or liberties. Unlike in

490-467: The book "Romania, Games of Interest", published by Intact Publishing House, Bucharest, 1998. A. Internally: B. Externally: Prime Minister of Romania The prime minister of Romania ( Romanian : Prim-ministrul României ), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (Romanian: Prim-ministrul Guvernului României ), is the head of the Government of Romania . Initially,

525-788: The coalition that supported Văcăroiu's cabinet included nationalist and conservative-communist forces (the Romanian National Unity Party , the Greater Romania Party , and the Socialist Party of Labour ) and because it insisted that the bilateral treaties referring to the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , which had led to territorial losses for Romania to the Soviet Union , from which Ukraine and Moldova had inherited their borders (those tensions diminished after Văcăroiu's and Oliviu Gherman 's visits to Chișinău and Kyiv in

560-473: The country a political government, Cuza created the office of prime minister and brought into power the leader of the Conservative faction, Barbu Catargiu . During the first years after its creation the office held considerable authority, being able to challenge the will of the Prince and together with a Legislative Assembly composed mainly of conservatives and reactionaries, Catargiu's conservative government

595-418: The date of the oath. The prime minister directs the actions of the government and co-ordinates the activities of its members. The prime minister submits to the Chamber of Deputies or the Senate reports and statements on Government policy, to be debated. As head of the government, the prime minister is charged with directing the internal policy of the country and leads the public administration. In this regard,

630-704: The economic situation of those enterprises. At the end of his term, the situation of most state-owned enterprises was disastrous, even in Bancorex (a foreign trade bank with a prospect of success), which made Romania close to unable to pay its debts. Internationally, as regards the prospect of accession to the European Union , on 1 February 1993 the European Association Agreement with the European Community, which entered into force on 1 February 1995,

665-583: The first half of 1995). Hungary , for its part, negotiated a basic treaty, but Romania refused to accept the inclusion in this treaty of a commitment to comply with Council of Europe 's Recommendation 1201 on Minorities. The Treaty with Hungary was signed in September 1996, and in May 1996 the treaty with Yugoslavia could be signed after the Dayton Agreement and the lifting of the embargo on that country . Following

700-447: The government cooperates with other interested social actors. As with any other office of public authority, the office of prime minister is incompatible with any other office, except that of deputy or senator and is also incompatible with a professional position in a commercial organization. The term of a prime minister ends with the individual's resignation, dismissal following a motion of no confidence, loss of electoral rights (following

735-481: The government meetings he attends. In addition to his constitutional roles, the prime minister is, generally, the leader of the major party in the majority coalition that supports the government, although this is not always the case. The Government and the other bodies of administration must submit all information, reports or documents requested by the Chamber of Deputies , Senate , or parliamentary committees as part of

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770-503: The government opposed any significant privatization in industry, although at that time many enterprises could still be sold at reasonable prices. These delays caused Romania to enter into recession at the end of Văcăroiu's tenure as well as Bulgaria. Instead, Văcăroiu opted for an inefficient privatization method: the distribution of some enterprises to the general population, with the option of subscribing to some state-owned companies, but without providing any real and relevant information on

805-434: The new country bearing the name Romania, but the union was in danger of being dissolved after the end of his rule. A liberal, in favour of the two great reform projects envisioned by the liberals of the time (the electoral and agrarian reforms), Cuza did not publicly espouse his political preferences or position himself as the leader of a faction, preferring to keep the office of the Prince politically neutral. In order to give

840-520: The office was styled President of the Council of Ministers (Romanian: Președintele Consiliului de Miniștri ), when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called the Council of Ministers ( Romanian : Consiliul de Miniștri ). The title was officially changed to Prime Minister by the 1965 Constitution of Romania during the communist regime . The current prime minister

875-407: The parliamentary control of government. The members of government are allowed to attend the works of Parliament and they must do so at the request of the presidents of the chambers. The prime minister and the members of his Cabinet must answer all questions or interpellations brought forward by deputies or senators as under the terms laid down in the statutes of Parliament. After such interpellations,

910-407: The parties represented in Parliament. Once designated, the candidate assembles a proposal for the governing program and the cabinet. The proposal must be approved by the Parliament within ten days, through a motion of no confidence . Both the program and the cabinet membership are debated by the Parliament in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The proposal is accepted only if

945-678: The prerogatives of a president, minus three of them: he could not dissolve the Parliament, he could not address the Parliament, nor organize a public referendum. On 14 October 2008, he was voted by the Parliament as President of the Court of Audit . Văcăroiu obtained a bachelor's degree in economic studies from the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies , Faculty of Credit and Finance (1964–1969). The countries where official visits were made include Japan, China, South Korea, India, Turkey, Philippines, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Lebanon. In most of

980-472: The president-parliamentary semi-presidential systems , such as Russia , the Romanian prime minister is not a subordinate of the president , as he cannot outright dismiss the prime minister. The president can attend the government meetings debating upon matters of national interest with regard to foreign policy, country's defense, maintenance of public order, and, at the invitation of the prime minister, in other instances as well. The president will always chair

1015-634: The prime minister is the Victoria Palace. Initially designed to be headquarters of the Foreign Ministry, Victoria Palace was the headquarters of Foreign Ministry and Council of Ministers during the Communist period and became, in 1990, headquarters of the first government of post-communist Romania . The palace was declared a historical monument in 2004. Court of Audit of Romania The Romanian Court of Accounts ( Romanian : Curtea de Conturi

1050-412: The prime minister served at the pleasure of the Prince, the latter being able to appoint and dismiss the former at any time and for any reason. Nevertheless, the prime minister still held considerable influence. After World War I led to the creation of Greater Romania another constitution was drafted in 1923 to reflect the changes the Romanian state had undergone since the Treaty of Versailles and

1085-571: The suspension of President Traian Băsescu by the Parliament of Romania on 19 April 2007, Nicolae Văcăroiu became the interim president of Romania after the Constitutional Court of Romania acknowledged the vote of the Parliament, until the impeachment referendum results were announced on 23 May 2007. During his interim presidency, Văcăroiu, according to the Constitution of Romania had all

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1120-423: The third prime minister, a liberal and former ally of Cuza often clashed with him. After Cuza's removal by coup d'état in 1866 by a coalition formed by both members of the liberal and conservative factions, the political forces of the time settled on two objectives: bringing a foreign prince from a European noble family on the country's throne and drafting a liberal constitution. The 1866 Constitution confirmed that

1155-498: The visits, the official delegation was accompanied by businessmen (between 80 and 120 people), representatives of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Association of Employers, and the media. The meetings between the Romanian and the Romanian businessmen were organized with the participation of the President of the Senate. Between 1975 and 1984 Văcăroiu was an associate professor at the Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies and at

1190-472: Was able to delay the adoption of several reforms. Frustrated by the government's opposition to reforms, and unable to work with an Assembly dominated by reactionary forces due to the censitary nature of the electoral system, Cuza launched a coup d'etat , followed by a constitutional referendum that replaced the Convention of Paris, an act that served as the constitution of the country, with his own version named

1225-672: Was signed, and in June 1995 it obtained the agreement of all the forces policy on the objective of the country's accession to the European Union. Also, the first request for NATO membership was made. As far as relations with neighbors are concerned, the settlement of bilateral treaties has been delayed. As Yugoslavia was under international embargo because of its actions in Croatia and Bosnia , relations with it were frozen. Moldova and Ukraine accused Romania of irredentism, among other things because

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