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49-504: Born on the coast in Cổ Am village (which is now part of Hai Phong ). As an adult, he studied knowledge from the second-rank doctor Lương Đắc Bằng and passed the official government examination at the fairly late age of 44 in the exams of 1535. However, he passed the exam, ranking number one in the country. This was a period of great instability in Vietnam which may explain why he took the exam at such

98-457: A Vietnamese record for being the only school with students winning international prizes for 21 consecutive years. Haiphong is located at the junction of two National Highways: Route 5, leading west to Hanoi , and Route 10, leading south to Nam Định and onward to connect with National Route 1 at Ninh Bình . Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong's city center all

147-576: A city, around one third of Haiphong's area or 52,300 ha (as of 2007) are used for agriculture. Rice is the most important crop, taking up around 80% of the agricultural land with an output of 463,100 tons in 2007. Other agricultural products include maize, sugar and peanuts. Haiphong has a relatively large fishing sector with an output of 79,705 tons (2007). Gross output has almost doubled between 2000 and 2007, mostly due to fast growth in aquaculture, which made up 60% of gross output in 2007. Despite its coastal location, sea fish contribute relatively little to

196-403: A larger share than industry. However, gross output in both agriculture and fishery have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007. Haiphong is the third most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of 2.103.500 for the metropolitan area (2015), encompassing an area of 1,507.57 km (582.08 sq mi), 46,1% of population reside in the urban districts. The gender distribution

245-492: A late age. He served in the Mạc dynasty court for just seven years until 1542 when he resigned after his official complaints of government corruptions were ignored. He then returned to his native village and opened a school. Among his students were Phùng Khắc Khoan (diplomat), Lương Hữu Khánh , Nguyễn Dữ (author of Truyền kỳ mạn lục ). Khiêm became a person much sought after by many leaders during that time of upheaval, civil war,

294-511: A low of 21 °C (70 °F) in February to a high of 30 °C (86 °F) during the months of July and August. Haiphong is subdivided into 15 district-level sub-divisions: They are further subdivided into 10 commune-level towns (or townlets), 148 communes, and 72 wards. Haiphong is a major economic center of the North in particular and Vietnam in general both. Under French domination, Haiphong

343-764: A north–south direction: the Irrawaddy (serving Myanmar ), the Chao Phraya (in Thailand ), and the Mekong (flowing through Northeastern Thailand , Laos , Cambodia and Vietnam ). To the south it forms the Malay Peninsula , located on which are Southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia ; the latter is variably considered part of Mainland Southeast Asia or separately as part of Maritime Southeast Asia . Mainland Southeast Asia contrasts with Maritime Southeast Asia , mainly through

392-469: A result of this sage advice, Khiêm gained a reputation as someone who could foretell the future. Some of his prophecies were of a Delphic nature as they were ambiguous and could be read in several ways. Khiêm was also a poet, composing many poems in Chinese and Nôm that have survived to this day. There is a long poem attributed to him called Sấm Trạng Trình (讖狀程, The Prophecies of Trạng Trình). (Trạng Trình

441-517: A significant industrial center. Haiphong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cấm River , in Vietnam's north-eastern coastal area, 120 kilometres or 75 miles east of Hanoi . The Bính Bridge crosses the Cam and connects the city with Thủy Nguyên District . It has a total natural area of 152,318.49 hectares or 376,387 acres (2001). It borders Quảng Ninh Province to the north, Hải Dương Province to

490-546: A toponym, that appears in many ancient Indian literary sources and Buddhist texts, but which, along with Suvarṇadvīpa ("island" or "peninsula of gold"), are also thought to refer to insular Southeast Asia. The origins of the name Indo-China are usually attributed jointly to the Danish-French geographer Conrad Malte-Brun , who referred to the area as indo-chinois in 1804, and the Scottish linguist John Leyden , who used

539-407: A whole. The Port of Haiphong on the Cấm River is divided into three main docks: Hoang Dieu (Central terminal) located near the city's center, Chua Ve, and Dinh Vu both farther downstream to the east. Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cát Hải and Cát Bà Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the city center while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on

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588-458: Is Cat Bi International Airport with three flights daily to Ho Chi Minh city. In April 2011, Vietnam Airlines launched routes to Da Nang with 5 flights a week. An international airport for Haiphong, situated in Tien Lang district, is in the planning stages; if realized it would become the largest airport in northern Vietnam. Haiphong port is one of the largest ports in Vietnam and south-east Asia as

637-455: Is a key sector in Haiphong including food processing, light industries and heavy industries. Major products include fish sauce, beer, cigarettes, textiles, paper, plastic pipes, cement, iron, pharmaceuticals, electric fans, motorbikes, steel pipes and ships and out-sourcing software implementation. Most of these industries have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007, with the exceptions of

686-511: Is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It includes the countries of Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Thailand and Vietnam as well as Peninsular Malaysia . The term Indochina (originally Indo-China ) was coined in the early nineteenth century, emphasizing the historical cultural influence of Indian and Chinese civilizations on the area. The term

735-525: Is different from Hue's version). 20°51′54.5″N 106°41′01.8″E  /  20.865139°N 106.683833°E  / 20.865139; 106.683833 Mainland Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast Asia (historically known as Indochina or the Indochinese Peninsula ) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia . It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and

784-466: Is half female (50.4%). As of the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growth rate was given as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate was recorded at 18.1 live births per 1000 persons vs the crude death rate of 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. Infant mortality rate was measured at 11.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births, just over two points above

833-651: Is noticeably wetter from April through October; roughly 90% of the city's annual rainfall (which totals approximately 1,700 millimetres or 67 inches) typically falls during these months. There is a noticeable difference in temperatures between the city's winters and summers. Haiphong's coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 °C (68 °F) and average low temperatures at around 14 °C (57.2 °F). Its warmest months, June and July, sees average high temperatures hover around 33 °C (91.4 °F) and average low temperatures at around 26 °C (78.8 °F). Sea temperatures range from

882-521: Is one of Khiêm's nicknames.) This is the Vietnamese equivalent of the Nostradamus quatrains. It is suggestive, believed to predict future events, and very mysterious. This poem includes the line, "Vietnam is being created" ( Vietnamese : Việt Nam khởi tổ xây nền ), an early use of the word Vietnam . Most cities in Vietnam have named major streets after him. The School of Teaching Goodness emerged in

931-463: Is the first place in Vietnam and Mainland Southeast Asia to get electricity . In the imperial era of Đại Việt , the Bạch Đằng River in Haiphong was a place of many legendary victories, led by now-legendary commanders Ngô Quyền and Trần Hưng Đạo . In the 16th century, Mạc dynasty has promoted the coastal settlement as a secondary capital, growing to become an important port town of Đàng Ngoài . After

980-735: Is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta . The municipality has an area of 1,526.52 km (589.39 sq mi), consisting of 8 urban districts , 6 rural districts and 1 municipal city (sub-city). Two of the rural districts cover islands in the South China Sea : Bạch Long Vĩ and Cát Hải . It has a population of 2,130,898 in 2023. The city's economy has strength in manufacturing, as evident by large industrial parks and numerous smaller traditional handicraft villages. Historically, Haiphong

1029-574: The French during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming in Yunnan, China , although service along the Chinese portion of the line is currently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong with connections to the rest of the Vietnamese railway network is via Hanoi. Passenger trains run daily from 6AM until 6PM from Hai Phong city to the capital Hanoi and back. The travel time between

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1078-536: The French conquest of Vietnam , in 1888, the president of the French Third Republic , Sadi Carnot , promulgated a decree to establish Haiphong as one of the principal cities of the French Indochina . From 1954 to 1975, Haiphong served as the most important maritime city of North Vietnam . It was one of directly controlled municipalities of a reunified Vietnam with Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in 1976. In

1127-791: The Oriental Paleotropical Kingdom . It includes the native flora and fauna of all the countries above. The adjacent Malesian Region covers the Maritime Southeast Asian countries, and straddles the Indomalayan and Australasian realms . The Indochinese Peninsula projects southward from the Asian continent proper. It contains several mountain ranges extending from the Tibetan Plateau in the north, interspersed with lowlands largely drained by three major river systems running in

1176-696: The Peninsula beyond the Ganges . Later, however, as the French established the colony of French Indochina (covering present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam), use of the term became more restricted to the French colony, and today the area is usually referred to as Mainland Southeast Asia. In biogeography , the Indochinese bioregion is a major region in the Indomalayan realm , and also a phytogeographical floristic region in

1225-511: The 1990s in the Vĩnh Bảo District , a rural area of the city of Hải Phòng . A local carpenter known simply as "Master Thu" claimed to have been visited at night by the spirit of Khiêm, who ordered him to build a shrine in his honor. Thu owned some land, where he built and inaugurated in 1996 a shrine he called Minh Đường Trung Tân (The School of Teaching Goodness). By 2016, it had attracted more than 10,000 visitors, and Thu had organized around

1274-485: The 21st century, Haiphong is under active land reclamation , the most recent effort being the construction of South Đình Vũ dike in 2022. Haiphong is a popular seaside vacation spot and known for biological reservations in Cát Bà Island . For its extensive port, the city hosts the headquarter of Vietnam People's Navy . Royal poinciana are commonly associated with Haiphong in Vietnamese culture. Mordern-day Haiphong

1323-558: The Mạc collapse, and the rise of the Trịnh lords and Nguyễn lords . Both Trịnh Kiểm and Nguyễn Hoàng purportedly sought his advice in their pursuit of power. To the former, he gave the advice of being the real power behind the (restored) Lê dynasty . To the latter, he advised building a base of power in the undeveloped south. Both men followed these suggestions, resulting in a political and military division of Vietnam that would last for 200 years. As

1372-468: The appellation: Hải -Dương thương-chính quan- phòng ("The trading defensive area of Hải Dương Province "). By the 19th century, at the end of Tự Đức's reign, the Hang Kenh Communal House in what is now the city's Le Chan District was made the administrative seat of An Dương District , restoring its regional importance. The area by then had developed into a sizable commercial port. At

1421-443: The channeled messages of Khiêm a new religious movement with thousands of followers. In 2016, a woman credited with spiritual powers who lived near the shrine claimed to have found Khiêm's coffin buried in her garden. State archeologists took the finding seriously and investigated it. The results were inconclusive, but the fame of the shrine grew as a result of the incident. Hai Phong Haiphong ( Vietnamese : Hải Phòng )

1470-619: The cigarette and pharmaceutical industries. Shipbuilding, steel pipes, plastic pipes and textiles are among the industries with the most rapid growth. There are also growing industries supplying products used by existing industries in the city. PetroVietnam set up a joint-venture PVTex with textile manufacturer Vinatex to build Vietnam's first polyester fiber plant in Haiphong. The factory will use by-products from oil-refining and reduce reliance on imported materials. 270,600 people were employed in Haiphong's industry. 112,600 industrial jobs were created between 2000 and 2007. Despite its status as

1519-500: The city reached 56 288 billion. Government plans that to 2020, Haiphong's revenues will be over 80,000 billion and the domestic revenue reach 20.000 billion. In the ranking of the Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) 2013 of Vietnam, Haiphong city ranked at No. 15/63 provinces. Haiphong has relationship of trading goods with more than 40 countries and territories around the world. Haiphong is striving to become one of

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1568-583: The coast. The government had approved the plans to build an international port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the current port. Once completed this will be one of the deepest port in Vietnam with draft of 14m, capable of receiving ships up to 100.000 DWT . Haiphong station built in 1902 is the eastern terminus of the Kunming–Hai Phong Railway , also known as the Yunnan –Vietnam Railway. Built at by

1617-533: The course of history and share a number of typological similarities. The countries of mainland Southeast Asia received cultural influence from both India and China to varying degrees. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand are all influenced by Indian culture , only Vietnam is influenced by Chinese culture but still has minor influences from India, largely via the Champa civilization that Vietnam conquered during its southward expansion. Overall, Mainland Southeast Asia

1666-593: The deaths of three French soldiers. In retaliation, the French ships, among them the cruiser Suffren , shelled the city , setting it ablaze and precipitating the First Indochina War . French infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy entered the city, fighting house to house with the support of armored units and airplanes. Late in the Vietnam War , Haiphong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it

1715-933: The division of largely land-based lifestyles in Indochina and the sea-based lifestyles of the Indonesian archipelago and Philippine archipelago , as well as the dividing line between the Austroasiatic , Tai–Kadai , and Sino-Tibetan languages (spoken in Mainland Southeast Asia) and the Austronesian languages (spoken in Maritime Southeast Asia). The languages of the mainland form the Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area : although belonging to several independent language families, they have converged over

1764-504: The eve of the French conquest in 1881, a typhoon ravaged the area, killing about 3,000 people in and around Haiphong. Despite the damages, Haiphong was developed by the French to serve as Indochina 's main naval base over the ensuing decades. Following the defeat of Japan in World War II , Vietnamese nationalists agitated for independence against French return. French forces landed in Haiphong and encountered resistance which resulted in

1813-507: The largest commercial centers of the country. On Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index 2023, a key tool for evaluating the business environment in Vietnam’s provinces, Hai Phong received a score of 70.34. This was an improvement from 2022 in which the province received a score of 70.76. In 2023, the province received its highest scores on the 'Labor Policy' and 'Time Costs' criterion and lowest on 'Policy Bias' and ‘Transparency’. Industry

1862-461: The nation's average for urban areas. In the same census, the city's out-migration was 1.9% vs in-migration of 2.8% and, for a net migration rate of 0.9%. In 2012, Hải Phòng had 4 universities and academies, 17 colleges, 26 professional secondary schools, 56 high schools, and hundreds of other educational institutions ranging from elementary to preschool levels. Trần Phú High School in Hải Phòng holds

1911-403: The sector (around one fourth). Nam Định Province and Thái Bình Province have much larger fishing sectors and even the inland Hải Dương Province has a larger gross output from fishing than Haiphong. As of 2007, 315,500 were employed in agriculture and fishery, a significant decrease from 396,300 in 2000. However, these sectors still account for almost a third of total employment in Haiphong,

1960-620: The streets of other places like Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, but enjoying them on the Flamboyant City (the other name of Haiphong City) is still the most ideal because of the choice of raw ingredients and cooking secrets of local chefs. Hai Phong cuisine has been promoted to Europe at the Brest Maritime Festival 2008 (France) and resonated greatly. In addition, Hai Phong also has many other dishes such as mantis shrimp hot pot, bean sprouts salad, sủi dìn, bánh bèo (Haiphong's version, which

2009-549: The term Indo-Chinese to describe the area's inhabitants and their languages in 1808. Scholarly opinions at the time regarding China's and India's historical influence over the area were conflicting, and the term was itself controversial—Malte-Brun himself later argued against its use in a later edition of his Universal Geography , reasoning that it overemphasized Chinese influence, and suggested Chin-India instead. Nevertheless, Indo-China had already gained traction and soon supplanted alternative terms such as Further India and

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2058-775: The two cities by rail is approximately 3 hours. Hai Phong cuisine is known throughout Vietnam for seafood dishes. Seafood restaurants in the Do Son area are known for having very fresh and affordable shrimp, crab, fish, and squid. The style of seafood processing in Hai Phong follows a simple style, emphasizing the essence and freshness of ingredients themselves as opposed to the seasoning. Dishes such as bánh đa cua (red noodle soup with crab), bún cá (fish rice noodle soup), bánh mỳ que cay (spicy stick-bread), cơm cháy hải sản (crispy rice cracker with seafood), nem cua bể (square crab spring rolls) are notable and popular dishes. These dishes can be found on

2107-408: The way to the coast. A connecting road from route 5 to route 18 links Haiphong with Quảng Ninh Province . In 2015, the new highway connecting Haiphong with Hanoi was completed; this is the most modern highway in Vietnam and reduces the trip by one hour as compared to the previous route. Within the city there are several long-distance bus depots: Niem Nghia, Vinh Niem, Thuong Ly. A new highway route

2156-603: The west, Thái Bình Province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east. Bach Long Vi island, Cat Ba Island and the Long Châu islands, located in the Gulf, are also administered as part of the city. Tidal flat ecosystems occur adjacent to the city, however, many have been reclaimed for agriculture or development purposes. Haiphong features a humid subtropical climate (Koppen: Cwa) with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city

2205-452: Was North Vietnam 's only major port. U.S. Admiral Thomas H. Moorer ordered the mining of Haiphong harbor on 8 May 1972, effectively sealing the port. Until it was lifted, the mining caused no casualty. Despite being targeted, the physical structure of the city was mostly unaffected by the war as the US had a self-imposed prohibition zone for the city. After the war, the city recovered its role as

2254-413: Was completed last year 2016 to make the transfer faster and easier. From Hanoi to Haiphong and back, it takes less than 2 hours to reach not so long as 3 hours as before. Also shorten the distance from Haiphong to Thai Binh, Hai Duong, Hung Yen. Tourists can easily catch a coach from Niem Nghia bus station to Hanoi or Cat Ba island, either Quang Ninh, or South of Vietnam. The main airport serving Haiphong

2303-428: Was later adopted as the name of the colony of French Indochina (today's Cambodia , Laos , and Vietnam ). Today, the term Mainland Southeast Asia , in contrast to Maritime Southeast Asia , is more commonly referenced. In Indian sources, the earliest name connected with Southeast Asia is Yāvadvīpa  [ ms ] . Another possible early name of mainland Southeast Asia was Suvarṇabhūmi ("land of gold"),

2352-430: Was level 1 city, equal to Saigon and Hanoi. The last years of the 19th century, the French had proposed to build Haiphong into the economic capital of Indochina. Today, Haiphong is still one of the most important economic centers of Vietnam. In 2009, Haiphong state budget revenue reached 34,000 billion Vnd. In 2011, budget revenues in the city reached 47,725 billion, increase 19% compared to 2010. In 2015, total revenues of

2401-550: Was the home of Lê Chân, one of the female generals under the command of the Trưng Sisters who rose against Chinese domination in 40 AD and ruled until their defeat in 43 AD. Lê Chân was known to have established the Hải tần Phòng thủ (“Defenced Sea-coast”) during the war against general Ma Yuan of the Han dynasty . Centuries later under the reign of Nguyễn Emperor Tự Đức , the area earned

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