Misplaced Pages

#692307

53-460: (Redirected from Nexus-7 ) For the fictional Nexus-7 androids in the Blade Runner film series, see Replicant . Nexus 7 is a series of Android -based mini tablet computers co-developed by Google , and may refer to: Nexus 7 (2012) , the first generation Nexus 7 (2013) , the second generation [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with

106-471: A Van de Graaff generator or other highly charged object, care must be taken to release the object and then discharge the body through a high resistance, in order to avoid the risk of a harmful shock pulse when stepping away. Very high electric field strengths can cause breakdown of the air and a potentially lethal arc current similar to lightning to flow, but electric field strengths of up to 200 kV/m are regarded as safe. According to research from Edd Gent,

159-464: A "cushion or pillow for their emotions." Nexus-6 units were designed to have a four-year lifespan to avoid emotional development, and all attempts to increase a replicant's lifespan have resulted in death. According to Deckard, a normal replicant can usually be discovered using the Voight-Kampff test within 20–30 questions, though Rachael answers over one hundred questions before Deckard determines she

212-482: A 2019 report by the Electric Power Research Institute , which is funded by utility companies, found that a large EMP attack would probably cause regional blackouts but not a nationwide grid failure and that recovery times would be similar to those of other large-scale outages. It is not known how long these electrical blackouts would last, or what extent of damage would occur across the country. It

265-451: A characteristic damped sine wave . Visually it is shown as a high frequency sine wave growing and decaying within the longer-lived envelope of the double-exponential curve. A damped sinewave typically has much lower energy and a narrower frequency spread than the original pulse, due to the transfer characteristic of the coupling mode. In practice, EMP test equipment often injects these damped sinewaves directly rather than attempting to recreate

318-491: A circuit causes an abrupt change in the current flowing. This can in turn cause a large pulse in the electric field across the open contacts, causing arcing and damage. It is often necessary to incorporate design features to limit such effects. Electronic devices such as vacuum tubes or valves, transistors, and diodes can also switch on and off very quickly, causing similar issues. One-off pulses may be caused by solid-state switches and other devices used only occasionally. However,

371-430: A common problem in the mid-twentieth century was interference emitted by the ignition systems of gasoline engines, which caused radio sets to crackle and TV sets to show stripes on the screen. CISPR 25 was established to set threshold standards that vehicles must meet for electromagnetic interference(EMI) emissions. At a high voltage level an EMP can induce a spark, for example from an electrostatic discharge when fuelling

424-530: A controlled EMP to wipe such magnetic media. A very large EMP event, such as a lightning strike or an air bursted nuclear weapon, is also capable of damaging objects such as trees, buildings and aircraft directly, either through heating effects or the disruptive effects of the very large magnetic field generated by the current. An indirect effect can be electrical fires caused by heating. Most engineered structures and systems require some form of protection against lightning to be designed in. A good means of protection

477-523: A few exceptions, such as a solar magnetic flare . A pulse of electromagnetic energy typically comprises many frequencies from very low to some upper limit depending on the source. The range defined as EMP, sometimes referred to as "DC [direct current] to daylight", excludes the highest frequencies comprising the optical ( infrared , visible , ultraviolet ) and ionizing ( X and gamma rays ) ranges. Some types of EMP events can leave an optical trail, such as lightning and sparks, but these are side effects of

530-565: A gasoline-engined vehicle. Such sparks have been known to cause fuel-air explosions and precautions must be taken to prevent them. A large and energetic EMP can induce high currents and voltages in the victim unit, temporarily disrupting its function or even permanently damaging it. A powerful EMP can also directly affect magnetic materials and corrupt the data stored on media such as magnetic tape and computer hard drives . Hard drives are usually shielded by heavy metal casings. Some IT asset disposal service providers and computer recyclers use

583-406: A high-voltage pulse, besides giving people an unpleasant shock. Such an ESD event can also create sparks, which may in turn ignite fires or fuel-vapour explosions. For this reason, before refueling an aircraft or exposing any fuel vapor to the air, the fuel nozzle is first connected to the aircraft to safely discharge any static. The switching action of an electrical circuit creates a sharp change in

SECTION 10

#1732883736693

636-482: A human, though Rachael's near-passing the test casts doubt on its infallibility. He collects photographs, yet has no obvious family beyond a reference to his ex-wife (who called him a "cold fish"). The film's Supervising Editor Terry Rawlings remembers that Scott "purposefully put Harrison in the background of the shot, and slightly out of focus, so that you'd only notice his eyes were glowing if you were paying attention... Ridley himself may have definitely felt that Deckard

689-506: A large low-inductance capacitor bank discharged into a single-loop antenna, a microwave generator, and an explosively pumped flux compression generator . To achieve the frequency characteristics of the pulse needed for optimal coupling into the target, wave -shaping circuits or microwave generators are added between the pulse source and the antenna . Vircators are vacuum tubes that are particularly suitable for microwave conversion of high-energy pulses. NNEMP generators can be carried as

742-547: A new line of Nexus-9 replicants. They also have an open lifespan, but were designed to be unable to resist orders given by a human. The demonstrated effectiveness of Nexus-9 programming, combined with the solving of a global food crisis, allowed for a successful push for the ban on replicant production to be lifted. By 2049, Nexus-9 replicants are extensively used across Earth and the off-world colonies. Special police units are tasked with tracking down any that might go rogue, as well as any remaining Nexus-8s still in hiding (Nexus-7

795-409: A nuclear weapon in orbit over the western United States to create an electromagnetic pulse . The pulse destroyed most records about replicants, making it difficult for humans to track them down on Earth, but the attack led to mass purges and complete shutdown of Nexus-8 production (though many existing units were able to go into hiding in the chaos). In 2036, genetic engineer Niander Wallace designed

848-565: A payload of bombs, cruise missiles (such as the CHAMP missile) and drones , with diminished mechanical, thermal and ionizing radiation effects, but without the consequences of deploying nuclear weapons. The range of NNEMP weapons is much less than nuclear EMP. Nearly all NNEMP devices used as weapons require chemical explosives as their initial energy source, producing only one millionth the energy of nuclear explosives of similar weight. The electromagnetic pulse from NNEMP weapons must come from within

901-468: A range of frequencies. Pulses are typically characterized by: The frequency spectrum and the pulse waveform are interrelated via the Fourier transform which describes how component waveforms may sum to the observed frequency spectrum. EMP energy may be transferred in any of four forms: According to Maxwell's equations , a pulse of electric energy will always be accompanied by a pulse of magnetic energy. In

954-494: A replicant model capable of procreation. Niander Wallace, CEO of the company that produced replicants, captures Deckard and muses that his falling in love with Rachael seemed too perfect, suggesting that Deckard was designed to fall in love with Rachael as part of Tyrell's experiment to develop replicants that can procreate, but with Tyrell dead and the records destroyed, he will never know. Electromagnetic pulse The first recorded damage from an electromagnetic pulse came with

1007-525: A replicant's nonverbal responses differ from those of a human. Failing the test leads to execution, which is euphemistically referred to as "retiring". Several models of replicant were produced. The first seen model, the Nexus-6, has a four-year lifespan. The successor model, the Nexus-7, were limited experimental models with the ability to procreate. Nexus-8 and Nexus-9 replicants also have open-ended lifespans, but

1060-528: A specialized version of a Marx generator . Examples include the huge wooden-structured ATLAS-I simulator (also known as TRESTLE) at Sandia National Labs , New Mexico, which was at one time the world's largest EMP simulator. Papers on this and other large EMP simulators used by the United States during the latter part of the Cold War , along with more general information about electromagnetic pulses, are now in

1113-415: A typical pulse, either the electric or the magnetic form will dominate. It can be shown that the non-linear Maxwell's equations can have time-dependent self-similar electromagnetic shock wave solutions where the electric and the magnetic field components have a discontinuity. In general, only radiation acts over long distances, with the magnetic and electric fields acting over short distances. There are

SECTION 20

#1732883736693

1166-456: Is a Faraday shield designed to protect certain items from being destroyed. Like any electromagnetic interference , the threat from EMP is subject to control measures. This is true whether the threat is natural or man-made. Therefore, most control measures focus on the susceptibility of equipment to EMP effects, and hardening or protecting it from harm. Man-made sources, other than weapons, are also subject to control measures in order to limit

1219-403: Is a double-exponential curve which climbs steeply, quickly reaches a peak and then decays more slowly. However, pulses from a controlled switching circuit often approximate the form of a rectangular or "square" pulse. EMP events usually induce a corresponding signal in the surrounding environment or material. Coupling usually occurs most strongly over a relatively narrow frequency band, leading to

1272-418: Is a human or a replicant. This ties into one of the central themes of the film: the nature of humanity. Ultimately, the important point is not whether Deckard is a replicant but that the ambiguity blurs the line between humans and replicants. Harrison Ford , who played Deckard in the film, has said that he did not think Deckard is a replicant, and that he and director Ridley Scott had discussions that ended in

1325-400: Is a replicant, but still, by the end of the picture, he intended to leave it up to the viewer." The sequel, Blade Runner 2049 , revisited the question while leaving the answer deliberately ambiguous. The film reveals that Deckard was able to conceive a child with Rachael, and this was possible because she was an experimental prototype (designated Nexus-7), the first and only attempt to design

1378-449: Is a replicant. The second film further develops Rachael's origin, and gives significantly more details about her radical design. It revealed that she was an experimental model of replicant with a high percentage of human organs, including human reproductive organs, and that Rachael conceived a child with Deckard. As Rachael died during childbirth, her possible survival beyond the four years was undetermined. The sequel, Blade Runner 2049 ,

1431-455: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Replicant A replicant is a fictional bioengineered humanoid featured in the 1982 film Blade Runner and the 2017 sequel Blade Runner 2049 which is physically indistinguishable from an adult human and often possesses superhuman strength and intelligence. A replicant can be detected by means of the fictional Voight-Kampff test in which emotional responses are provoked;

1484-658: Is possible that neighboring countries of the U.S. could also be affected by such an attack, depending on the targeted area and people. According to an article from Naureen Malik, with North Korea's increasingly successful missile and warhead tests in mind, Congress moved to renew funding for the Commission to Assess the Threat to the U.S. from Electromagnetic Pulse Attack as part of the National Defense Authorization Act . According to research from Yoshida Reiji, in

1537-438: Is set thirty years after the original. In the intervening 30 years, several new replicant lines were introduced. The sequel retroactively establishes that Rachael was part of a short-lived prototype line of replicants designated Nexus-7, which was not only intended as a test to make replicants more mentally stable with implanted memories, but also to develop replicants capable of procreation. Rachael died in childbirth in 2021, and

1590-461: Is to use a current clamp in reverse, to inject a range of damped sine wave signals into a cable connected to the equipment under test. The damped sine wave generator is able to reproduce the range of induced signals likely to occur. Sometimes the threat pulse itself is simulated in a repeatable way. The pulse may be reproduced at low energy in order to characterise the subject's response prior to damped sinewave injection, or at high energy to recreate

1643-528: The Earth's surface. The explosion releases a blast of gamma rays into the mid- stratosphere , which ionizes as a secondary effect and the resultant energetic free electrons interact with the Earth's magnetic field to produce a much stronger EMP than is normally produced in the denser air at lower altitudes. Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) is a weapon-generated electromagnetic pulse without use of nuclear technology. Devices that can achieve this objective include

Nexus 7 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1696-480: The Nexus-9 line was incapable of disobeying human orders. In his novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (the inspiration for Blade Runner ), Philip K. Dick used the term android (or "andy"), but director Ridley Scott wanted a new term to avoid audience preconceptions. As David Peoples was re-writing the screenplay, he consulted his daughter, who was involved in microbiology and biochemistry, who suggested

1749-501: The actual threat conditions. A small-scale ESD simulator may be hand-held. Bench- or room-sized simulators come in a range of designs, depending on the type and level of threat to be generated. At the top end of the scale, large outdoor test facilities incorporating high-energy EMP simulators have been built by several countries. The largest facilities are able to test whole vehicles including ships and aircraft for their susceptibility to EMP. Nearly all of these large EMP simulators used

1802-512: The agreement that the character was human. According to several interviews with director Ridley Scott, Deckard is a replicant. When asked in October 2012 about the possibility of a Blade Runner sequel, Scott said, "It's not a rumor—it's happening. With Harrison Ford? I don't know yet. Is he too old? Well, he was a Nexus-6, so we don't know how long he can live. And that's all I'm going to say at this stage." Author Will Brooker has written that

1855-436: The amount of pulse energy emitted. The discipline of ensuring correct equipment operation in the presence of EMP and other RF threats is known as electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). To test the effects of EMP on engineered systems and equipment, an EMP simulator may be used. Induced pulses are of much lower energy than threat pulses and so are more practicable to create, but they are less predictable. A common test technique

1908-617: The care of the SUMMA Foundation, which is hosted at the University of New Mexico. The US Navy also has a large facility called the Electro Magnetic Pulse Radiation Environmental Simulator for Ships I (EMPRESS I). High-level EMP signals can pose a threat to human safety. In such circumstances, direct contact with a live electrical conductor should be avoided. Where this occurs, such as when touching

1961-618: The child was hidden by the replicant underground. Tyrell was killed during the events of the first movie in November 2019, and the secret of producing replicants capable of procreation died with him. In 2020, the Tyrell Corporation introduced the Nexus-8 replicant, whose lifespans were not limited to four years. The Nexus-8 went into mass production, but a new wave of replicant rebellions occurred, culminating in rogue Nexus-8 replicants detonating

2014-519: The current flow through the air and are not part of the EMP itself. The waveform of a pulse describes how its instantaneous amplitude (field strength or current) changes over time. Real pulses tend to be quite complicated, so simplified models are often used. Such a model is typically described either in a diagram or as a mathematical equation. Most electromagnetic pulses have a very sharp leading edge, building up quickly to their maximum level. The classic model

2067-497: The explosively pumped flux compression generator for generating a non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse was conceived as early as 1951 by Andrei Sakharov in the Soviet Union, but nations kept work on non-nuclear EMP classified until similar ideas emerged in other nations. Minor EMP events, and especially pulse trains, cause low levels of electrical noise or interference which can affect the operation of susceptible devices. For example,

2120-450: The film focuses on the pursuit of the replicants by Rick Deckard, a type of fictional police officer called a "Blade Runner", who investigates, tests, and executes replicants. Escaped replicants (all Nexus-6 models): Other replicants: While Deckard discusses Rachael with Tyrell, Tyrell states that to better control replicants he started to implant false memories to give them the years of experiences that humans take for granted, creating

2173-413: The flow of electricity. This sharp change is a form of EMP. Simple electrical sources include inductive loads such as relays, solenoids, and brush contacts in electric motors. These typically send a pulse down any electrical connections present, as well as radiating a pulse of energy. The amplitude is usually small and the signal may be treated as "noise" or "interference". The switching off or "opening" of

Nexus 7 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2226-429: The high-energy threat pulses. In a pulse train, such as from a digital clock circuit, the waveform is repeated at regular intervals. A single complete pulse cycle is sufficient to characterise such a regular, repetitive train. An EMP arises where the source emits a short-duration pulse of energy. The energy is usually broadband by nature, although it often excites a relatively narrow-band damped sine wave response in

2279-404: The illusion of humanity. Sammon also suggests that Nexus-7 replicants may not have a set lifespan (i.e., they could be immortal, ruling out the lifespan as a determining trait). He goes on to propose that Scott thought it would be more provocative to imply that Deckard is a replicant. In Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? , Deckard was subjected to the Voight-Kampff test and passed, marking as

2332-458: The main pulse, which in turn may be followed at intervals by several smaller bursts. ESD events are characterized by high voltages of many kV, but small currents sometimes cause visible sparks. ESD is treated as a small, localized phenomenon, although technically a lightning flash is a very large ESD event. ESD can also be man-made, as in the shock received from a Van de Graaff generator . An ESD event can damage electronic circuitry by injecting

2385-504: The many millions of transistors in a modern computer may switch repeatedly at frequencies above 1  GHz, causing interference that appears to be continuous. A nuclear electromagnetic pulse is the abrupt pulse of electromagnetic radiation resulting from a nuclear explosion . The resulting rapidly changing electric fields and magnetic fields may couple with electrical/electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges . The intense gamma radiation emitted can also ionize

2438-464: The same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nexus_7&oldid=1187828656 " Category : Set index articles Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

2491-482: The solar storm of August 1859, or the Carrington Event . In modern warfare, weapons delivering a high energy EMP are designed to disrupt communications equipment, the computers needed to operate modern warplanes, or even put the entire electrical network of a target country out of commission. An electromagnetic pulse is a short surge of electromagnetic energy. Its short duration means that it will be spread over

2544-399: The surrounding air, creating a secondary EMP as the atoms of air first lose their electrons and then regain them. NEMP weapons are designed to maximize such EMP effects as the primary damage mechanism, and some are capable of destroying susceptible electronic equipment over a wide area. A high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) weapon is a NEMP warhead designed to be detonated far above

2597-403: The surrounding environment. Some types are generated as repetitive and regular pulse trains . Different types of EMP arise from natural, man-made, and weapons effects. Types of natural EMP events include: Types of (civil) man-made EMP events include: Types of military EMP include: Lightning is unusual in that it typically has a preliminary "leader" discharge of low energy building up to

2650-399: The term "replicating", the biological process of a cell making a copy of itself. From that, either Peoples or Scott came up with replicant , and it was inserted into Hampton Fancher 's screenplay. Prior to the events of the film, replicants became illegal on Earth after a bloody off-world mutiny. Six replicants escaped the off-world colonies, killing 23 people and taking a shuttle to Earth;

2703-471: The unicorn dream may not be unique to Deckard and that it may be a personal touch added to some or all of the Nexus-6 replicants' brains. From this, one might also infer that Gaff is a replicant and shares the same embedded memory. Paul Sammon, author of Future Noir: The Making of Blade Runner , has suggested in interviews that Deckard may be a Nexus-7 model, which possesses no superhuman strength or intelligence but does have neurological features that complete

SECTION 50

#1732883736693

2756-423: The weapon, while nuclear weapons generate EMP as a secondary effect. These facts limit the range of NNEMP weapons, but allow finer target discrimination. The effect of small e-bombs has proven to be sufficient for certain terrorist or military operations. Examples of such operations include the destruction of electronic control systems critical to the operation of many ground vehicles and aircraft. The concept of

2809-405: Was never mass-produced, and all the Nexus-6 models died of old age decades before). These police units are once again called Blade Runners, but are now composed of self-aware replicants with implanted memories, though they are fully aware that they are replicants and that their memories are artificial. A primary element of the Blade Runner film is the ambiguity over whether the protagonist, Deckard,

#692307