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100-569: The Newport Artillery was the first chartered independent unit in the Rhode Island Militia. Unlike most colonial era militia units, which served under officers commissioned by the governor, the Newport Artillery was granted the right to elect its own officers. It also had the privilege of being subject only to the orders of the governor, rather than the appointed officers in the colony's militia structure. After receiving its charter from

200-622: A prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 ( O.S. ) until his death in 1760. Born and brought up in northern Germany , George is the most recent British monarch born outside Great Britain. The Act of Settlement 1701 and the Acts of Union 1707 positioned his grandmother Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant descendants to inherit the British throne. George married Princess Caroline of Ansbach , with whom he had eight children. After

300-679: A generous civil list (a fixed annual amount set by Parliament for the king's official expenditure) of £800,000, equivalent to £141,200,000 today. Walpole commanded a substantial majority in Parliament and George had little choice but to retain him or risk ministerial instability. Compton was ennobled as Lord Wilmington the following year. Walpole directed domestic policy, and after the resignation of Lord Townshend in 1730 also controlled George's foreign policy. Historians generally believe that George played an honorific role in Britain, and closely followed

400-509: A male householder with no wife present, and 38.6% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.44. The median age in the village was 54.7 years. 15.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 2.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 15.1% were from 25 to 44; 38.4% were from 45 to 64; and 29% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

500-533: A railroad bridge connecting the towns of Portsmouth and Tiverton from April to June 1917. A former commander of the company, Colonel Alvin A. Barker, was placed in command of the Rhode Island State Guard (RISG). The RISG was formed to replace National Guard units which had been called into Federal service. the RISG consisted of 16 companies spread throughout the state. The Newport Artillery formed Company F of

600-511: A section of the island was plowed. In 1679, Robert LaSalle and thirty-two of his men were the first to sail a large vessel in the Great Lakes : the Griffon . They would transport fur and pelts from Green Bay, Wisconsin to Queensland, Ontario. Stopping at Middle Bass Island, they found unique undiscovered flowers. They named the island Isle des Fleurs because of the flowers; this name was used for

700-486: A social event to disprove the gossip-mongers. When the Prince of Wales applied to Parliament for an increase in his allowance, an open quarrel broke out. The King, who had a reputation for stinginess, offered a private settlement, which Frederick rejected. Parliament voted against the measure, but George reluctantly increased his son's allowance on Walpole's advice. Further friction between them followed when Frederick excluded

800-452: Is 352 feet (107 m) tall and made up of 78 layers of pink granite, topped with an eleven ton (10 metric ton ) bronze urn. Its height makes it the highest open-air observatory operated by the U.S. National Park Service. The remains of six naval officers, three Britons and three Americans, were interred beneath the floor of the monument's rotunda. As of the census of 2010, there were 138 people, 70 households, and 43 families residing in

900-410: Is better than deception, "His temper was warm and impetuous, but he was good-natured and sincere. Unskilled in the royal talent of dissimulation, he always was what he appeared to be. He might offend, but he never deceived." Lord Waldegrave wrote, "I am thoroughly convinced that hereafter, when time shall have wore away those specks and blemishes which sully the brightest characters, and from which no man

1000-474: Is gone. I know I did not love my children when they were young: I hated to have them running into my room; but now I love them as well as most fathers." In 1754 Pelham died, to be succeeded by his elder brother, Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle. Hostility between France and Britain, particularly over the colonization of North America , continued. Fearing a French invasion of Hanover, George aligned himself with Prussia (ruled by his nephew, Frederick

1100-574: Is the senior unit. It officers are elected by its members and commissioned by the Governor of Rhode Island . It is also a member of the Centennial Legion of Historic Military Commands, which is composed of military organizations pre-dating 1876. It is currently very active and participates in many ceremonial events each year. The official name of the company on its 1741 charter is "The Artillery Company of Town of Newport". In common practice, however,

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1200-407: Is totally exempt, he will be numbered amongst those patriot kings, under whose government the people have enjoyed the greatest happiness". George may not have played a major role in history, but he was influential at times and he upheld constitutional government. Elizabeth Montagu said of him, "With him our laws and liberties were safe, he possessed in a great degree the confidence of his people and

1300-651: The Act of Settlement 1701 , therefore, the English Parliament designated Anne's closest Protestant blood relations , George's grandmother Sophia and her descendants, as Anne's heirs in England and Ireland. Consequently, after his grandmother and father, George was third in line to succeed Anne in two of her three realms. He was naturalized as an English subject in 1705 by the Sophia Naturalization Act , and in 1706 he

1400-606: The Battle of Bull Run in July and was mustered out of Federal service in August. Individual members of Company F volunteered for service with other regiments after they were mustered out of service in August 1861. Members of the Company who were unable to serve in Company F were designated as the "Old Guard" and garrisoned Fort Adams guarding the entrance to Newport Harbor from April to May 1861 when

1500-658: The Battle of Oudenarde in the vanguard of the Hanoverian cavalry; his horse and a colonel immediately beside him were killed, but George survived unharmed. The British commander, Marlborough , wrote that George "distinguished himself extremely, charging at the head of and animating by his example [the Hanoverian] troops, who played a good part in this happy victory". Between 1709 and 1713 George and Caroline had three daughters: Anne , Amelia , and Caroline . By 1714 Queen Anne's health had declined, and British Whigs , who supported

1600-547: The Battle of Plassey . George's son William commanded the King's troops in northern Germany. In 1757 Hanover was invaded and George gave his son full powers to conclude a separate peace, but by September George was furious at William's negotiated settlement , which he felt greatly favoured the French. George said his son had "ruined me and disgraced himself". William, by his own choice, resigned his military offices, and George revoked

1700-745: The Catholic claimant to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart , led by James's son , attempted and failed to depose George in the last of the Jacobite rebellions in 1745 . Prince Frederick died suddenly in 1751, before his father, and George was succeeded by Frederick's eldest son, George III . For two centuries after George II's death, historians tended to view him with disdain, concentrating on his mistresses, short temper, and boorishness. Since then, reassessment of his legacy has led scholars to conclude that he exercised more influence in foreign policy and military appointments than previously thought. George

1800-601: The National Guard . The Newport Artillery Company, along with several other Rhode Island Militia units, decided to retain the privilege under their charter of electing their own officers and voted not to become a unit of the Rhode Island National Guard . In September 1913 the company, led by Colonel Frank P. King, went to Put in Bay, Ohio to celebrate the centennial of the Battle of Lake Erie . Unfortunately, many of

1900-639: The United States Census Bureau , the village has a total area of 0.63 square miles (1.63 km ), of which 0.45 square miles (1.17 km ) is land and 0.18 square miles (0.47 km ) is water. The first known people to use the island were various groups of Native American tribes, including the Ottawas , Miamis , Shawnee , Senecas , Iroquois , and the Eries . The island provided shelter during crossings of Lake Erie . Some remains were discovered when

2000-689: The War of Jenkins' Ear , became part of the War of the Austrian Succession when a major European dispute broke out upon the death of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1740. At issue was the right of Charles's daughter, Maria Theresa , to succeed to his Austrian dominions. George spent the summers of 1740 and 1741 in Hanover, where he was more able to intervene directly in European diplomatic affairs in his capacity as elector. Prince Frederick campaigned actively for

2100-407: The British fleet caught by surprise. By around 3:00 of that day Perry and his fleet had defeated the British, who lost control of Lake Erie along with their entire fleet of six ships. This event was a major turning point in the war. Two iconic American Navy slogans originated from these events: "Dont Give Up The Ship" and "We have met the enemy and they are ours.". Between 1820 and 1830 the island

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2200-653: The British: Detroit had surrendered to them, and all American invasions of Canada had been repulsed. On September 10, 1813, Captain Robert H. Barclay, the commander of the British ships, was seen by a lookout on Perry's flagship, the Lawrence . Perry and his fleet hid behind the Bass Islands and waited for the British to unknowingly cross their path. The battle began at 11:45 in the morning about eight miles away from Put-in-Bay, with

2300-478: The Chicago market", from 1862 until his death in 1895. His brother Owen also lived there before moving to Pasadena, California . Put-in-Bay is the site of Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial commemorating Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry 's September 10, 1813, naval victory over British ships in the War of 1812 . Construction of the monument began in 1912 and it opened to the public on June 13, 1915. It

2400-521: The Duke at the christening, which the Duke misunderstood as a challenge to a duel. George and Caroline were temporarily confined to their apartments on the order of the King, who subsequently banished his son from St James's Palace , the King's residence. The Prince and Princess of Wales left court, but their children remained in the care of the King. George and Caroline missed their children, and were desperate to see them. On one occasion, they secretly visited

2500-593: The Elder as Secretary of State for the Southern Department . In April the following year George dismissed Pitt in an attempt to construct an administration more to his liking. Over the succeeding three months attempts to form another stable ministerial combination failed. In June Lord Waldegrave held the seals of office for only four days. By the start of July, Pitt was recalled and Newcastle returned as prime minister. As Secretary of State, Pitt guided policy relating to

2600-541: The Elder in the Cabinet, which would have broadened the government's support base. The King disliked Pitt because he had previously opposed government policy and attacked measures seen as pro-Hanoverian. In February 1746, Pelham and his followers resigned. George asked Lord Bath and Carteret to form an administration , but after less than 48 hours they returned the seals of office, unable to secure sufficient parliamentary support. Pelham returned to office triumphant, and George

2700-539: The Fleet Earl Mountbatten of Burma , Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein , HM King Hussein of Jordan , HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and HRH Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester . The museum also contains several artillery pieces including four bronze cannons cast for the state of Rhode Island by Paul Revere in 1798 and a portrait of President George Washington by Jane Stuart (daughter of Gilbert Stuart ). A letter from President Washington to

2800-484: The French reneged on a promise of help. Losing morale, the Jacobites retreated back into Scotland. On 16/27 April 1746, Charles faced George's military-minded son Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, in the Battle of Culloden , the last pitched battle fought on British soil. The ravaged Jacobite troops were routed by the government army. Charles escaped to France, but many of his supporters were caught and executed. Jacobitism

2900-559: The Great ), Austria's enemy. Russia and France allied with Austria, their former enemy. A French invasion of the British-held island of Minorca led to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War in 1756. Public disquiet over British failures at the start of the conflict led to Newcastle's resignation and the appointment of William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire , as prime minister and William Pitt

3000-588: The Hanoverian succession, thought it prudent for one of the Hanoverians to live in England to safeguard the Protestant succession on Anne's death. As George was a peer of the realm (as Duke of Cambridge), it was suggested that he be summoned to Parliament to sit in the House of Lords . Both Anne and George's father refused to support the plan, although George, Caroline, and Sophia were all in favour. George did not go. Within

3100-505: The Holy Roman Empire". When George became Prince of Wales in 1714, he was granted the royal arms with an inescutcheon of gules plain in the Hanoverian quarter differenced overall by a label of three points argent . The crest included the single arched coronet of his rank. As king, he used the royal arms as used by his father undifferenced. Caroline's ten or eleven pregnancies resulted in eight live births. One of

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3200-405: The King and Queen from the birth of his daughter in July 1737 by bundling his wife, who was in labour, into a coach and driving off in the middle of the night. George banished him and his family from the royal court, much as his own father had done to him, except that he allowed Frederick to retain custody of his children. Soon afterwards, George's wife Caroline died on 20 November 1737 (O.S.). He

3300-651: The Newport Artillery Company is currently on display at the Museum of Newport History . The Newport Artillery's armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. George II of Great Britain George II (George Augustus; German : Georg August ; 30 October / 9 November 1683  – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( Hanover ) and

3400-640: The Old Pretender's son, Charles Edward Stuart , popularly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender, landed in Scotland, where support for his cause was highest. George, who was summering in Hanover, returned to London at the end of August. The Jacobites defeated British forces in September at the Battle of Prestonpans , and then moved south into England. The Jacobites failed to gain further support, and

3500-667: The RISG. The RISG was disbanded after Rhode Island National Guard units were demobilized following the implementation of the Armistice on November 11, 1918. After the First World War, the Company entered a period of slow decline and was not activated during the Second World War. It was rejuvenated in the early 1960s under the leadership of tobacco heir, and Newport resident, Louis Lorillard. Outfitted with Colonial style uniforms and using original cannons, cast by Paul Revere in 1798,

3600-539: The Realm", to govern in his father's absence. He made a royal progress through Chichester , Havant , Portsmouth , and Guildford in southern England. Spectators were allowed to see him dine in public at Hampton Court Palace . An attempt on his life at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane , in which one person was shot dead before the assailant was brought under control, boosted his high public profile. The King distrusted or

3700-628: The Rhode Island General Assembly during the reign of King George II in 1741, members of the Newport Artillery served in the French and Indian War and was led by elite members of the community. Its first commanding officer was Captain Jahleel Brenton (1691-1767). Captain Brenton was the grandson of Governor William Brenton and the father of Jahleel Brenton, Jr. who became a rear admiral in

3800-647: The Royal Navy. During the American Revolution , the British Army occupied Newport for almost three years starting in December 1776. As the members of the company had divided loyalties, the company became inactive until 1792 when Francis Malbone , who was elected to Congress the same year, asked the Rhode Island General Assembly to recognize the validity of the company's 1741 charter. The Assembly found no reason that

3900-808: The Summer Pops Concert in Westerly, Rhode Island, and the June Day election ceremony of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts in Boston. The company traditionally fires a 21-gun salute to the nation every 4 July at noon at Washington Square in Newport. In 2016 the company celebrated its 275th anniversary. The Newport Artillery is a unit of the Chartered Commands of the Rhode Island Militia, of which it

4000-716: The advice of Walpole and senior ministers, who made the major decisions. Although the King was eager for war in Europe, his ministers were more cautious. A truce was agreed in the Anglo-Spanish War , and George unsuccessfully pressed Walpole to join the War of the Polish Succession on the side of the German states. In April 1733 Walpole withdrew the unpopular Excise Bill that had attracted strong opposition, including from within his own party. George lent Walpole support by dismissing

4100-509: The age of 43. George II decided not to travel to Germany for his father's funeral, which far from bringing criticism led to praise from the English who considered it proof of his fondness for England. He suppressed his father's will because it attempted to split the Hanoverian succession between George II's future grandsons rather than vest all the domains (both British and Hanoverian) in a single person. Both British and Hanoverian ministers considered

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4200-686: The armory was extended about 50 feet west. It was heavily damaged by a fire in 1906. When the armory was rebuilt later that same year, the second story was added. The armory houses a museum which features an extensive collection of military uniforms from over 50 different nations. The museum also features the uniforms of prominent individuals such as Medal of Honor recipient General David M. Shoup , General Colin Powell , General Creighton Abrams , General William Westmoreland , Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz , Admiral Cameron Winslow , Colonel Katherine Amelia Towle , President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, Admiral of

4300-498: The bill's opponents from their court offices . George II's relationship with his son Frederick, Prince of Wales , worsened during the 1730s. Frederick had been left behind in Germany when his parents came to England, and they had not met for 14 years. In 1728, he was brought to England, and swiftly became a figurehead of the political opposition. When George visited Hanover in the summers of 1729, 1732 and 1735, he left his wife to chair

4400-616: The charge against the Dorr defenses, because of this the unit has the right of line in any parade in Rhode Island to this day. During the American Civil War, the company was mustered into Federal service as Company F of the 1st Rhode Island Infantry (a.k.a. 1st Rhode Island Detached Militia) in April 1861 under the command of Captain (later Brevet Brigadier General) George W. Tew. It fought at

4500-446: The charter was invalid and Malbone was elected captain (i.e. commanding officer) of the company. Members of the company followed Newport native Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry to Put-in-Bay, Ohio and fought at the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813. In 1814, during the War of 1812 , the company was activated and garrisoned Fort Greene in the Point section of Newport. The company

4600-444: The community with Catawba Island , Kelleys Island , Port Clinton , and Sandusky, Ohio . The bay played a significant role in the War of 1812 as the location of the squadron of U.S. naval commander Oliver Hazard Perry , who sailed from the port on September 10, 1813, to engage a British squadron just north of the island in the Battle of Lake Erie . Put-in-Bay is located 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Sandusky. According to

4700-611: The company began to participate in many military and historic events. During the Bicentennial celebrations in the mid-1970s the Company played a prominent role in many events which included serving as the honor guard to Queen Elizabeth II when she visited Newport in July 1976. Over the next few decades the company has participated in a number of annual events, including the Gaspee Days Parade in Pawtuxet Village, Rhode Island;

4800-418: The company could supplement the fort's garrison in the event Newport was attacked. A number of members of the Company enlisted in the 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry Regiment which served stateside from 1898 to 1899. The Dick Act of 1903 required that state militia units, in order to receive Federal funding and equipment, would have to conform to Federal military regulations in order to be integrated in

4900-544: The company is referred to as the "Artillery Company of Newport", the "Newport Artillery Company" or the "Newport Artillery". The company's stone and brick armory building, located at 23 Clarke Street in Newport, was constructed in 1835 in the Greek Revival style. The work was overseen by master stonemason Alexander McGregor who came to the United States from Scotland in 1825 to construct Fort Adams in Newport. About 1875

5000-406: The company's members were sickened by food poisoning during the trip. The company purchased historic reproduction uniforms for the occasion. These uniforms became the basis for Company's colonial uniform which is currently worn. As the company was not part of the National Guard it was not called into Federal service during the First World War. It was, however, called into state service and guarded

5100-413: The concessions demanded by the other, and the idea was shelved. Instead, the prince married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha in April 1736. In May 1736, George returned to Hanover, which resulted in unpopularity in England; a satirical notice was even pinned to the gates of St James's Palace decrying his absence. "Lost or strayed out of this house", it read, "a man who has left a wife and six children on

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5200-468: The couple's children died in infancy, and seven lived to adulthood. Put in Bay, Ohio Put-in-Bay is a resort village located on South Bass Island in Put-in-Bay Township , Ottawa County, Ohio , United States, 85 miles (137 km) west of Cleveland and 35 miles (56 km) east of Toledo . The population was 154 at the 2020 census . The village is a popular summer resort and recreational destination. Ferry and airline services connect

5300-401: The deaths of George's grandmother and Anne, Queen of Great Britain , George's father, the Elector of Hanover , ascended the British throne as George I in 1714. In the first years of his father's reign as king, Prince George was associated with opposition politicians until they rejoined the governing party. As king from 1727, George exercised little control over British domestic policy, which

5400-487: The economic disaster of the South Sea Bubble allowed Walpole to rise to the pinnacle of government. Walpole and his Whig Party were dominant in politics, as the King feared that the Tories would not support the succession laid down in the Act of Settlement . The power of the Whigs was so great that the Tories would not hold power for another half-century. George I died on 11/22 June 1727 during one of his visits to Hanover, and his son succeeded him as king and elector at

5500-508: The electorate. The British army had not fought in a major European war in over 20 years, and the government had badly neglected its upkeep. George had pushed for greater professionalism in the ranks, and promotion by merit rather than by sale of commissions , but without much success. An allied force of Austrian, British, Dutch, Hanoverian and Hessian troops engaged the French at the Battle of Dettingen on 16/27 June 1743. George personally accompanied them, leading them to victory, thus becoming

5600-409: The first university in the Electorate of Hanover , and visited it in 1748. The asteroid 359 Georgia was named in his honour at the university in 1902. He served as the Chancellor of the University of Dublin between 1716 and 1727; and in 1754 issued the charter for King's College in New York City, which later became Columbia University . The province of Georgia , founded by royal charter in 1732,

5700-430: The former ward of his aunt Queen Sophia Charlotte of Prussia . The English envoy to Hanover, Edmund Poley, reported that George was so taken by "the good character he had of her that he would not think of anybody else". A marriage contract was concluded by the end of July. On 22 August / 2 September 1705 Caroline arrived in Hanover for her wedding, which was held the same evening in the chapel at Herrenhausen . George

5800-442: The fort became the site of the United States Naval Academy which moved to Newport for fear the Confederates would invade Maryland. In 1862 the company was activated to provide the guard force at the newly established Lovell General Hospital at Portsmouth Grove, a few miles north of Newport. During the Spanish–American War in 1898 the company was activated for one week and received training on coast defense guns at Fort Adams so

5900-519: The frozen lake, depending on the season and weather. Put-in-Bay has one grocery store, one hardware store, one school—which houses the one lending library branch—one fuel station, a post office, one bank, and two cemeteries. It has one seasonal franchise restaurant, Subway . There is no cinema. The island does not have a hospital, but does have an Emergency Medical Service that can use a Life Flight helicopter to transport critically ill patients to mainland medical facilities. In 1952–1959, as well as 1963,

6000-403: The guardianship, he established a regency council. In 1720, Walpole encouraged the King and his son to reconcile, for the sake of public unity, which they did half-heartedly. Walpole and Townshend returned to political office, and rejoined the ministry. George was soon disillusioned with the terms of the reconciliation; his three daughters who were in the care of the King were not returned and he

6100-500: The island are via ferry boat, propeller-driven aircraft and private boat. One of the world's largest hotels, the Hotel Victory , opened its 625 rooms to the public in 1892. The four-story hotel featured a one-thousand-seat dining room. However, on August 14, 1919, the giant hotel burned to the ground. Today only parts of the foundations can be seen at the state campground. Other historical sites include: There are under 150 full-time South Bass Island residents, most of whom remain on

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6200-442: The island over the winter. Supplies and perishables are flown to the island during the winter months along with the mail, parcels, and bank employees who staff the island's only bank (for one day a week) until the spring. The island has a single school that is used for grades kindergarten through 12 and serves the educational requirements of Middle Bass and North Bass islands as well. These students arrive by plane, boat, or ATV across

6300-552: The language of diplomacy and the court, until the age of four, after which he was taught German by one of his tutors, Johann Hilmar Holstein. In addition to French and German, he also learned English and Italian, and studied genealogy, military history, and battle tactics with particular diligence. George's second cousin once removed , Queen Anne , ascended the thrones of England , Scotland , and Ireland in 1702. Though she had had seventeen pregnancies, of which five resulted in live births, her only surviving child died in 1700. By

6400-481: The last British monarch to lead troops into battle. Though his actions in the battle were admired, the war became unpopular with the British public, who felt that the King and Carteret were subordinating British interests to Hanoverian ones. Carteret lost support, and to George's dismay resigned in 1744. Tension grew between the Pelham ministry and George, as he continued to take advice from Carteret and rejected pressure from his other ministers to include William Pitt

6500-410: The next 200 years. During the War of 1812 , Put-in-Bay was an important base of operations for the US Navy fleet commanded by Oliver Hazard Perry . Perry and his fleet arrived at the island on August 16, 1813. They used the island to train and to spy on the British, who were located at Fort Malden , Ontario, Canada . At that point, the war had been going on for 32 months and developments had favored

6600-508: The next several years with opposition to George I's policies, which included measures designed to increase religious freedom in Great Britain and expand Hanover's German territories at the expense of Sweden. His new London residence, Leicester House , became a frequent meeting place for his father's political opponents, including Sir Robert Walpole and Lord Townshend , who had left the government in 1717. The King visited Hanover again from May to November 1719. Instead of appointing George to

6700-416: The nineteenth and first part of the twentieth century relied on these biased accounts. Since the last quarter of the twentieth century, scholarly analysis of surviving correspondence has indicated that George was not as ineffective as previously thought. Letters from ministers are annotated by George with pertinent remarks and demonstrate that he had a grasp of and interest in foreign policy in particular. He

6800-430: The opportunity of meeting his bride before any formal arrangements were made. Negotiations from 1702 for the hand of Princess Hedvig Sophia of Sweden , Dowager Duchess and regent of Holstein-Gottorp , came to nothing. In June 1705, under the false name "Monsieur de Busch", George visited the Ansbach court at its summer residence in Triesdorf to investigate incognito a marriage prospect: Princess Caroline of Ansbach ,

6900-409: The opposition but Pelham's party won easily. Like his father before him, Frederick entertained opposition figures at his house in Leicester Square . When Frederick died unexpectedly in 1751, his eldest son, Prince George , became heir apparent. The King commiserated with Frederick's widow, Augusta, and wept with her. As her son would not reach the age of majority until 1756, a new British Regency Act

7000-424: The opposition in the 1741 British general election , and Walpole was unable to secure a stable majority. Walpole attempted to buy off the prince with the promise of an increased allowance and offered to pay off his debts, but Frederick refused. With his support eroded, Walpole retired in 1742 after over 20 years in office. He was replaced by Spencer Compton, Lord Wilmington , whom George had originally considered for

7100-414: The palace without the approval of the King; Caroline fainted and George "cried like a child". The King partially relented and permitted them to visit once a week, though he later allowed Caroline unconditional access. In February 1718, Prince George William died aged only three months, with his father by his side. Banned from the palace and shunned by his own father, the Prince of Wales was identified for

7200-472: The parish ." The King made plans to return in the face of inclement December weather; when his ship was caught in a storm, gossip swept London that he had drowned. Eventually, in January 1737, he arrived back in England. Immediately, he fell ill with a fever and piles , and withdrew to his bed. The Prince of Wales put it about that the King was dying, with the result that George insisted on getting up and attending

7300-467: The peace deal on the grounds that the French had infringed it by disarming Hessian troops after the ceasefire. In the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 British forces captured Quebec and captured Guadeloupe , defeated a French plan to invade Britain following naval battles at Lagos and Quiberon Bay , and halted a resumed French advance on Hanover at the Battle of Minden . By October 1760 George II

7400-700: The premiership in 1727. Wilmington, however, was a figurehead; actual power was held by others, such as Lord Carteret , George's favourite minister after Walpole. When Wilmington died in 1743, Henry Pelham took his place at the head of the government. The pro-war faction was led by Carteret, who claimed that French power would increase if Maria Theresa failed to succeed to the Austrian throne. George agreed to send 12,000 hired Hessian and Danish mercenaries to Europe, ostensibly to support Maria Theresa. Without conferring with his British ministers, George stationed them in Hanover to prevent enemy French troops from marching into

7500-613: The regency council in Britain rather than his son. Meanwhile, rivalry between George II and his brother-in-law and first cousin Frederick William I of Prussia led to tension along the Prussian–Hanoverian border, which eventually culminated in the mobilization of troops in the border zone and suggestions of a duel between the two kings. Negotiations for a marriage between the Prince of Wales and Frederick William's daughter Wilhelmine dragged on for years but neither side would make

7600-576: The reign of Queen Anne, and had been one of Caroline's women of the bedchamber . She was his mistress from before the accession of George I until November 1734. She was followed by Amalie von Wallmoden , later Countess of Yarmouth, whose son, Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden , may have been fathered by George. Johann Ludwig was born while Amalie was still married to her husband, and George did not acknowledge him publicly as his own son. Against Walpole's wishes, but to George's delight, Britain reopened hostilities with Spain in 1739. Britain's conflict with Spain,

7700-607: The respect of foreign governments; and a certain steadiness of character made him of great consequence in these unsettled times ... His character would not afford subject for epic poetry, but will look well in the sober page of history." In Britain: George II's full style was "George the Second, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of

7800-533: The sides of his and his wife's coffins to be removed so that their remains could mingle. George donated the royal library to the British Museum in 1757, four years after the museum's foundation. He had no interest in reading, or in the arts and sciences, and preferred to spend his leisure hours stag-hunting on horseback or playing cards. In 1737, he founded the Georg August University of Göttingen ,

7900-632: The village was 52.9% male and 47.1% female. The village is home to Put-in-Bay High School . Aside from South Bass Island, Put-In-Bay Local School District covers the Lake Erie Islands of Buckeye Island , Gibraltar Island , Green Island , Mouse Island , Rattlesnake Island , and Starve Island , even though most of these islands are uninhabited. For most of its history, the island's primary industry has been tourism and continues to be today. The tourist season runs roughly between April and October. The most common methods of transportation to and from

8000-447: The village. The population density was 306.7 inhabitants per square mile (118.4/km ). There were 263 housing units at an average density of 584.4 units per square mile (225.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the village was 100.0% White. There were 70 households, of which 17.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.9% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had

8100-410: The war. Great Britain, Hanover, and Prussia and their allies Hesse-Kassel and Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel fought against other European powers, including France, Austria, Russia, Sweden and Saxony . The war involved multiple theatres from Europe to North America and India, where British dominance increased with the victories of Robert Clive over French forces and their allies at the Battle of Arcot and

8200-853: The will unlawful, as George I did not have the legal power to determine the succession personally. Critics supposed that George II hid the will to avoid paying out his father's legacies. George II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 11/22 October 1727. George Frideric Handel was commissioned to write four new anthems for the coronation, including Zadok the Priest . It was widely believed that George would dismiss Walpole, who had distressed him by joining his father's government, and replace him with Sir Spencer Compton . George asked Compton, rather than Walpole, to write his first speech as king, but Compton asked Walpole to draft it. Caroline advised George to retain Walpole, who continued to gain royal favour by securing

8300-529: The year both Sophia and Anne were dead, and George's father was king. George and his father sailed for England from The Hague on 16/27 September 1714 and arrived at Greenwich two days later. The following day, they formally entered London in a ceremonial procession. George was given the title of Prince of Wales . Caroline followed her husband to Britain in October with their daughters, while Frederick remained in Hanover to be brought up by private tutors. London

8400-540: Was all but crushed; no further serious attempt was made at restoring the House of Stuart . The War of the Austrian Succession continued until 1748, when Maria Theresa was recognized as Archduchess of Austria. The peace was celebrated by a fête in Green Park, London , for which Handel composed Music for the Royal Fireworks . In the general election of 1747 , Frederick, Prince of Wales , again campaigned actively for

8500-436: Was blind in one eye and hard of hearing . On the morning of 25 October he rose as usual at 6:00 am, drank a cup of hot chocolate, and went to his close stool alone. After a few minutes, his valet heard a loud crash and entered the room to find the King on the floor; his physician, Frank Nicholls , recorded that he "appeared to have just come from his necessary-stool, and as if going to open his escritoire ". The King

8600-522: Was born in the city of Hanover in Germany, followed by his sister, Sophia Dorothea , three years later. Their parents, George Louis, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later King George I of Great Britain ), and Sophia Dorothea of Celle , both committed adultery. In 1694 the marriage was dissolved on the pretext that Sophia Dorothea had abandoned her husband. She was confined to Ahlden House and denied access to her two children, who probably never saw their mother again. George spoke only French,

8700-522: Was deeply affected by her death, and to the surprise of many displayed "a tenderness of which the world thought him before utterly incapable". On her deathbed she told her sobbing husband to remarry, to which he replied, "Non, j'aurai des maîtresses!" (French for "No, I shall have mistresses!"). It was common knowledge that George had already had mistresses during his marriage, and he had kept Caroline informed about them. Henrietta Howard , later Countess of Suffolk, had moved to Hanover with her husband during

8800-477: Was forced to appoint Pitt to the ministry. George's French opponents encouraged rebellion by the Jacobites , the supporters of the Roman Catholic claimant to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart , often known as the Old Pretender. Stuart was the son of James II , who had been deposed in 1688 and replaced by his Protestant relations. Two prior rebellions in 1715 and 1719 had failed. In July 1745,

8900-498: Was inactivated when the Treaty of Ghent , which ended the war, was signed in early 1815. In 1834, a plot of land was donated to the company by Audley Clarke to build an armory. During the Dorr War of 1842 to 1843, the company was one of several militia units to mobilize to suppress the rebellion against the government of Rhode Island. The Artillery Company of Newport volunteered to lead

9000-516: Was jealous of George's popularity, which contributed to the development of a poor relationship between them. The birth in 1717 of George's second son, George William , proved to be a catalyst for a family quarrel; the King, supposedly following custom, appointed Lord Chamberlain Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle , as one of the baptismal sponsors of the child. The King was angered when George, who disliked Newcastle, verbally insulted

9100-499: Was keen to participate in the war against France in Flanders , but his father refused to let him join the army in an active role until he had a son and heir. In early 1707 George's hopes were fulfilled when Caroline gave birth to a son, Frederick . In July Caroline fell seriously ill with smallpox , and George caught the infection after staying by her side devotedly during her illness. They both recovered. In 1708 George participated in

9200-510: Was largely controlled by the Parliament of Great Britain . As elector he spent twelve summers in Hanover, where he had more direct control over government policy. He had a difficult relationship with his eldest son, Frederick , who supported the parliamentary opposition. During the War of the Austrian Succession , George participated at the Battle of Dettingen , and thus became the most recent British monarch to lead an army in battle. Supporters of

9300-464: Was lifted into his bed, and Princess Amelia was sent for; before she reached him, he was dead. At the age of nearly 77 he had lived longer than any of his English or British predecessors. A post-mortem revealed that George had died as the result of a thoracic aortic dissection . He was succeeded by his grandson George III, and buried on 11 November in Westminster Abbey. He left instructions for

9400-422: Was like nothing George had seen before; it was 50 times larger than Hanover, and the crowd was estimated at up to one and a half million spectators. George courted popularity with voluble expressions of praise for the English, and claimed that he had no drop of blood that was not English. In July 1716, the King returned to Hanover for six months, and George was given limited powers, as "Guardian and Lieutenant of

9500-655: Was made a Knight of the Garter and created Duke and Marquess of Cambridge , Earl of Milford Haven, Viscount Northallerton, and Baron Tewkesbury in the Peerage of England . England and Scotland united in 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain , and jointly accepted the succession as laid down by the English Act of Settlement. George's father did not want his son to enter into a loveless arranged marriage as he had and wanted him to have

9600-445: Was named after him. During George II's reign British interests expanded throughout the world, the Jacobite challenge to the Hanoverian dynasty was extinguished, and the power of ministers and Parliament in Britain became well-established. Nevertheless, in the memoirs of contemporaries such as Lord Hervey and Horace Walpole , George is depicted as a weak buffoon, governed by his wife and ministers. Biographies of George written during

9700-482: Was often able to prevent the appointment of ministers or commanders he disliked, or sideline them into lesser offices. This academic reassessment, however, has not completely eliminated the popular perception of George II as a "faintly ludicrous king". His parsimony, for example, may have opened him to ridicule, though his biographers observe that parsimony is preferable to extravagance. Lord Charlemont excused George's short temper by explaining that sincerity of feeling

9800-410: Was passed that would make her regent, assisted by a council led by Frederick's brother William in case of George II's death. The King also made a new will, which provided for William to be sole regent in Hanover. After the death of his daughter Louisa at the end of the year, George lamented, "This has been a fatal year for my family. I lost my eldest son – but I am glad of it ... Now [Louisa]

9900-428: Was still barred from becoming regent during the King's absences. He came to believe that Walpole had tricked him into the rapprochement as part of a scheme to regain power. Over the next few years, he and Caroline lived quietly, avoiding overt political activity. They had three more children: William , Mary , and Louisa , who were brought up at Leicester House and Richmond Lodge , George's summer residence. In 1721,

10000-523: Was under the jurisdiction of Huron County, Ohio , but it was later joined to Ottawa County, Ohio . Put-in-Bay Township was established after 1830. The island was only sparsely inhabited and there was no actual village prior to the creation of the township. The first known white resident of the island was Alexander Ewen, who had about 1,000 hogs roaming the island in 1810. The abolitionist John Brown 's son John Jr. lived in Put-In-Bay, "growing grapes for

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