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64-572: The Newcastle Ocean Baths are a sea bath in Newcastle , New South Wales . The site includes pavilions, pools and promenades. The baths are known for architectural features such as the Striped Classical / Art Deco facade and bleacher seating. Construction of the Newcastle Ocean Baths began in 1910 and they were in use before World War I . However, they were not formally opened until

128-464: A freak rip on what became known as Black Sunday. Lifesaving organisations also started in other countries – such as Canada and the United Kingdom. As a result of the development of such organisations, lifesaving techniques became standardised and competitions between competing clubs were established and have become popular. In the United Kingdom there was no law against nude swimming , but each town

192-421: A nation's love His throne maintain. May just and righteous laws Uphold the public cause, And bless our Isle: Home of the brave and free, Thou land of Liberty, We pray that still on thee Kind Heav'n may smile. Not in this land alone, But be God's mercies known From shore to shore: Lord make the nations see That men should brothers be, And form one family The wide world o'er. To mark

256-659: A poll conducted by the Commonwealth Games Council for England prior to the 2010 Games, "Jerusalem" was adopted as England's new Commonwealth Games anthem. In sports in which the UK competes as one nation, most notably as Great Britain at the Olympics , the anthem is used to represent anyone or any team that comes from the United Kingdom. The phrase "God Save the King" is much older than the song, appearing, for instance, several times in

320-401: A short crescendo into "Send him victorious", and then is another crescendo at "over us:" into the final words "God save the King". In the early 20th century there existed a military band version in the higher key of B ♭ , because it was easier for brass instruments to play in that key, though it had the disadvantage of being more difficult to sing; however, now most bands play it in

384-401: A warmer climate. To gain an "all over tan", women's swimsuits became as abbreviated as the wearer was daring enough to wear, with bikinis increasingly displacing the one-piece swimsuit as the most common swimwear after the 1950s, and with even briefer monokinis , string bikinis and G-strings also being seen. This fashion was met with considerable resistance from more conservative groups. In

448-674: A year following the Jacobite invasion of England), and it was certainly not used when the song became accepted as the British national anthem in the 1780s and 1790s. It was included as an integral part of the song in the Oxford Book of Eighteenth-Century Verse of 1926, although erroneously referencing the "fourth verse" to the Gentleman's Magazine article of 1745. On the opposing side, Jacobite beliefs were demonstrated in an alternative verse used during

512-555: Is currently the world's second most popular tourism destination after France. Similarly, the popularity of Greek beaches was a major factor in tourism in Greece accounting for a quarter of Greece's foreign earnings. [REDACTED] Media related to Sea bathing at Wikimedia Commons God Save the Queen " God Save the King " (alternatively " God Save the Queen " when the British monarch

576-516: Is female) is the de facto national anthem of the United Kingdom , one of two national anthems of New Zealand , and the royal anthem of the Isle of Man , Canada and some other Commonwealth realms . The author of the tune is unknown and it may originate in plainchant , but an attribution to the composer John Bull has sometimes been made. Beyond its first verse, which is consistent, "God Save

640-566: The King James Bible . A text based on the 1st Book of Kings Chapter 1: verses 38–40, "And all the people rejoic'd, and said: God save the King! Long live the King! May the King live for ever, Amen", has been sung and proclaimed at every coronation since that of King Edgar in 973. Scholes says that as early as 1545 "God Save the King" was a watchword of the Royal Navy , with the response being "Long to reign over us". He also notes that

704-506: The Miami and Fort Lauderdale areas had a total population of just under 4 million. Tourism is one of the areas largest employees with tourists from around the world travelling to Florida's beaches. In Europe, the presence of good beaches for bathing, a warm climate and favourable exchange rates led to the rapid growth of tourism in Spain. By 1974, tourism had become Spain's leading industry and Spain

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768-603: The Russian Empire , from 1816 to 1833; and as the national anthem of Switzerland , " Rufst du, mein Vaterland ", from the 1840s until 1961. The text first appeared in England in the late 1590s, with the publication of William Shakespeare 's Richard III . In Act IV, Scene I, Lady Anne says to Queen Elizabeth : "Were red-hot steel to sear me to the brains! Anointed let me be with deadly venom, And die ere men can say 'God save

832-504: The coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla . The standard version of the melody and its key of G major are still those of the originally published version, although the start of the anthem is often signalled by an introductory timpani roll of two bars length. The bass line of the standard version differs little from the second voice part shown in the original, and there is a standard version in four-part harmony for choirs. The first three lines (six bars of music) are soft, ending with

896-437: The "diving Venus". Kellerman was arrested on a Boston beach for public indecency for wearing her trademark one-piece swimsuit but by the 1910s the style was becoming widely acceptable. In the 1940s, women’s magazines started using advertisements that encouraged sun bathing, with greater emphasis on sun tanning than swimming. A tan became a sign of wealth, indicating that the individual was wealthy enough to go on holidays to

960-529: The 1745 Gentleman's Magazine , but also in publications such as The Book of English Songs: From the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century (1851), National Hymns: How They Are Written and How They Are Not Written (1861), Household Book of Poetry (1882), and Hymns Ancient and Modern , Revised Version (1982). The same version with appears in publications including Scouting for Boys (1908), and on

1024-487: The 1920s. Construction of the pavilion began in 1922. 32°55′47″S 151°47′27″E  /  32.9296°S 151.7909°E  / -32.9296; 151.7909 Sea bathing The practice of sea-bathing developed starting in the mid-1800s into the modern cultural phenomenon of beachgoing . In the 19th century, the introduction of railways led to the further development of seaside resorts and bathing boxes . The death of large numbers of people while swimming in

1088-521: The 1950s, beach inspectors would harass women wearing shortish bikinis on Bondi Beach , Sydney; and G-strings continue to be banned on many beaches in the United States. Modern airline transport has made travel to warmer locations more accessible and affordable. New tourist destinations have developed because of their access to good beaches. In Australia, the Gold Coast became a popular destination with

1152-523: The Brave " was traditionally used until the 1990s; since then, " Flower of Scotland " is more commonly used), these anthems are used formally at state and national ceremonies as well as international sporting events such as football and rugby union matches. On all occasions in Northern Ireland, "God Save the King" is still used as the official anthem. In 2001, it was claimed that the phrase "No surrender"

1216-482: The King! When the monarch of the time is female, "King" is replaced with "Queen" and all masculine pronouns are replaced with their feminine equivalents. There is no definitive version of the lyrics. However, the version consisting of the two above verses has the best claim to be regarded as the "standard" British version as referenced on the Royal Family website. The song with an additional verse appears not only in

1280-478: The King" derives its official status from custom and use, not from Royal Proclamation or Act of Parliament . The variation in the UK of the lyrics to "God Save the King" is the oldest amongst those currently used, and forms the basis on which all other versions used throughout the Commonwealth are formed; though, again, the words have varied over time. England has no official national anthem of its own; "God Save

1344-439: The King" has many historic and extant versions. Since its first publication, different verses have been added and taken away and, even today, different publications include various selections of verses in various orders. In general, only one verse is sung. Sometimes two verses are sung and, on certain occasions, three. The entire composition is the musical salute for the British monarch and royal consort, while other members of

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1408-549: The King" is treated as the English national anthem when England is represented at sporting events (though there are some exceptions to this rule, such as cricket where " Jerusalem " is used). There is a movement to establish an English national anthem, with Blake and Parry 's "Jerusalem" and Elgar's " Land of Hope and Glory " among the top contenders. Wales has a single official national anthem, " Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau " (Land of my Fathers) while Scotland uses unofficial anthems (" Scotland

1472-413: The Queen.'" In The Oxford Companion to Music , Percy Scholes points out the similarities to an early plainsong melody, although the rhythm is very distinctly that of a galliard , and he gives examples of several such dance tunes that bear a striking resemblance to "God Save the King". Scholes quotes a keyboard piece by John Bull (1619) which has some similarities to the modern tune, depending on

1536-642: The Royal Family website. According to Alan Michie's The Crown and the People , which was published in 1952, after the death of King George VI but before the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II , when the first General Assembly of the United Nations was held in London in January 1946 the King, in honour of the occasion, "ordered the belligerent imperious second stanza of 'God Save the King' to be rewritten to bring it more into

1600-648: The US, lifeguards were often paid employees of local governments employed when bathing was most popular. In Australia, the Surf Bathing Association of NSW formed in 1907 to coordinate voluntary surf lifesaving on beaches throughout Sydney. This organisation became the Surf Lifesaving Association of Australia in 1923. The Association proved its worth on February 6, 1938, on Bondi Beach when hundreds of bathers were saved when they were taken out to sea in

1664-413: The aspiring English seaside resorts. Women would wear "bathing gowns" in the water while the men would wear long swimsuits. Some resorts such as Margate had modesty hoods or tilts which were canvas awnings attached to bathing machines . These could be let down to allow a woman to enter and leave the water in privacy. If desired, the woman could also be dipped in privacy under the shelter of the hood. By

1728-535: The bathing machines and they escorted visitors into the water. In 1903, Australian bathers were allowed to use public beaches in daylight hours. Then the prohibition to Sunday, Christmas and Easter bathing was revoked in the 1920s, and mixed bathing was permitted from the 1940s. Restrictions on swimsuits also eased over time, with the designation of some beaches as topless and others as nude . As public bathing became more popular, more inexperienced swimmers going out into unfamiliar waters put themselves at risk. In

1792-529: The brave and free Set in the silver sea True nurse of chivalry God save our land! Of many a race and birth From utmost ends of earth God save us all! Bid strife and hatred cease Bid hope and joy increase Spread universal peace God save us all! Around 1745, anti- Jacobite sentiment was captured in a verse appended to the song, with a prayer for the success of Field Marshal George Wade 's army then assembling at Newcastle . These words attained some short-term use, although they did not appear in

1856-599: The celebration of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria , a modified version of the second verse was written by the Dean of Rochester, the Very Reverend Samuel Reynolds Hole . A four-part harmony setting was then made by Frederick Bridge , and published by Novello. O Lord Our God Arise, Scatter her enemies, Make wars to cease; Keep us from plague and dearth, Turn thou our woes to mirth; And over all

1920-573: The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, but only the version mentioned in the Standard Version in the United Kingdom was used at her Coronation, and ever since on all official occasions when two stanzas have been sung. In 1836, William Edward Hickson wrote an alternative version, of which the first, third, and fourth verses gained some currency when they were appended to the national anthem in The English Hymnal (1906). The fourth Hickson verse

1984-450: The correct key of concert G. Since 1953, the anthem is sometimes preceded by a fanfare composed by Gordon Jacob for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II . There have been several attempts to rewrite the words. In the nineteenth century there was some lively debate about the national anthem as verse two was considered by some to be slightly offensive in its use of the phrase "scatter her enemies". Some thought it placed better emphasis on

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2048-422: The earth Let there be peace. The Musical Times commented: "There are some conservative minds who may regret the banishment of the 'knavish tricks' and aggressive spirit of the discarded verse, but it must be admitted that Dean Hole's lines are more consonant with the sentiment of modern Christianity." Others reactions were more negative, one report describing the setting as "unwarrantable liberties...worthy of

2112-407: The end of the 18th century, sea bathing became highly fashionable with George III visiting Weymouth for the first time with the bathing machines showing God Save the King . Fanny Burney recorded a humorous incident in her diaries. During this period, resorts sprang up along the English coast , such as Weymouth, Bournemouth , Blackpool and Scarborough. In 1771, Tobias Smollett recorded

2176-735: The first bar, but is otherwise clearly a strong relative of the contemporary anthem. It was recorded as being sung in London theatres in 1745, with, for example, Thomas Arne writing a setting of the tune for the Drury Lane Theatre . Scholes' analysis includes mention of "untenable" and "doubtful" claims, as well as "an American misattribution". Some of these are: Scholes recommends the attribution "traditional" or "traditional; earliest known version by John Bull (1562–1628)". The English Hymnal (musical editor Ralph Vaughan Williams ) gives no attribution, stating merely "17th or 18th cent." Like many aspects of British constitutional life, "God Save

2240-455: The first four and last four bars of " O Canada "), as well as the salute given to governors of British overseas territories. In countries not part of the British Empire , the tune of "God Save the King" has provided the basis for various patriotic songs, ones generally connected with royal ceremony. The melody is used for the national anthem of Liechtenstein , " Oben am jungen Rhein ";

2304-501: The first performance was thought to have been in 1745, when it was sung in support of King George II , after his defeat at the Battle of Prestonpans by the army of Charles Edward Stuart , son of James Francis Edward Stuart , the Jacobite claimant to the British throne. It is sometimes claimed that, ironically, the song was originally sung in support of the Jacobite cause: the word "send" in

2368-540: The line "Send him victorious" could imply that the king was absent. However, the Oxford English Dictionary cites examples of "[God] send (a person) safe, victorious, etc." meaning "God grant that he may be safe, etc.". There are also examples of early 18th-century drinking glasses which are inscribed with a version of the words and were apparently intended for drinking the health of King James II and VII . Scholes acknowledges these possibilities but argues that

2432-592: The open sea led to the introduction of surf lifesaving in Australia and lifeguards throughout the world in the early 20th century. With the extension of scheduled air transport since the latter half of the 20th century, the development of seaside resort areas such as Ibiza in Spain, the Queensland Gold Coast in Australia and the Miami metropolitan area in the U.S. attracted millions of visitors annually. The growth in popularity of sea bathing developed from

2496-555: The perceived health benefits of mineral springs, such as those at Spa in Belgium, Bath in England and Aachen in Germany. Sea water was similarly believed to have medicinal benefits. The medicinal benefits of the sun were also being recognised. In 1753, Dr. Richard Russell published The Use of Sea Water which recommended the use of sea water for healing various diseases, and William Buchan wrote his 1769 book Domestic Medicine advocating

2560-422: The placing of accidentals which at that time were unwritten in certain cases and left to the discretion of the player (see musica ficta ). He also points to several pieces by Henry Purcell , one of which includes the opening notes of the modern tune, setting the words "God Save the King". Nineteenth-century scholars and commentators mention the widespread belief that an old Scots carol, "Remember O Thou Man",

2624-552: The population growing from 33,716 in 1961 to 135,437 in 1981 and growing rapidly thereafter. The fastest growing regional areas in Australia Sunshine Coast , Gold Coast – Tweed and Cairns all having good beaches, warm weather and growth rates exceeding 20%. In the United States, the Gold Coast (Florida) enjoyed similar growth as first the railroad and then aircraft brought tourists to its beaches for bathing. By 2000,

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2688-417: The practice. Sea bathing and sea water were advocated with winter considered to be the best time to follow the practice. Buchan's book was published until 1846 and was translated into many languages. Marine hospitals opened in parts of France and England. The first French marine hospital, Petit Berck, opened in 1861. There has been a tremendous growth in sea bathing, especially in the 20th century. However,

2752-567: The prayer read in churches on anniversaries of the Gunpowder Plot includes words which might have formed part of the basis for the former standard verse "Scatter our enemies...assuage their malice and confound their devices". In 1745, The Gentleman's Magazine published "God save our lord the king: A new song set for two voices", describing it "As sung at both Playhouses" (the Theatres Royal at Drury Lane and Covent Garden ). Traditionally,

2816-480: The published version in the October 1745 Gentleman's Magazine . This verse was first documented as an occasional addition to the original anthem by Richard Clark in 1814, and was also mentioned in a later article on the song, published by the Gentleman's Magazine in October 1836. Therein, it is presented as an "additional verse... though being of temporary application only... stored in the memory of an old friend... who

2880-504: The purported health benefits of sea water; and resort towns grew enormously. Resorts were set up throughout Europe in the late 18th century and early 19th century as far north as Scandinavia. In the United States, resorts such as Atlantic City became very popular while the French Riviera became popular not only amongst the French but with English visitors. Dippers or guides were used with

2944-475: The reigning monarch is currently Charles III , the male version of the anthem is used. When the current monarch is male God save our gracious King! Long live our noble King! God save the King! Send him victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save the King! Thy choicest gifts in store, On him be pleased to pour; Long may he reign: May he defend our laws, And ever give us cause, To sing with heart and voice, God save

3008-660: The respective power of Parliament and the Crown to change "her enemies" to "our enemies"; others questioned the theology and proposed "thine enemies" instead. Sydney G. R. Coles wrote a completely new version, as did Canon F. K. Harford. An additional stanza sung second was previously considered part of the standard lyrics in the UK: O Lord our God arise Scatter his enemies And make them fall Confound their politics Frustrate their knavish tricks On thee our hopes we fix God save us all These lyrics appeared in some works of literature prior

3072-626: The royal anthem of Norway , " Kongesangen "; and the American patriotic song " My Country, 'Tis of Thee " (also known as "America"). The melody was also used for the national anthem " Heil dir im Siegerkranz " ("Hail to thee in the Victor's Crown") of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1795 until 1918; as the anthem of the German Emperor from 1871 to 1918; as " The Prayer of Russians ", the imperial anthem of

3136-498: The royal family who are entitled to royal salute (such as the Prince of Wales , along with his spouse) receive just the first six bars . The first six bars also form all or part of the viceregal salute in some Commonwealth realms other than the UK (e.g., in Canada, governors general and lieutenant governors at official events are saluted with the first six bars of "God Save the King" followed by

3200-404: The same period: God bless the prince, I pray, God bless the prince, I pray, Charlie I mean; That Scotland we may see Freed from vile Presbyt'ry , Both George and his Feckie , Ever so, Amen. In May 1800, following an attempt to assassinate King George III at London's Drury Lane theatre, playwright Richard Sheridan immediately composed an additional verse, which was sung from

3264-558: The same words were probably being used by both Jacobite and Hanoverian supporters and directed at their respective kings. In 1902, the musician William Hayman Cummings , quoting mid-18th century correspondence between Charles Burney and Sir Joseph Banks, suggested that the words had been based on a Latin verse composed for King James II at the Chapel Royal . O Deus optime Salvum nunc facito Regem nostrum Sic laeta victoria Comes et gloria Salvum iam facitoe Tu dominum. As

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3328-403: The sea was banned during daylight between 1838 and 1902, because women's swimming costumes were considered indecent despite being neck to knee and men often swam nude, as was mixed swimming. Bathing was segregated in the United Kingdom until 1901. Annette Kellerman , an Australian swimmer championed the use of a one-piece swimsuit and toured throughout the world as the "Australian mermaid" and

3392-437: The severest reprobation", with "too much of a Peace Society flavour about it...If we go about pleading for peace, other nations will get it into their heads that we are afraid of fighting." Perhaps unsurprisingly, Hole's version failed to replace the existing verse permanently. A less militaristic version of the song, titled "Official peace version, 1919", was first published in the hymn book Songs of Praise in 1925. This

3456-517: The spirit of the brotherhood of nations." In the UK, the first verse is typically sung alone, even on official occasions, although the second verse is sometimes sung in addition on certain occasions such as during the opening ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics , 2012 Summer Paralympics , and the 2022 Commonwealth Games and usually at the Last Night of the Proms . The second verse was also sung during

3520-540: The stage the same night: From every latent foe From the assassin's blow God save the King O'er him Thine arm extend For Britain's sake defend Our father, king, and friend God save the King! Various other attempts were made during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to add verses to commemorate particular royal or national events. For example, according to Fitzroy Maclean, when Jacobite forces bypassed Wade's force and reached Derby , but then retreated and when their garrison at Carlisle Castle surrendered to

3584-482: The trend of bath products containing Dead Sea salt, which is claimed to provide some relief from certain skin diseases. With Buchan's recommendations, people suddenly flocked to the coasts, especially to Great Britain and France. The public and authorities were concerned with the morality of general sea bathing. Scarborough was the first resort to introduce bathing machines , with a John Setterington engraving showing machines in 1735. They were soon adopted in most of

3648-433: The trend was slightly reversed after melanoma was linked with excessive exposure to the sun. With Australians having the highest rate of skin cancer in the world, the "Slip, Slop, Slap" campaign was developed to encourage people to slip on a shirt, slop on sunscreen and slap on a hat. Though no longer widely considered to actually cure disease, shades of the supposed curative properties of sea water can still be noted with

3712-562: The use of bathing machines in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker . Jane Austen regularly visited seaside resorts and in her uncompleted novel Sanditon stated "The Sea air and Sea Bathing together were nearly infallible, one or the other of them being a match for every Disorder..." The invention of the railway , and the proliferation of rail travel in the mid-19th century made it possible for large numbers of people to visit coastal regions. The railways, seaside towns and resorts promoted

3776-500: Was "official" in the sense that it was approved by the British Privy Council in 1919. However, despite being reproduced in some other hymn books, it is largely unknown today. God save our gracious King! Long live our noble King! God save the King! Send him victorious Happy and glorious Long to reign over us God save the King! One realm of races four Blest more and ever more God save our land! Home of

3840-439: Was born in the very year 1745, and was thus the associate of those who heard it first sung", the lyrics given being: Lord, grant that Marshal Wade May by thy mighty aid Victory bring; May he sedition hush, and like a torrent rush Rebellious Scots to crush! God save the King! The 1836 article and other sources make it clear that this verse was quickly abandoned after 1745 (Wade was replaced as Commander-in-Chief within

3904-491: Was free to make its own laws. In public baths, bathers wore the bathing costumes prescribed by town authorities. In rivers, lakes and streams men swam in the nude. In Australia, debate continued from the late 19th to the mid-20th century about what constituted appropriate bathing costume for both men and women. At one time, an ordinance suggesting men wear skirts to cover up in the sea resulted in mass public protests . In New South Wales and other parts of Australia, bathing in

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3968-631: Was occasionally sung in the bridge before "Send her victorious" by England football fans at matches. Since 2003, "God Save the King", considered an all-inclusive anthem for Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as well as other countries within the Commonwealth, has been dropped from the Commonwealth Games . Northern Irish athletes receive their gold medals to the tune of the " Londonderry Air ", popularly known as " Danny Boy ". In 2006, English winners heard Elgar's " Pomp and Circumstance March No. 1" , usually known as "Land of Hope and Glory", but after

4032-829: Was sung after the traditional first verse at Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee National Service of Thanksgiving in 2002, and during the raising of the Union Flag during the 2008 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony , in which London took Paralympic flag from Beijing to host the 2012 Summer games. This verse is currently used as the final verse by the Church of Scotland . God bless our native land! May Heav'n's protecting hand Still guard our shore: May peace his power extend, Foe be transformed to friend, And Britain's rights depend On war no more. O Lord, our monarch bless With strength and righteousness: Long may he reign: His heart inspire and move With wisdom from above; And in

4096-598: Was the source of the tune. The first published version that resembles the present song appeared in 1744, with no title but the heading "For two voices", in an anthology originally named Harmonia Britannia but changed after only a few copies had been printed to Thesaurus Musicus . When the Jacobite pretender Charles Edward Stuart led the 1745 rising , the song spread among those loyal to King George II . The tune published in The Gentleman's Magazine in 1745 departs from that used today at several points, one as early as

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