63-1740: [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "New Democratic Spirit" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( June 2013 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Political party in Albania New Democratic Spirit Fryma e Re Demokratike [REDACTED] Leader Sali Shehu Secretary-General Vacant Founder Bamir Topi Gazmend Oketa Founded April 30, 2012 ( 2012-04-30 ) Split from Democratic Party of Albania Headquarters Former Headquarter Democratic Party Ideology Liberal conservatism Pro-Europeanism Political position Centre-right National Assembly 0 / 140 Municipalities 0 / 61 Council Seats 17 / 1,613 Website www .frd .al Politics of Albania Political parties Elections Politics of Albania [REDACTED] Constitution Human rights Executive President : Bajram Begaj ( list ) Prime Minister : Edi Rama ( list ) Deputy Prime Minister : Belinda Balluku ( list ) Cabinet Legislature Parliament Speaker : Lindita Nikolla ( list ) Committees Members Leader of
126-437: A coalition government , or (in some instances) is the largest party in a minority parliament , that party's leader often serves as the prime minister . Thus, in the politics of several countries utilizing the parliamentary system , a political party's leader is treated as a de facto candidate for prime minister by the media and the general public, even if said office is technically not directly elected. Party Head or leader of
189-558: A constitutional court , or both), and removal entails either a snap election or automatic succession to office by a vice president ; therefore, the party's de jure internal leader either takes a background role (such as the Chairs of the Democratic , and Republican parties in the United States, who serve more so as the chief administrative officers of their respective political parties), or
252-426: A political party, subject to party's constitutional document need not be elected member of legislature and is therefore different from leader of parliamentary committee of a party. This is much harder to do in presidential and semi-presidential systems , where the chief executive is a president who can only be removed by a special impeachment (typically involving a legislative supermajority , an investigation by
315-678: A threshold of 3 percent of votes, and pre-election coalitions must meet a threshold of 5 percent of votes. The two largest political parties in Albania are the Socialist Party (PS) and the Democratic Party (PD). The last elections were held on 25 April 2021. Following is a list of political parties and alliances with representation in the Parliament by the 25 April 2021 elections: Political parties divided according to post-electoral seats in
378-892: Is a centre-right conservative political party in Albania . New Democratic Spirit was created by Gazmend Oketa , the former Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister of the Republic of Albania , and other former members of the Democratic Party of Albania . Albanian media call it "the President's Party" , referring to Albanian President Bamir Topi . Chairmen of NDS [ edit ] Person Period Gazmend Oketa 30 April 2012 – 7 September 2012 Bamir Topi 7 September 2012 – 25 February 2021 Sali Shehu 5 March 2021 - Incumbent References [ edit ] ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2013). "Albania" . Parties and Elections in Europe . Archived from
441-620: Is also elected through public opinion polls, not party members. For the PPP, however, they calculate the public opinion poll and the party member poll by 50:50. The major political parties in Taiwan are the Democratic Progressive Party and the Kuomintang . The Democratic Progress Party's constitution stipulates that the President may serve directly as Party Chairman without an election during
504-637: Is considered as the first type of Albanian parliament. In 1914, with the drafting of the Organic Statute of Albania by the International Control Commission , the establishment of Asambleja Kombëtare (the National Assembly) as a legislative body was foreseen. This assembly would consist of a total of 36 members elected by the people, members appointed by the monarch Wilhelm of Albania , as well as ex officio members . The beginning of
567-410: Is different from Wikidata Articles containing Albanian-language text Party leader In a governmental system, a party leader acts as the official representative of their political party , either to a legislature or to the electorate. Depending on the country, the individual colloquially referred to as the "leader" of a political party may officially be party chair , secretary , or
630-525: Is four years, but elections can be held earlier in the relatively rare case that the Parliament is dissolved prematurely by the President . The Parliament can be dissolved by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister if the latter has lost a vote of confidence in the Parliament, if the recommendation is made and accepted before the Parliament acts to elect a new Prime Minister. Elections for
693-458: Is thus typical in such states (notably in the Westminster system ) for the party leader to seek election to the legislature and, if elected, to simultaneously serve as the party's parliamentary leader . In several countries utilizing the parliamentary system , if the party leader's political party emerges with a majority of seats in parliament after a general election , is the leading party in
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#1732876996069756-543: The Albanian language that is thought to have originated from the Latin word conventus , meaning gathering of people or assembly . Its use dates back to the fifteenth century when men, mainly from northern Albania, gathered to listen to the debate between Lekë Dukagjini and Skanderbeg on what would be allowed and what was not. These laws would then be codified into oral laws inherited from generation to generation, especially in
819-620: The Balkan Wars and First World War made impossible the establishment of the institution. After the end of the First World War, between 25 and 27 of December 1918, the Congress of Durrës decided on the formation of a provisional government , as well as the establishment of the Pleqësia (the "Council of Elders"), which was essentially a Senate . This Senate would meet once every two months and
882-565: The House of Representatives , with party-elected leaders in each. The leader of the party with most of the representation (sometimes called the party-in-power) in each case is known as the majority leader , whereas the leader of the opposing party with the most members is known as the minority leader . Party leaders in the United States Senate have been elected by their respective political parties' caucuses since 1913. They include President of
945-514: The President by secret ballot and without debate by three-fifths of the parliamentary members. The president addresses messages to the Parliament and sets the date of parliamentary elections , for the organs of local power and for the conduct of referendums. The president appoints the Prime Minister on the proposal of the parliament; if the Prime Minister is not approved, the parliament elects another Prime Minister within 10 days. As specified by
1008-461: The Republic of Albania , it acts as the country's legislature . It convenes regularly in two sessions each year, the first session on the third Monday of January and the second session on the first Monday of September. However, extraordinary sessions may be called by the President of Albania , the Prime Minister of Albania or by one-fifth of the parliamentary members. Further the sessions are open to
1071-621: The Vice President likewise holds a leadership role as both the second-highest executive officer and the President of the Senate . However, major parties also generally have a National Committee as their governing body, which has separate leadership roles. The legislative branch, otherwise known as the United States Congress , is made up of the upper chamber, the Senate , and the lower chamber,
1134-437: The X Legislature : Parliamentary committees investigate specific matters of policy or government administration or performance that cannot be directly handled by the Parliament due to their volume. The committees provide an opportunity for organisations and individuals to participate in policy making and to have their views placed on the public record and considered as part of the decision-making process. The Parliament has
1197-405: The de facto party leaders. The leaders of all major political parties are chosen during their respective political party's leadership conventions upon the completion of a leadership election . Exceptions to this process sometimes occur when Members of Parliament leave their former party to form a new party. It is possible to co-chair a party. The party leader is the most prominent politician of
1260-477: The parliamentary party , or particular party office-holders, may vote; in others, such as the British Labour Party , though the entire membership is eligible to vote, some electors may have a much larger share of the vote than others (see also Superdelegate for a similar concept). If only one candidate emerges, they are said to be "elected by acclamation " or "ratified" by the general membership (sometimes
1323-480: The Constitution, no foreign military force may be situated in, or pass through, the borders of Albania, except by a law approved by the parliament. Due to that, it has the right to deploy Albanian Armed Forces outside its borders. The Constitution of Albania mandates that the Parliament consists of at least 140 members, elected by a secret ballot , of which 100 members are elected directly . The term of office
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#17328769960691386-928: The Defence of the Rights of the Emigrants Path of Freedom Party People's Alliance Party Red and Black Alliance Reorganised Party of Labour of Albania Sfida për Shqipërinë Social Democracy Party of Albania United Right of Albania Volt Albania Dissolved Albanian Fascist Party Balli Kombëtar Communist Reconstruction Party Legality Movement National Veteran's Committee New Albanian Party of Labour New Democratic Party Party for Justice and Integration Party for Justice and Unity Party of Labour of Albania Party of United Communists of Albania Second League of Prizren Social Democratic Party of Albania (1943) Alliances Coalition for
1449-1255: The Future Coalition of the Citizen Social Albanian Parties – National Unity Party Union for Victory Coalition Together We Win Portal:Politics Lists of political parties Politics of Albania Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Democratic_Spirit&oldid=1256094139 " Categories : 2012 establishments in Albania Conservative parties in Albania Liberal conservative parties Political parties established in 2012 Political parties in Albania Pro-European political parties in Albania Hidden categories: CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq) Articles needing additional references from June 2013 All articles needing additional references Articles with short description Short description
1512-582: The House by secret ballot . The Republican Party is represented in the House by Speaker of the House of Representatives Mike Johnson , whereas the Democratic Party is represented by Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries . In the House of Representatives, the most powerful official is the House-elected Speaker . Jaime Harrison serves as the chair of the Democratic Party , while Michael Whatley serves as
1575-525: The Netherlands . The leaders outwardly act as the 'figurehead' and the main representative of the party. Within the party, they must ensure political consensus. At election time the leader is always the Lijsttrekker (top candidate) of the party list . Outside election time the leaders most often serve as Parliamentary leader of their party in the House of Representatives , some party leaders opt to serve in
1638-1215: The Opposition Judiciary Constitutional Court Administrative Court Court of Justice (ordinary jurisdiction) Supreme Court Administrative divisions Counties Municipalities Cities Villages Elections Recent elections Presidential 2012 2017 2022 Parliamentary 2017 2021 next Local 2015 2019 2023 Referendums 1994 1997 1998 Political parties Parliamentary PD PS LSI PDIU FRD PR PBDNJ LIBRA Foreign relations Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs Minister : Igli Hasani Diplomatic missions of / in Albania Nationality law Passport Visa requirements Visa policy [REDACTED] Albania v t e The New Democratic Spirit ( Albanian : Fryma e Re Demokratike )
1701-400: The Parliament are held 30 to 60 days before the end of the mandate, and at most 45 days after its dissolution. The electoral system is closed list proportional representation. There are 12 multi-member constituencies , corresponding to the 12 counties of the country. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with a 2.5% electoral threshold . Within any constituency, parties must meet
1764-560: The Parliament are published on Fletorja Zyrtare , which is the official journal of the Government of Albania . The oldest Assembly with extant records was held in Lezhë on 2 March 1444. The League of Lezhë (Kuvendi i Lezhës) forged in Lezhë under Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu as the leader against the Ottoman Empire . The word Kuvend , in definite form kuvendi , is a very old word in
1827-466: The President is elected by the parliament. The current members were chosen in the 2021 election . In 2023, the parliament's website was targeted by a cyberattack by what were reported to be members of an Iran-based hacker group called Homeland Justice, rendering it temporarily inaccessible. The Parliament's powers are defined by the Constitution of Albania . The Parliament represents the citizens of
1890-598: The Right Democratic Renewal Party G99 Green Party of Albania Lëvizja Bashkë Liberal Democratic Alliance Party of Albania Liberal Democratic Union Liberal Union Party of Albania Libra Party Macedonian Alliance for European Integration Movement for Solidarity National Social Integration Party National Unity Party Natural Albania New Democratic Spirit Nisma Thurje Omonoia Party for Defence of Workers Rights Party for
1953-644: The Senate Kamala Harris, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate Patty Murray , Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin on the Democratic side, and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Minority Whip John Thune on the Republican side. The party leaders of the House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in
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2016-580: The assembly of Lezha, members from the families: Kastrioti , Arianiti , Zaharia , Muzaka , Spani , Thopia and members of the Balsha and Crnojević which were linked matrilineally or via marriage to the Kastrioti were present. The members contributed to the League with men and money, while maintaining control of the internal affairs of their domains. Soon after its creation the pro-Venetian Balšići and Crnojevići left
2079-498: The basis of direct, universal, periodic and equal suffrage by secret ballot . The Parliament is presided over by the Speaker , who is assisted by at least one deputy speaker. The electoral system is based on party-list proportional representation . There are 12 multi-seat constituencies , corresponding to the country's counties . The Parliament's powers are defined by the Constitution of Albania . Among its responsibilities, it has
2142-530: The cabinet as a minister . In the Republic of Korea , Representatives of most political parties are elected through elections of party members. The representative of the Democratic Party of Korea is Song Young-gil, who was elected in May 2021, and the representative of the conservative opposition PPP is Lee Jun-seok , a famous young politician who was elected in June 2021. In the Democratic party's presidential election, it
2205-463: The chair of the Republican Party . Parliament of Albania Supported by (3) Opposition (62) The Parliament of Albania ( Albanian : Kuvendi i Shqipërisë ) or Kuvendi is the unicameral representative body of the citizens of the Republic of Albania ; it is Albania's legislature . The Parliament is composed of no less than 140 members elected to a four-year term on
2268-511: The chairperson, who is the party leader, and other board members) play a much more prominent role in German politics than they do in many other countries, where the parties are mainly represented by their members and leaders in government. Although the party leaders often also hold important public offices (such as government minister or parliamentary leader ), those roles are clearly separated, even by law. Consequently, it does occasionally happen that
2331-615: The chief, the fore-elder, the elder, the young, or the little ones, who intend to resolve any issue or to bind the Besa . The term in the modern history of the Albanian state was used from the very first day of its creation. On 28 November 1912, the most influential and prominent figures of Albania gathered in the so-called All-Albanian Congress held in Vlorë , where Kuvendi i Vlorës (the Assembly of Vlora )
2394-512: The city of Lezhë on 2 March 1444. The League of Lezhë is considered as the first unified independent Albanian country in the Medieval age , with Skanderbeg as leader of the regional Albanian chieftains and nobles united against the Ottoman Empire . Skanderbeg was proclaimed "Chief of the League of the Albanian people" while Skanderbeg always signed himself as " Dominus Albaniae" ( Albanian : Zot i Arbërisë , English : Lord of Albania ). At
2457-645: The completion of a leadership election . Exceptions to this process sometimes occur when Members of Parliament leave their former party to form a new party; examples of this include when Jean-François Fortin quit the Bloc Québécois to form Strength in Democracy in 2014 and when Maxime Bernier quit the Conservative Party to form the People's Party of Canada in 2018. The leaders of communist parties often hold
2520-519: The congressional delegates themselves and would have a temporary mandate until elections are held. In this period, the principles of parliamentarism are affirmed for the first time: the appointment and dismissal of the Government by the Council, as well as the exercise of parliamentary control over it. The National Council met for the first time on 27 March 1920 in newly established capital, Tirana , while
2583-520: The electoral system which was by indirect election with two rounds. In the first round, based on the administrative division according to the Districts of Albania , every 500 men would elect a delegate, who consequently in the second round will elect a total of 75 members of the National Council, thus making one member elected by about 12,000 eligible voters. Although with many problems, this law paved
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2646-499: The era Democratic Government of Albania and prior to the formation of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania . From 1947 to 1991, during the era of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania , Albania's legislature was known as the People's Assembly (Albanian: Kuvendi Popullor ). Since 1997, the parliament has been known simply as the Parliament of the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë ). Currently
2709-510: The first session was opened by Mytesim Këlliçi until through vote Xhemal Naipi was elected, becoming the 1st Chairman of the National Council . Although the first Albanian legislature extended its activity in a short period of time, it managed to pass some important laws. Some of the most important acts were the Lushnja Statute which constituted a constitutional law, as well as the new electoral law passed on 5 December. This law established
2772-409: The government and other civil services responding to Parliament, granting amnesty for criminal offences and performing other duties defined by the Constitution. The Parliament also elects the President of the Republic . When the Parliament is elected, the first session shall be held no later than 20 days after the completion of elections with the President as the speaker. However, all laws passed by
2835-575: The government would have to consult with it on major issues related to the fate of the state. However, due to internal divisions the Senate never convened, becoming one of the reasons for the dismissal of the Government of Durrës in January 1920. After the dismissal of the Government of Durrës, among others, the Congress of Lushnja established the Senate as the first Albanian legislative body, which would later be named Këshilli Kombëtar (National Council). The council would consist of 37 members elected by
2898-441: The highest political office. The party leader is often responsible for managing the party's relationship with the general public and leading the competition against political rivals, similar to the role of a party spokesperson . As such, they will take a leading role in developing and communicating party platforms to the electorate. In many representative democracies , party leaders compete directly for high political office. It
2961-470: The leaders of a German party are not even members of parliament, such as Saskia Esken and Lars Klingbeil , who are incumbent the chairpersons of the (governing) Social Democrats . This sometimes leads to open conflicts between the party leadership, its parliamentary group and its members of government. In the Netherlands , the party leaders are the most senior politicians within the political parties in
3024-552: The leadership may be automatically bestowed on an incumbent president who belongs to the party (such as the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan). In countries using the Westminster system, the leader of the largest political party not within the government serves as the leader of the opposition . In Canada , the leaders of all major political parties are chosen during their respective political party's leadership conventions upon
3087-570: The league in the events that led to the Albanian–Venetian War (1447-48). The peace treaty of the Albanian-Venetian war signed on October 4, 1448 is the first diplomatic document on which the league appears as an independent entity. Barleti referred to the meeting as the generalis concilium or universum concilium ("general council" or "whole council"); the term "League of Lezhë" was coined by subsequent historians. League of Lezhë it
3150-510: The northern areas of Albania, from Dukagjini itself to what is called Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit or simply Kanuni . In the nineteenth century with the transcription of these laws by Father Shtjefën Gjeçovi , for the first time the institutional meaning of the word is given in written form where in Chapter 148 , Article 1106 of the Kanun it is said: Kuvendi is a union of kin or several kins with
3213-1889: The original on 11 May 2013. ^ "Zyrtarisht Bamir Topi kryetar i Frymës së Re Demokratike" . NOA (in Albanian). 7 September 2012. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. External links [ edit ] Official website [REDACTED] v t e Political parties in Albania Parliament Major Socialist Party (74) Democratic Party (49) Minor Freedom Party (4) Social Democratic Party (3) Republican Party (3) Party for Justice, Integration and Unity (2) Legality Movement Party (2) Environmentalist Agrarian Party (1) Unity for Human Rights Party (1) Movement for National Development (1) Non-parliamentary Albanian Affairs Party Albanian Business Party Albanian Christian Democratic Movement Albanian Democratic Monarchist Movement Party Albanian Democratic Union Party Albanian Homeland Party Albanian National Alliance Party Albanian National Front Party Albanian National League Albanian National Reconciliation Party Albanian National Security Party Albanian Party of Democratic Reforms Albanian Path of Truth Party Albanian Republican United Party Albanian Socialist Alliance Party Albanian Workers Movement Party Alliance for Equality and European Justice Alliance for Welfare and Solidarity Christian Democratic Party of Albania Communist Party of Albania Communist Party of Albania 8 November Demochristian Party of Albania Democratic Alliance Party Democratic Conviction Democratic National Front Party Democratic Party of
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#17328769960693276-449: The party and is usually considered to become the head of government . However, a party leader may also put forward a different candidate for the elections. The party leader (chairperson) can not be the same as the party's General Secretary . The method of selection of the party leader varies from party to party, though often it will involve an election involving all or part of the party membership. In some parties, only incumbent members of
3339-590: The period of the Albanian Republic , the country had a bicameral legislature, consisting of a Senate ( Albanian : Senati ) and a Chamber of Deputies . From 1928 to 1939, during the era of the Albanian Monarchy , Albania's legislature was known simply as the Parliament (Albanian: Parlamenti). During the Italian occupation of Albania and the existence of the 1939-43 Albanian Kingdom , Albania's legislature
3402-414: The power to amend the borders of Albania or the Constitution, pass all laws, approve the cabinet , supervise the work of the government, declare war, decide on cessation of hostilities, adopt the state's budgets and approve the state's accounts. Other duties include calling referendums , performing elections and appointments conforming to the Constitution and applicable legislation, supervising operations of
3465-551: The public. The parliament decides through a majority votes, in the presence of more than half of its members, except for cases where the constitution provides for a qualified majority. However, certain decisions are made by three-fifths majority votes. Other powers of the parliament include defining economic, legal and political relations in Albania; preservation of Albania's natural and cultural heritage and its utilisation; and forming alliances with other nations. The parliament elect
3528-420: The ruling period, and that the Party Chairman is elected by party members during the opposition period. The Party constitution of the Kuomintang provides that the party chairman is directly elected by party members. The current chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party is President Lai Ching-te . The current chairman of the Kuomintang is former Vice Premier Eric Chu . In Turkey , the party chairpersons are
3591-473: The term "anointed" occurs informally or in media discourse). Sir Keir Starmer is leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister , while Kemi Badenoch was elected the leader of the Conservative Party , and thus Leader of the Opposition , in November 2024. If elected, political parties have party leaders in the executive branch of the United States government. The President becomes the de facto leader of their respective political party once elected, and
3654-455: The title of general secretary (e.g. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party ) and the officeholder is usually considered the paramount leader of China. On 15 November 2012, Xi Jinping was elected General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party at the 18th Communist Party national congress . The party organizations themselves and also their representatives (such as
3717-407: The way for the creation of the first two Albanian parties which were: Partia Popullore (the Popular Party) led by Fan Noli , and Partia Përparimtare (the Progressive Party) led by Hoxhë Kadriu and Shefqet Verlaci . The legislative activity of the National Council ended on 20 December 1920, when the Council was dissolved to give way to the first elections in Albania on 21 April 1921. During
3780-405: The word Kuvendi itself are part of the Albanian dictionary which is published periodically by the Academy of Sciences of Albania , and have been used, and continue to be widely used interchangeably to indicate the same thing, by serving more as a synonym for each other than as a translation. The League of Lezhë was a military and diplomatic alliance of the Albanian aristocracy , created in
3843-431: Was constituted and which as the first decision declared unanimously the Independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire . Kuvend was later reused to name the country's legislative institution after the communists took power in 1946, refusing to use words borrowed from foreign languages and previously used by other regimes or governments. Today, words such as Asambleja (the Assembly), Parlamenti (the Parliament), or
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#17328769960693906-432: Was formed by politicians opposing the Nazi puppet government. Later during multiple periods of regime changes, Albania's legislature was known as the Constituent Assembly ( Albanian : Asambleja Kushtetuese or Kuvendi Kushtetues ). This occurred in 1924, prior to the formation of the Albanian Republic , in 1928, prior to the formation of the first iteration of the Albanian Kingdom , and from 1946 to 1947, prior during
3969-409: Was known as the Supreme Fascist Cooperative ( Albanian : Korporativi i Epërm Fashist ). From 1943 to 1944, during Nazi occupation of Albania and the formation of the 1943-44 Albanian Kingdom , Albania's legislature was known as the National Assembly (Albanian: Kuvendi Kombëtar ). From 1944 to late 1945, a National Anti-fascist Liberation Council (Albanian: Këshilli Antifashist Nacional Çlirimtar )
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