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62-628: Built in the 1820s as a typical small farmhouse, it was expanded in the mid-19th century. Greeley, editor of the New-York Tribune , settled in Chappaqua shortly before the Civil War in the mid-19th century, living there with his family primarily during the summer. After a mob of citizens opposed to Greeley's abolitionist editorial stance threatened his wife at their earlier "House in the Woods," Greeley bought

124-645: A century later, by which time the pantry had become a floor-to-ceiling cabinet in the Post-Vietnam War kitchen . During the Victorian era and until the Second World War , when housing changed considerably, pantries were commonplace in virtually all American homes. This was because kitchens were small and strictly utilitarian, and not the domestic center of the home. Thus, pantries were important workspaces with their built-in shelving, cupboards and countertops. In

186-501: A few weeks later. Tribune editor Whitelaw Reid purchased the paper following Greeley's death. In 1886, with Reid's support, the Tribune became the first publication in the world to be printed on a linotype machine , which was invented by a German immigrant, inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler . This technique allowed it to exceed the standard newspaper size of only eight pages while still speeding up printing time per copy, thereby increasing

248-465: A house. It became one of the centers of the increasingly more suburban community's social life. Early in the new century, the Glendenins began breaking up the farm. By 1900 the original railroad station (a few hundred feet north of the current station 's platforms) was no longer adequate for the growing community's needs. Gabrielle settled a dispute over where to locate a new station by donating land on

310-629: A kitchen cabinet is called a " mizuya tansu ". A substantial tradition of woodworking and cabinetry in general developed in Japan, especially throughout the Tokugawa period . A huge number of designs for tansu (chests or cabinets) were made, each tailored towards one specific purpose or another. The idea is very similar to that of the Hoosier cabinet , with a wide variety of functions being served by specific design innovations. A butler's pantry or serving pantry

372-404: A large picnic reception and luncheon on the southern portion of the farm, the land now the large lawn in front of Saint Mary. Mary Greeley died a few days before the election, in which Grant was the clear victor. The combination of those two events had a deleterious effect on Greeley's own health, and he died a few weeks later, before all the votes had been counted, the only time that has happened to

434-568: A large readership, with a circulation of approximately 200,000 during the 1850s. This made the paper the largest circulation daily in New York City—gaining commensurate influence among voters and political decision-makers in the process. During the Civil War Greeley crusaded against slavery, lambasting Democrats while calling for a mandatory draft of soldiers for the first time in the U.S. This led to an Irish mob attempting to burn down

496-410: A layer of storm glass, with minimal wooden sills and lintels. They are smaller on the first floor's north. All are flanked by louvered wooden shutters . At the east gable apex, split by the chimney, are two louvered lunettes ; opposite there are just two more smaller six-over-six windows, with the middle bay on that facade left blind. The roofline is marked by a plain frieze and overhanging eave on

558-441: A major presidential candidate. Now orphaned, the two Greeley daughters nevertheless returned to Chappaqua in the summer of 1873. They were accompanied by their older cousin, Cecilia Cleveland, and her mother. Cecilia later wrote a memoir of that summer in which she extolled the joys of the house, with its city amenities and country setting. It was a place where one could "dream away an entire morning", one she did not want to leave at

620-498: A modern suburb whose residents still lived in natural surroundings on large lots but commuted daily to jobs in the city. With the onset of the Great Depression of the 1930s the house was neglected and fell into disrepair. By 1940 it was looking as if it might have to be demolished. It was saved by two residents, who commissioned a local architect to preside over a restoration that year. One of them, Gladys Capen Mills, lived on

682-457: A new family home, Hillside House, located a short distance down the entrance road to the farm (which has since been extended and paved as Senter Street). It was completed in 1872, but before moving in he accepted the nomination of the Democratic and Liberal Republican parties to run against incumbent Ulysses S. Grant in that year's presidential election . After accepting the nominations he held

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744-464: A two-story porch runs the full width of the house. Wooden steps lead up to it from the west, with a brick wheelchair ramp and modern aluminum railings providing access to the wooden deck from the east. Square wooden pillars rising to a molded cornice support the balustraded balcony level. The main entrance, at the west side, has a paneled wooden door flanked by two sidelights. The windows are all set with six-over-six double-hung sash protected by

806-631: A variety of pantries in self-sufficient farmsteads . Butler's pantries, or China pantries, were built between the dining room and kitchen of a middle-class English or American home, especially in the latter part of the 19th into the early 20th centuries. Great estates, such as the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina or Stan Hywet Hall in Akron, Ohio , had many pantries and other domestic "offices", echoing their British " great house " counterparts. By

868-451: Is a utility room in a large house, primarily used to store serving items, rather than food. Traditionally, a butler's pantry was used for cleaning, counting, and storage of silver. European butlers often slept in the pantry, as their job was to keep the silver under lock and key. The merchant's account books and wine log may also have been kept in there. The room would be used by the butler and other domestic staff. Even in households where there

930-609: Is no butller, it is often called a butler's pantry. In modern houses, butler's pantries are usually located in transitional spaces between kitchens and dining rooms and are used as staging areas for serving meals. They commonly contain countertops , as well as storage for candles, serving pieces, table linens, tableware, wine, and other dining room articles. More elaborate versions may include dishwashers , refrigerators , or sinks. Butler's pantries have become popular in recent times. Certain foods, such as butter , eggs , and milk , need to be kept cool. Before modern refrigeration

992-502: Is responsible for this room is referred to as a pantler. There were similar rooms for cooler storage of meats and lard/butter ( larder ), alcoholic beverages ( buttery , known for the "butts", or barrels, stored there), and cooking ( kitchen ). In the United States , pantries evolved from early Colonial American " butteries ", built in a cold north corner of a colonial home (more commonly referred to and spelled as "butt'ry"), into

1054-404: The New-York Tribune , bought the first part of what would eventually become a 78-acre (32 ha) farm nearby, much of it developed for that purpose either by Greeley himself or under his supervision to use as an experimental farm, testing new agricultural techniques he wrote about in his column. While he was frequently ridiculed for this in his day, due to his own professed previous ignorance of

1116-610: The Hoosier cabinet and its many imitators soon became an essential fixture in American kitchens. Often billed as a "pantry and kitchen in one", the Hoosier brought the ease and readiness of a pantry, with its many storage spaces and working counter, right into the kitchen. It was sold in catalogues and through a unique sales program geared towards farm wives. Today, the Hoosier cabinet is a much sought-after domestic icon and widely reproduced. Chapters of earlier books, particularly written during

1178-556: The New-York Tribune . Greeley sponsored a host of reforms, including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hardworking free laborer. Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal. He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption. He talked endlessly about progress, improvement, and freedom, while calling for harmony between labor and capital. Greeley's editorials promoted social democratic reforms and were widely reprinted. They influenced

1240-581: The Tribune building in lower Manhattan during the Draft Riots . Greeley ran for president as the nominee of the Liberal Republican Party (and subsequently the Democratic Party ) in the 1872 election against incumbent Ulysses S. Grant in his bid for a second term. Greeley was unsuccessful and, soon after the defeat, checked into Dr. George C.S. Choate's Sanitarium , where he died only

1302-481: The Victorian era , large houses and estates in Britain maintained the use of separate rooms, each one dedicated to distinct stages of food preparation and cleanup. The kitchen was for cooking, while food was stored in a storeroom, pantry or cellar. Meat preparation was done in a larder as game would come in undressed, fish unfilleted, and meat in half or quarter carcasses. Vegetable cleaning and preparation would be done in

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1364-459: The eponymous parkway and Metro-North Railroad 's Harlem Line , are in a corridor 600 feet (180 m) to the west. To its west are one-story commercial buildings interspersed with parking lots. North and east, going uphill on King, are a church on the same side of the street, followed by houses of more modern construction. The local fire department headquarters are on the southeast, with New Castle's community center across Senter Street buffering

1426-552: The kitchen . The word "pantry" derives from the same source as the Old French term paneterie ; that is from pain , the French form of the Latin panis , "bread". In a late medieval hall , there were separate rooms for the various service functions and food storage . The pantry was a dry room where bread was kept and food preparation was done. The head of the office who

1488-429: The scullery . Dishwashing was done in a scullery or butler's pantry, "depending on the type of dish and level of dirt". Since the scullery was the room with running water with a sink, it was where the messiest food preparation took place, such as cleaning fish and cutting raw meat. The pantry was where tableware was stored, such as China, glassware , and silverware . If the pantry had a sink for washing tableware, it

1550-583: The 1840s through the 1860s it was the dominant newspaper first of the American Whig Party , then of the Republican Party . The paper achieved a circulation of approximately 200,000 in the 1850s, making it the largest daily paper in New York City at the time. The Tribune ' s editorials were widely read, shared, and copied in other city newspapers, helping to shape national opinion. It was one of

1612-511: The 20th century. Greeley's wife, however, found it shady and remote; at one point, the couple invited young Spiritualist Kate Fox to live with them for four months while they attempted to contact the spirit of their dead son through seances . The Greeleys were visited there by Henry David Thoreau , who shared Greeley's interest in land conservation . The Tribune published Thoreau's essay "The Succession of Forest Trees", after he and Greeley had an extensive discussion of forestry on one visit;

1674-466: The Haviland house, conspicuously located on the main road, from the estate of Caleb Sands, its later owner. The Greeleys continued its expansion, adding a music room to the north end. Still, the family lived in the house only during summers, shipping the piano up with them every spring. Greeley himself could only enjoy the house on weekends, due to the demands of his editorial position at the Tribune . After

1736-562: The Virgin, outside London. It was completed in 1906 on the 4-acre (1.6 ha) parcel where her father had held his campaign picnic over 40 years earlier. Eight years later the memorial sculpture to Horace Greeley was installed in the small park across from the train station; in 1916 the Glendenins transferred the chapel to the Episcopal Diocese of New York , again with some stipulations, including one that they and their children be buried behind

1798-408: The baseball fields beyond. A white wooden picket fence with a gate sets off the house from the sidewalk. The building itself is a two-story five-by-three- bay timber frame structure on a brick foundation sided in clapboard and topped by a shingled gabled roof pierced by two brick chimneys. A two-story flat-roofed extension projects from the south (rear) facade . On the north (front) face,

1860-420: The church. Gabrielle and her husband held on to the rest of the farm property until the late 1920s. She sold the house in 1926, ending 62 years of Greeley ownership. The rest of the farm was sold to a developer the next year, and subdivided into the commercial downtown it is now, completing the transformation of Chappaqua from the quiet country place to which Horace Greeley had escaped to practice farming into

1922-528: The common food stocks kept in a cold pantry. Vegetables could be brought up from the root cellar in smaller amounts and stored in the cold pantry until ready to use. With space in the icebox at a premium, the cold pantry was a great place to store fresh berries and fruit. First developed in the early 1900s by the Hoosier Manufacturing Company in New Castle, Indiana , and popular into the 1930s,

Greeley House (Chappaqua, New York) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-513: The early 21st century, it is now the offices of the New Castle Historical Society. The house is located on a one-third-acre (1,200 m) lot in the corner between the two streets, at the bottom of a steep hill King descends from the east. It is at the eastern edge of downtown Chappaqua, an unincorporated hamlet of the town of New Castle nestled in a level area of a hilly region. The Saw Mill River , paralleled closely by

2046-408: The east and west sides. Inside, the house follows a sidehall plan. The front room was originally the parlor, used for entertaining visitors, with the rear devoted to the dining room. The kitchen, with a small pantry , is in the rear. A small music room is on the north. Behind it are the stairs to the second floor. Above the pantry is a small bedroom, originally the maid's. Two larger bedrooms occupy

2108-457: The end of the season for the busier city. Her narrative depicts the emergence of an early suburban lifestyle, one that was going to continue all over Westchester County during the next decades. When the Greeleys had come to Chappaqua two decades earlier, they were practically alone in living this way. Since then others had discovered it, and Westchester had become a summer suburb. After that summer

2170-404: The era of domestic science and home economics in the latter half of the 19th century, featured how to furnish, keep, and clean a pantry. Catharine E. Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe , in their seminal The American Woman's Home (1869), advocated the elimination of the pantry by installing pantry shelving and cabinetry in the kitchen. This idea did not take hold in American households until

2232-496: The farmhouse and moved his family there, near the hundred acres (40 ha) where he ran a small farm and practiced experimental agricultural techniques. After the war, Greeley built a mansion called "Hillside House" to live in, but died along with his wife shortly after the 1872 presidential election , where he ran on the Liberal Republican line against incumbent Ulysses S. Grant , so his children lived there instead, pioneering

2294-529: The first decade of the 21st century, two architects oversaw another restoration of the house, to an appearance closer to that which it had had during the Greeley era. It has been the society's offices since then. New-York Tribune The New-York Tribune (from 1914: New York Tribune ) was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley . It bore the moniker New-York Daily Tribune from 1842 to 1866 before returning to its original name. From

2356-613: The first papers in the North to send reporters, correspondents, and illustrators to cover the campaigns of the American Civil War . It continued as an independent daily newspaper until 1924, when it merged with the New York Herald . The resulting New York Herald Tribune remained in publication until 1966. Among those who served on the paper's editorial board were Bayard Taylor , George Ripley , and Isidor Lewi . The Tribune

2418-785: The free-labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform, but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe. To promote multiple reforms, Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including Margaret Fuller , Charles Anderson Dana , George William Curtis , William Henry Fry , Bayard Taylor , George Ripley , Julius Chambers , and Henry Jarvis Raymond , who later co-founded The New York Times . In 1852–62,

2480-522: The last chapter of These Happy Golden Years , Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote a descriptive account of the pantry that Almanzo Wilder built for her in their first home together in DeSmet, South Dakota . It details a working farmhouse pantry in great detail, which she sees for the first time after her marriage to Wilder and subsequent journey to their new home. Pantry raids were often common themes in children's literature and early 20th century advertising. Perhaps

2542-575: The late nineteenth century are available on the Library of Congress ' website . The original paper articles from the newspaper's morgue are kept at The Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin . Pantry A pantry is a room or cupboard where beverages , food , (sometimes) dishes, household cleaning products, linens or provisions are stored within a home or office. Food and beverage pantries serve in an ancillary capacity to

Greeley House (Chappaqua, New York) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-402: The meetinghouse and its environs as the center of social and public life in Chappaqua. The railroad also drew city residents to Chappaqua. In the early 1850s the Haviland house was extended by a third and its exterior decorated with the piazza -style porch and balcony, Victorian mantles and French windows . Similar decorative woodwork was added inside. In 1853, Horace Greeley , the editor of

2666-584: The middle of the century the New York and Harlem Railroad , later part of the New York Central , was built along the Saw Mill River . The connection to New York changed Chappaqua's economy in two ways. The first was more immediately felt. Its farmers now had easy access to the markets of New York City to the south and began raising cash crops for it. Slowly the station and the neighborhood around it displaced

2728-523: The overall number of copies that could be printed. Under Reid's son, Ogden Mills Reid , the paper acquired and merged with the New York Herald in 1924 to form the New York Herald Tribune . The New York Herald Tribune continued to be run by Ogden M. Reid until his death in 1947. Copies of the New-York Tribune are available on microfilm at many large libraries and online at the Library of Congress . Also, indices from selected years in

2790-404: The paper retained Karl Marx as its London-based European correspondent. Friedrich Engels also submitted articles under Marx's by-line. Marx resented much of his time working for the Tribune , particularly the many edits and deadlines they imposed upon him, and bemoaned the "excessive fragmentation of [his] studies", noting that since much of his work was reporting on current economic events, "I

2852-463: The railroad. The Chappaqua property met two of those conditions, with a small bog standing in for the spring and brook. In order to maximize the benefit of living in the countryside and escaping the hot city, Greeley built what his family came to refer to as the "House in the Woods" in what is still a wooded area southeast of the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin that his daughter Gabrielle had built early in

2914-414: The relationship continued to later years, when Greeley invited Thoreau to tutor the family's children. During the Civil War , Greeley continued his advocacy for abolition in the Tribune' s editorial pages. A mob angered by this threatened the house, and Mary was prepared to blow it up if that happened again during the 1863 New York City draft riots . The next year, he bowed to her complaints and bought

2976-431: The rest of the floor. The house has passed through four distinct periods. After its construction around 1820 as a modest farmhouse, Horace Greeley expanded it around the time of his arrival. His daughters maintained it after his death but largely lived elsewhere; since they sold it has been restored twice after nearly being demolished in the mid-20th century. The house was built by a farmer named Haviland around 1820. At

3038-411: The second floor and ran a small gift shop downstairs. For some of that time the kitchen was also used as a restaurant. In 1959 a local family bought it and expanded the gift shop to use the entire house, remodeling the interior for that purpose and adding the flat-roofed south addition. They remained in business there until 1998. After they closed, the New Castle Historical Society bought it. Throughout

3100-536: The southwest corner of the farm that was used to construct a new station, opened in 1902 and now itself listed on the National Register. She stipulated that the area in front of it be left as a park to honor her father. A year afterwards, the Glendenin's daughter Muriel died at the age of five. They commissioned architect Morgan O'Brien to build a memorial chapel to her based on a medieval English church, Saint Mary

3162-401: The subject, much of the advice he published in those columns was actually correct. Originally the farm was intended to be a summer residence for the Greeley family. His wife Mary, who like her husband was still distraught over the death of the couple's five-year-old son a year or so earlier, had insisted that any such property had to have a spring-fed babbling brook, evergreen forest and be near

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3224-474: The suburban lifestyle that was later to define Chappaqua and its neighboring communities. Both of Greeley's other houses burned down later in the 19th century, leaving the Greeley House the only one extant. It, too, was almost demolished after falling into serious neglect in the early 20th century. After its restoration in 1940, it was used as a restaurant and gift shop. Following another restoration effort in

3286-419: The summertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would usually hover several degrees lower than the ambient temperature in the house, while in the wintertime, the temperature in the cold pantry would be considerably lower than that in the house. A cold pantry was the perfect place to keep food stocks that did not necessarily need to be kept refrigerated. Breads, butter, cheesecakes, eggs, pastries, and pie were

3348-539: The time it was a fairly simple, plain farmhouse, typical of the location and the period. While it was located on the main road through the area, the center of Chappaqua was a mile (1.6 km) further up it, the area around the extant Quaker meetinghouse established by the settlement's founders eight decades earlier, now listed on the National Register as the Old Chappaqua Historic District . In

3410-409: The top vented to the outside, either through the roof or high out the wall. A second opening near the bottom vented also to the outside, but low near the ground and usually on the north side of the house, where the air was cooler. As the air in the pantry warmed, it rose, escaping through the upper vent. This in turn drew cooler air in from the lower vent, providing constant circulation of cooler air. In

3472-455: The war, Greeley continued to farm the property and test new agricultural methods. In 1870, a bumper crop of apples resulted in Greeley making more cider than he was able to sell. Later that year, on a hillside corner of the farm, now expanded to a hundred acres (40 ha), he built the first concrete barn in the nation. It was later converted into a house and named Rehoboth , also listed on the National Register. Greeley began planning and building

3534-614: Was a wooden sink lined with lead to prevent chipping the China and glassware while they were being washed. In some middle-class houses, the larder, pantry, and storeroom might simply be large wooden cupboards, each with its exclusive purpose. Traditionally, kitchens in Asia have been more open format than those of the West. The function of the pantry was generally served by wooden cabinetry. For example, in Japan ,

3596-402: Was available, iceboxes were popular. However, the problem with an icebox was that the cabinet housing it was large, but the actual refrigerated space was relatively small. A clever and innovative solution was invented, the "cold pantry", sometimes called a "California cooler." The cold pantry usually consisted of a cabinet or cupboard with wooden-slat shelves for air circulation. An opening near

3658-455: Was compelled to become conversant with practical detail which, strictly speaking, lie outside the sphere of political economy". Engels wrote "It doesn't matter if they are never read again.". In the same correspondence Marx disparagingly referred to the publication as a "blotting paper vendor". Nevertheless, Engels cited this career as a positive achievement of Marx's during a eulogy given at his funeral. Edgar Allan Poe 's poem " Annabel Lee "

3720-470: Was created by Horace Greeley in 1841 with the goal of providing a straightforward, trustworthy media source. Greeley had previously published a weekly newspaper, The New Yorker (unrelated to the later modern magazine of the same name), in 1833 and was also publisher of the Whig Party 's political organ, Log Cabin . In 1841, he merged operations of these two publications into a new newspaper that he named

3782-485: Was first published in the newspaper as part of his October 9, 1849, obituary, "Death of Edgar A. Poe", by Rufus Griswold . In addition, Poe's "The Bells" was published in the October 17, 1849, issue as "Poe's Last Poem". Founded in a time of civil unrest, the paper joined the newly formed Republican Party in 1854, named it after the party of Thomas Jefferson , and emphasized its opposition to slavery. The paper generated

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3844-526: Was over, Ida and Gabrielle moved into Hillside House. In 1875, the "House in the Woods" burned down, shortly before Ida married. Seven years later, she died. In 1890, Hillside House also burned down, leaving the old farmhouse the only one of Horace Greeley's three Chappaqua homes standing. Two years later, Gabrielle Greeley and her husband, The Rev. Frank Glendenin, pastor of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Manhattan, hired Ralph Adams Cram to remodel Rehoboth into

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