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33-504: Neuzelle is situated in the north of the historic Lower Lusatia region near the border with Poland , about 8 km (5.0 mi) south of Eisenhüttenstadt . The municipal area along the Dorche creek, a tributary of the Oder River, since 2001 also comprises the villages of Bahro, Bomsdorf, Göhlen, Henzendorf, Kobbeln, Möbiskruge, Ossendorf, Schwerzko, Steinsdorf, Streichwitz, and Treppeln. In

66-399: A voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] instead of the alveolar trill [r] . In villages and rural areas, German influence is less marked, and the pronunciation is more "typically Slavic". Lower Sorbian has both final devoicing and regressive voicing assimilation : The hard postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ is assimilated to [ɕ] before /t͡ɕ/ : The vowel inventory of Lower Sorbian is exactly

99-577: A small part of Lusatia east of the Oder–Neisse line was incorporated into Poland , Żary has been touted as the capital of Polish Lusatia. The area of Lower Lusatia roughly corresponds with the eastern March of Lusatia or Saxon Eastern March between the Saale and Bóbr rivers, which about 965 was severed from the vast Marca Geronis , conquered by the Saxon count Gero in the course of his campaigns against

132-565: Is a West Slavic minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia , today part of Brandenburg . Standard Lower Sorbian is one of the two literary Sorbian languages , the other being the more widely spoken standard Upper Sorbian . The Lower Sorbian literary standard was developed in the 18th century, based on a southern form of the Cottbus dialect. The standard variety of Lower Sorbian has received structural influence from Upper Sorbian. Lower Sorbian

165-720: Is a historical region in Central Europe , stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland . Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish . This sparsely inhabited area within the North European Plain ( Northern Lowland )

198-663: Is based on the Latin script but uses diacritics such as the acute accent and caron . Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Lower Sorbian: Wšykne luźe su lichotne roźone a jadnake po dostojnosći a pšawach. Woni maju rozym a wědobnosć a maju ze sobu w duchu bratšojstwa wobchadaś. (All people are born free and equal in their dignity and rights. They are given reason and conscience and they shall create their relationships to one another according to

231-638: Is characterised by extended pine forests, heathlands and meadows. In the north it is confined by the middle Spree River with Lake Schwielochsee and its eastern continuation across the Oder at Fürstenberg to Chlebowo . In the glacial valley between Lübben and Cottbus , the Spree River branches out into the Spreewald ("Spree Woods") riparian forest . Other rivers include the Berste and Oelse tributaries as well as

264-548: Is spoken in and around the city of Cottbus in Brandenburg . Signs in this region are typically bilingual, and Cottbus has a Lower Sorbian Gymnasium where one language of instruction is Lower Sorbian. It is a heavily endangered language . Most native speakers today belong to the older generations. The phonology of Lower Sorbian has been greatly influenced by contact with German , especially in Cottbus and larger towns. For example, German-influenced pronunciation tends to have

297-582: The Grenzwall (literally "border dike", although it is in fact a morainic ridge), the eastern continuation of the Fläming Heath . In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Today it is roughly congruent of the border between Brandenburg and the state of Saxony . In the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, Lower Lusatia

330-757: The Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg . In 1324, the northern part passed to the House of Wittelsbach . From 1364, entire Lower Lusatia was ruled by the Duchy of Jawor-Świdnica, and after the death of Duke Bolko II the Small it passed to the Kingdom of Bohemia (Czechia). In 1367 Elector Otto V sold it to Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg who incorporated Lower Lusatia into the Bohemian Crown . Charles' father King John of Bohemia had already acquired

363-558: The Gross-Rosen concentration camp , the prisoners of which included Jewish women and Polish, French, Soviet, Croatian and Czech men. During the war, the Poles postulated that after the defeat of Germany, the Sorbs should be allowed free national development either within the borders of Poland or Czechoslovakia , or as an independent Sorbian state in alliance with Poland. With the implementation of

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396-823: The Habsburg monarchy in 1526. It remained Catholic during the Protestant Reformation , even after the Lutheran Electorate of Saxony had acquired the Lusatias from the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II by the 1635 Peace of Prague . Heavily demolished in the Thirty Years' War , the church was again rebuilt in a Baroque style including rich interior decorations quite unique in Northern Germany . By

429-677: The Muzeum Pogranicza Śląsko-Łużyckiego ("Museum of Silesian-Lusatian Borderland") in Żary . Żary is the origin place of kiełbasa żarska , a local type of kiełbasa , whereas the Gubin area is the place of cultivation of the gubinka plum , both traditional foods officially protected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland . 52°N 14°E  /  52°N 14°E  / 52; 14 Lower Sorbian language Lower Sorbian ( endonym : dolnoserbšćina )

462-579: The Oder–Neisse line by the 1945 Potsdam Conference , the lands east of the Neisse river became again part of Poland, and the remaining German population was expelled by the Soviet-installed Communist authorities in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement , whereas the western part became part of also Communist East Germany . The Lower Lusatian bull is first documented in 1363. In 1378, upon

495-543: The Polabian Slavs from 939 onwards. Odo I became the first margrave ; his successor Gero II from 1002 onwards had to face several attacks by Polish duke Bolesław I Chrobry , which did not end until the 1018 Treaty of Bautzen , which ceded large parts of eastern Lusatia to Poland. Emperor Conrad II reconquered the territories in 1031. In 1136 Conrad the Great of the House of Wettin , margrave of Meissen , also received

528-568: The Schlaube and the Oder–Spree Canal opened in 1891. In the east, the Bóbr River from Łagoda via Krzystkowice down to the historic town of Żary forms the border with the lands of Lower Silesia . In the west the course of the upper Dahme River down to Golßen separates it from the former Electoral Saxon lands of Saxe-Wittenberg . Between Lower and Upper Lusatia is a hill region called

561-600: The 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled the route. Numerous Polish dignitaries also traveled through Lower Lusatia on several occasions, and some Polish nobles owned estates in Lusatia. A distinct remnant of the region's ties to Poland are the 18th-century mileposts decorated with the coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth located in various towns in

594-568: The Final Act of the 1815 Vienna Congress , Lower Lusatia fell to Prussia and was incorporated into the Province of Brandenburg , where it remained until 1947. The abbey was finally securalised by the order of King Frederick William III two years later. The buildings were later used as an orphanage and a teachers' seminary institution. Nevertheless, while the Neuzelle parish church turned Protestant,

627-636: The Germans established and operated the Stalag III-B, Oflag III-C and Oflag 8 and prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, French , Belgian, Serbian, British, Australian, New Zealander, Soviet, American, Dutch and Italian POWs with several forced labour subcamps in the region, several Nazi prisons with multiple forced labour subcamps, including in Luckau and a prison solely for women in Cottbus , and several subcamps of

660-644: The March of Lusatia. In the early 13th century, Lower Lusatia was either entirely or partly, reintegrated with Poland under Henry the Bearded . Later on, it was once again lost to the Wettin dynasty, who ruled it until in 1303 it was acquired by the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg . For centuries, from as early as the Middle Ages, trade flourished, and several important trade routes ran through Lower Lusatia, connecting German states in

693-825: The abbey church remained Catholic and in 1947 was consecrated as Blessed Virgin Mary pilgrimage church. Today the monastery complex is held by a public foundation run by the State of Brandenburg. After World War II , Neuzelle was incorporated into the State of Brandenburg from 1947 to 1952 and the Bezirk Frankfurt of East Germany from 1952 to 1990. Since 1990, Neuzelle is again part of Brandenburg. Lower Lusatia Lower Lusatia ( German : Niederlausitz ; Lower Sorbian : Dolna Łužyca [ˈdɔlna ˈwuʒɨtsa] ; Upper Sorbian : Delnja Łužica [ˈdɛlnʲa ˈwuʒitsa] ; Polish : Łużyce Dolne ; Czech : Dolní Lužice )

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726-559: The adjacent territory to the south around Bautzen and Görlitz , which became known as Upper Lusatia . The former Lordship of Cottbus was acquired by Brandenburg in 1455 and remained an exclave within the Bohemian kingdom. Both Lusatias formed separate Bohemian crown lands under the rule of the Luxembourg , Jagiellon and—from 1526— Habsburg dynasties. In the course of the Reformation

759-468: The death of Emperor Charles IV, it appeared in gules on a field argent (red on silver), similar to the coat of arms of Luckau, in which the bull has gold horns and hooves, and turns his head to look at the viewer. After over 600 years it is still used today as Lower Lusatia's coat of arms. Main museums dedicated to the history of the region include the Sorbian museum in Cottbus ( Serbski muzej Chóśebuz ) and

792-637: The duke's conflict with his Piast brother Henry III the White . Neuzelle was a filial monastery of the Cistercian Altzella Abbey ( Cella ) near Nossen in Henry's Margraviate of Meissen . A first convent of brothers took residence here in 1281. From about 1300, a monastery complex was laid out, including a Brick Gothic hall church , which soon became the spiritual centre of the region. The monks were granted large estates, up to Fürstenberg am Oder in

825-710: The hope of attracting tourism, and the area is now referred to as the Lusatian Lake District ( Lausitzer Seenland ). Today the area comprises the Brandenburg districts of Oberspreewald-Lausitz and Spree-Neiße with the unitary authority of Cottbus , as well as parts of Elbe-Elster , Dahme-Spreewald , and Oder-Spree . Important towns beside Cottbus and the historic capitals Lübben and Luckau include Calau , Doberlug-Kirchhain , Finsterwalde , Forst , Guben / Gubin , Lauchhammer , Lübbenau , Senftenberg , Spremberg , Vetschau , and Żary . Since 1945, when

858-805: The main escape routes for insurgents of the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising from partitioned Poland to the Great Emigration led through Lübben and Luckau . In the interbellum, the Poles and Sorbs in Germany closely cooperated as part of the Association of National Minorities in Germany , established at the initiative of the Union of Poles in Germany in 1924. There were still notable Polish communities in Lower Lusatia, such as Klettwitz (Upper Sorbian: Klěśišća , Polish: Kletwice ). During World War II ,

891-697: The north and Szydłów (Schiedlo) beyond the Oder River in the east. In 1367, Neuzelle with Lower Lusatia was purchased by the Luxembourg Emperor Charles IV in his capacity as King of Bohemia . The premises were devastated during the Hussite Wars in 1429 and the monks killed or abducted. Rebuilt afterwards, the monastery and its extended possessions with the Lands of the Bohemian Crown became part of

924-454: The region. Polish-Sorbian contacts increased in that period. With the Age of Enlightenment , the Sorbian national revival began and resistance to Germanization emerged. As the Kingdom of Saxony had sided with Napoleon it had to cede Lower Lusatia to Prussia in the 1815 Congress of Vienna , whereafter the territory became part of the Province of Brandenburg and the Province of Saxony . One of

957-521: The same as that of Upper Sorbian. It is also very similar to the vowel inventory of Slovene . Stress in Lower Sorbian normally falls on the first syllable of the word: In loanwords , stress may fall on any of the last three syllables: Most one-syllable prepositions attract the stress to themselves when they precede a noun or pronoun of one or two syllables: However, nouns of three or more syllables retain their stress: The Sorbian alphabet

990-457: The vast majority of the population turned Protestant . The Bohemian era came to an end when Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg ceded the Lusatias to Elector John George I of Saxony under the 1635 Peace of Prague in return for his support in the Thirty Years' War ; thus the lands returned to the House of Wettin. One of the two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the region in

1023-476: The west, Poland in the east and Bohemia in the south. In 1319, the southern portion of Lower Lusatia with the towns of Żary and Komorów Zły (now German: Senftenberg , Lower Sorbian: Zły Komorow ) became part of the Duchy of Jawor , the southwesternmost duchy of fragmented Piast -ruled Poland. In the northern part, in 1319, Gubin was unsuccessfully besieged by King John of Bohemia , and eventually fell to

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1056-569: The west, it stretches up to the Schlaube Valley Nature Park . The abbey was established as Nova Cella on 12 October 1268 by the Wettin margrave Henry III of Lusatia in remembrance of his deceased wife Agnes of Bohemia. Henry had acquired the strip of former Lubusz Land up to Fürstenberg (today's Eisenhüttenstadt) from the Silesian duke Bolesław II Rogatka in turn for his mediation in

1089-436: Was shaped by the lignite (brown coal) industry and extensive open-pit mining , by which more than 100 of the region's villages—many of them within the Sorbian settlement area—were damaged or destroyed, especially by order of East German authorities. While this process is still going on, most notably around Jänschwalde Power Station , run by EPH , some now exhausted open-pit mines are being converted into artificial lakes, in

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