91-587: Nethergate Brewery was established in 1986 in Clare , Suffolk , England by former Head Brewer Ian Hornsey and his business partner Dick Burge. In 2005 the brewery site was moved across the county border to Pentlow in Essex . In 2010 the brewery was sold to anonymous buyers. From 2017 the brewery was based, back in Suffolk, in the hamlet of Rodbridge, near Long Melford . The brewery originally concentrated on cask ale and for
182-463: A Chorographicall Description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland (1610) wrote: 'On the South side wee saw the river Stour, which immediately from the verie spring head spreadeth a great Mere called Stourmmere, but soone after, drawing it selfe within the bankes, runneth first by Clare, a noble village which had a castle, but now decaied, and gave name to the right noble familie of
273-415: A bridge. The date of completion 1813 can be seen above the central arch. The iron was almost certainly cast at Ransomes of Ipswich, a foundry mostly known for agricultural machinery for whom Cubitt worked. Later they supplied the new railways across East Anglia. In good condition, the bridge is Suffolk's oldest iron bridge still in use. The tower of the wool church (St Peter and St Paul's church, below)
364-516: A dancing boy have been unearthed in various locations. Some Roman brick seems to have ended up in the Parish Church. There were substantial settlements to the west at Wixoe and to the east at Long Melford . Archaeological digs and magnetic survey at Wixoe, as part of the Abberton pipeline installation, revealed a small town occupied from 100-400AD. The Via Devana from Chester to Colchester ,
455-525: A field survey and magnetometric scan revealed the possibility of entrances on the east and south sides. Clare was on the outer borders of the Trinovantes territory, just south of the Iceni . The camp probably marks the first permanent settlement in the area. A Roman boundary ditch and posthole has been found just off Nethergate Street; a strap fitting, coins, sepulchral urns and a bronze figurine of Mercury or
546-466: A fire with the correct tinder , or gunpowder used in weapons , namely the flintlock firing mechanism . Although it has been superseded in these uses by different processes (the percussion cap ), or materials ( ferrocerium ), "flint" has lent its name as generic term for a fire starter. The exact mode of formation of flint is not yet clear, but it is thought that it occurs as a result of chemical changes in compressed sedimentary rock formations during
637-527: A glass aviary, fountains, a deer enclosure and a lion house (keeping exotic animals was the fashion). After her death in 1360, the castle became increasingly unused. It passed through her granddaughter (also Elizabeth) to Lionel of Antwerp, son of Edward III, and through their daughter by marriage to the Mortimers. By the 1480s it had been largely abandoned. In the C17, it is described as 'nothing but lamentable ruins upon
728-456: A high level of wastage, flint finishes typically indicate high status buildings. During World War I, in the chalky-soil country of France, the British filled sandbags with flint and used these sandbags as breastworks. Flint pebbles are used as the media in ball mills to grind glazes and other raw materials for the ceramics industry. The pebbles are hand-selected based on colour; those having
819-593: A large manor in Tonbridge , Kent where he built a motte and bailey castle of a very similar size to Clare Castle. Clare Castle is first recorded in 1090. His son Gilbert de Clare gave the church in the castle to the Benedictine Bec Abbey in Normandy . Gilbert and his brother were present with Prince Henry when King William II was shot dead by an arrow fired by Walter Tyrell , Gilbert's steward. Tradition
910-500: A military road, passed through this town. Another road led east from Wixoe, on the north side of the Stour, passing through Long Melford, before heading north-east to Baylham and possibly to Dunwich on the coast; this route is associated with a prehistoric road. No clear trace of this road can now be seen between Wixoe and Cavendish: the agger in the form of terrace has either been eroded by ploughing or incorporated into field boundaries, as
1001-665: A most beautiful situation'. Early in 1349 the plague reached East Anglia. 'In the Manorial Court Rolls for March....there are very long lists of the death of tenants.'. The rolls cease in September and do not resume until 1360. Yet the Court Rolls of the Borough do not show the same pattern: court leets continue as before, the number of brewers, bakers, butchers and others accused of sharp practices remains constant. The Wentford fair
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#17328907648131092-447: A temperature of 150 to 260 °C (300 to 500 °F) for 24 hours, then slowly cooled to room temperature. This makes the material more homogeneous and thus more knappable and produces tools with a cleaner, sharper cutting edge. Heat treating was known to Stone Age artisans. When struck against steel, a flint edge produces sparks. The hard flint edge shaves off a particle of the steel that exposes iron, which reacts with oxygen from
1183-604: A third, higherowe a fourth, and Chilton strete alwayes kepte the fifte ". There was a guildhall in the town, opposite the church, probably shared by different guilds. Elsewhere, as in Lavenham , each guild had its own building, but Clare seems less well endowed. The C14 building still stands, now a doctor's surgery; fine old beams may be seen in the waiting room. As elsewhere there are scanty records as all religious guilds were suppressed under an Act of Parliament in 1547 and their properties and assets seized. This Act also forbade
1274-519: A threshing machine. This was the Year Without a Summer caused by volcanic dust in the atmosphere: the local press reported floods, 'long continued wet weather', unripened wheat and widespread civil unrest. Harvests were again terrible in 1828 and 1829, followed by the Swing Riots . The Long Depression (1870–1895) caused many families to move away from the town. William Camden in his Britain, or,
1365-514: A time. As part of the Heritage Lottery Funded "Managing a Masterpiece" scheme, in April and May 2011 Access Cambridge Archaeology gave residents, school pupils and members of the public the chance to carry out their own small archaeological 'test pit' excavations throughout Clare, to find out how the town developed over hundreds – even thousands – of years in the past. Early results indicated
1456-471: A tint of red, indicating high iron content, are discarded. The remaining blue-grey stones have a low content of chromophoric oxides and so are less deleterious to the colour of the ceramic composition after firing. Until recently calcined flint was also an important raw material in clay-based ceramic bodies produced in the UK. In clay bodies , calcined flint attenuates the shrinkage whilst drying, and modifies
1547-536: A variety of cutting tools, such as knife blades and scrapers. The use of flint to make stone tools dates back more than three million years; flint's extreme durability has made it possible to accurately date its use over this time. Flint is one of the primary materials used to define the Stone Age . During the Stone Age, access to flint was so important for survival that people would travel or trade long distances to obtain
1638-659: A while only brewed Best Bitter , based on traditional recipes for the Yorkshire bitter style. Over the next four years this beer was joined by two other brews; firstly the Old Growler Porter , and then the IPA (in this case, IPA is also claimed to stand for " Ian's Personal Ale ", in honour of the Head Brewer). Nethergate's interest in traditional ingredients also saw the creation of two of their most distinctive beers - Umbel Ale, and
1729-418: A wider range of tinders. Because it can produce sparks when wet and can start fires when used correctly, ferrocerium is commonly included in survival kits . Ferrocerium is used in many cigarette lighters, where it is referred to as "a flint". Flint's utility as a fire starter is hampered by its property of uneven expansion under heating, causing it to fracture, sometimes violently, during heating. This tendency
1820-424: A year on which no one worked. The guild whose feast day it was would hold a solemn procession and celebrate mass in the church. They would then provide entertainment such as mummers or miracle plays and food for the poor of their community. The Guild of St John put out casks of ale: " fyve hockepottes or drinkinges in v stretes or places, namelye, market strete one, nethergate strete kepte another, challice strete
1911-451: Is Callis Street in Clare, just north of the parish church, variously named Calais or Chalyce Street. Clothiers organised and financed the industry, putting out work across the town, supporting road maintenance, providing alms to the poor, embellishing the priory and church, building substantial houses for themselves. At the same time as the major disruption to the social and religious life of
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#17328907648132002-506: Is a Claret Hall towards Ashen, but that could simply mean 'Little Clare'. The Domesday Book records that the lands around Clare belonged to a Saxon thane , Aluric (or Aelfric), son of Wisgar (or Withgar) and that he gave them to St John, probably creating in Clare a collegiate church, under Edward the Confessor . William the Conqueror re-granted the land to one of his closest supporters in
2093-731: Is available in cans. Growling Dog Clare, Suffolk Clare is a market town and civil parish on the north bank of the River Stour in the West Suffolk district, in the county of Suffolk , England. Clare is in southwest Suffolk, 14 miles (23 km) from Bury St Edmunds and 9 miles (14 km) from Sudbury . Clare won Village of the Year in 2010 and Anglia in Bloom award for Best Large Village 2011 for its floral displays in 2011. In March 2015, The Sunday Times and Zoopla placed Clare amongst
2184-516: Is enhanced by the impurities found in most samples of flint that may expand to a greater or lesser degree than the surrounding stone, and is similar to the tendency of glass to shatter when exposed to heat, and can become a drawback when flint is used as a building material . Flint, knapped or unknapped, has been used from antiquity (for example at the Late Roman fort of Burgh Castle in Norfolk) up to
2275-545: Is joined at the eastern end of the country park by the Chilton stream. This itself is fed by the Hawedych, and by another stream coming down from Poslingford. The smaller Stour now runs south of the country park, meandering around the priory and meadows. In 1894 Clare became part of Clare Rural District which became part of the administrative county of West Suffolk in 1889. In 1974 Clare became part of St Edmundsbury district in
2366-417: Is never more than 140 metres above sea level but it makes what is called High Suffolk. This chalk layer forms the so-called solid rock layer. This chalk was originally quarried where it came to the surface, and was either burned to produce agricultural lime or was mixed with sand, quarried locally, for mortar used in building (hence the presence of cream bricks ('Suffolk whites') for houses in the area). Chalk in
2457-811: Is referred to as knapping . Flint mining is attested since the Paleolithic , but became more common since the Neolithic (Michelsberg culture, Funnelbeaker culture ). In Europe, some of the best toolmaking flint has come from Belgium (Obourg, flint mines of Spiennes ), the coastal chalks of the English Channel , the Paris Basin , Thy in Jutland (flint mine at Hov), the Sennonian deposits of Rügen , Grimes Graves in England,
2548-657: Is strong that the Clares had staged an assassination . King Henry I was crowned three days later. In 1124 Gilbert's son Richard de Clare removed the Benedictines to a new foundation in Stoke-by-Clare, the origin of today's Stoke College . In 1140 Richard's son Gilbert de Clare was given the title of Earl of Hertford by King Stephen . He joined the revolt against the king but later returned to support him. Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford and his son Gilbert were two of
2639-562: Is the Norman chapel of St Mary Magdalene, dated c1190. Built as a wayside chapel just ½ mile north of Clare, close to a confluence of the Chilton stream at Wentford, it fell into disrepair by 1403 but was later granted to the Guild of St John the Baptist in Chilton. At the time of the dissolution of guilds and chantry chapels in 1547, the priest worked in Clare parish church and also in the grammar school. It
2730-637: Is typical in East Anglia . The name first appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as 'Clara'. It possibly derives from the "clear" nature of the Chilton Stream as it flows through the town, but from a Latin word rather than a Celtic one as was previously thought. In the Domesday Book, it is described as "Always a market. Now 43 burgesses ". Hatton describes this as an "astonishingly high number, because at
2821-497: Is used as an infill or in walling. Where stone is found it was largely imported from Barnack , near Peterborough. This was transported along the Fenland waterways and brought into Suffolk, either overland from Cambridge or possibly by sail to Manningtree and then up the Stour . The 13th-century flint-stone castle keep sits upon a 70 feet (21 m) high motte overlooking the town on
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2912-541: Is why today Prince Charles will technically appoint the Vicar). The title of Duke of Clarence was last held by Albert Victor , the eldest son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and Alexandra, Princess of Wales (later Queen Alexandra), and the grandson of the reigning monarch, Queen Victoria . From the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the throne , but he did not become king because he died before his father and his grandmother,
3003-466: The Good Pub Guide 'Brewery of the Year' title in 2011 and in 2012 underwent a rebranding exercise which emphasised the brewery's new location across the county border and promoted the 'Growler Brewery' name on pump clips and bottle labels. As part of this exercise two of the brewery's regular beers, Suffolk County Best Bitter and Augustinian Ale, were discontinued from the core range. On 18 March 2014
3094-697: The Landmark Trust . A rare 13th-century flint-lined well has been found in the garden behind the No 1 Deli Cafe. There are fine examples of timber-framed houses throughout the town, from the 14th to the 16th centuries, plus Georgian and Victorian houses. Most of the later houses are constructed in Flemish bond , but there is one example of a rat trap bond in Station Road. Some of the weavers' cottages had cellars through which water ran for fulling their cloth. The heart of
3185-523: The Norman Conquest of 1066, Richard fitz Gilbert of Bienfaite, Count of Brionne, the son of one of his cousins, along with 170 other manors , 95 of them in Suffolk. This huge feudal barony became known as the Honour of Clare. Richard became known as "Richard de Clare" (or "of Clare") after he made the castle of Clare the caput of his feudal barony, that is to say his administrative centre. He also held
3276-589: The non-metropolitan county of Suffolk. In 2019 Clare became part of West Suffolk district. Paleolithic implements were discovered within the Priory grounds. A Mesolithic quartzite pebble macehead was found in the same location. A Neolithic stone axe was retrieved from the River Stour; a polished flint axe in a gravel pit to the east and a flint head in a meadow just off the Ashen Road. A Neolithic flint arrowhead
3367-496: The percussion cap from the 1840s onward, flintlock rifles and shotguns remain in use amongst recreational shooters. Flint and steel used to strike sparks were superseded in the 20th century by ferrocerium (sometimes referred to as "flint", although not true flint, " mischmetal ", "hot spark", "metal match", or "fire steel"). This human-made material, when scraped with any hard, sharp edge, produces sparks that are much hotter than obtained with natural flint and steel, allowing use of
3458-570: The 25 barons appointed as guardians to Magna Carta of 1215. Richard married the heiress of the Earl of Gloucester , whose sister had been the first wife of King John . Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford inherited the title and vast estates of the Earl of Gloucester. It was his son, Richard who brought the Augustinian Friars to Clare to found the mother house in England in 1248. The wealthiest of
3549-700: The Baptist, the latter based on Chilton Street. Guilds began before the Normans; one of the oldest recorded was in Glemsford , the Fraternity of the Clerks, founded around 1020. The name Corpus Christi dates from the 1340s when that feast day was introduced from the continent; it soon became the most popular holy day in the calendar – see the mystery plays of Norwich and Ely, and all across England. The eponymous college in Cambridge
3640-540: The Clare family was Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester ('the Red'). He sided with Simon de Montfort and attended Montfort's Parliament , but then fell out with Montfort and fought alongside Prince Edward at the Battle of Evesham , when Montfort was killed. He seized London and held it against King Henry III . After King Edward I 's accession, he married Joan of Acre in 1290, the king's daughter. He surrendered his lands to
3731-510: The Clares'. Daniel Defoe in A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain (1748 4th edition) said that Clare was "a poor town and dirty, the streets being unpaved. But yet the civil and spiritual courts are held at it and it has a good church; it shows still the ruins of a strong castle, and an old monastery. It has a manufacture of says…". He also describes great droves of turkeys being taken to Colchester from Clare, 300 to 1,000 birds at
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3822-460: The Count of Milan's daughter. There were wild rumours he was about to become King of Italy, but he died near Pavia a few months after his marriage. Following his last wish, his heart and bones were brought back to Clare for burial beside his first wife. The title of Clarenceux King of Arms , an heraldic officer, is also derived from Clare or Clarence. The estate passed into the hands of the Mortimers,
3913-611: The Earls of March. The castle began to fall into disrepair from this time. The last descendant was Edward V , one of the two Princes in the Tower . Henry VII took over Clare borough and manor. Henry VIII gave them to each of his wives in turn, Katherine of Aragon leasing the common to the poor of Clare. Under Queen Mary, the lands of the Honour of Clare were transferred to the Duchy of Cornwall (which
4004-627: The Queen. He had agreed to be the patron of the Royal Clarence Lodge of the Freemasons in Clare but died in 1892 before he could attend the opening ceremony. At its height in Elizabeth de Burgh's time the castle offered substantial employment, perhaps 250 persons not counted amongst the townspeople. The manor's home farm provided the bulk of basic foodstuffs from the pastures and meadows plus fruit from
4095-562: The Stour became navigable as far as Sudbury in 1709. The handloom weaving industry was gone by the 1800s; the last weaver died in 1825, aged 83. Straw-plaiting for ladies' bonnets, a local cottage industry, disappeared as fashions changed. After an agricultural boom in the Napoleonic wars, farmers were hit by falling prices; many labourers were laid off. Opposition to newer technology appeared in Clare and surrounding districts in 1816 and four local men were gaoled after being convicted of burning
4186-920: The Upper Cretaceous chalk formation of Dobruja and the lower Danube (Balkan flint), the Cenomanian chalky marl formation of the Moldavian Plateau (Miorcani flint) and the Jurassic deposits of the Kraków area and Krzemionki in Poland, as well as of the Lägern ( silex ) in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland. In 1938, a project of the Ohio Historical Society , under the leadership of H. Holmes Ellis began to study
4277-428: The accounts show wheat for 106,248 loaves and malt for 40,682 gallons of ale. The castle had one principal gateway, a substantial buildings in its own right, now gone – only the name Nethergate or Bottom Gate survives. There were several towers aside from the keep; we know their names: Auditor's, Constable', Oxenford and Maiden's, but not their locations. Beautiful gardens were laid out. There were flint paths, seats,
4368-441: The agricultural alteration of the land. Originally the area was under the sea; the shells of the sea creatures dropped to bed of the ocean and formed into chalk about 140 million years ago. Another mineral, silica, filled the sponges and other similar animals in the sea. As this was left behind it formed nodules of hard flint . A ridge of Cretaceous chalk left by the ancient sea juts into Suffolk from Cambridgeshire . This ridge
4459-403: The appointment of a 'Mr Colte' as the town's new pastor. From the relative boom of the 16th century, Clare suffered a gradual decline as a leading town in West Suffolk. For a while in the 17th century, it retained some status as a transport and distribution hub, lying on a major highway into London. Hostelries were set up and warehouses occupied a key role in the economy. Trade was diverted as
4550-510: The atmosphere and can ignite the proper tinder . Prior to the wide availability of steel, rocks of pyrite (FeS 2 ) would be used along with the flint, in a similar (but more time-consuming) way. These methods remain popular in woodcraft, bushcraft, and amongst people practising traditional fire-starting skills. A later, major use of flint and steel was in the flintlock mechanism , used primarily in flintlock firearms, but also used on dedicated fire-starting tools. A piece of flint held in
4641-478: The banks of the River Stour. Parts of the inner and outer baileys still exist. The castle is part of the Clare Castle Country Park which has the distinction of containing the only (now decommissioned) railway station built within a castle in the UK. The station was built by the Great Eastern Railway on the Stour Valley Railway and closed in 1967. The complex of stationmaster's house, ticket and parcels office, waiting rooms, platforms and goods shed has been listed, as
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#17328907648134732-418: The battle of Bannockburn in 1314, he was accused of cowardice and treason when he recommended holding the better ground rather than attacking Bruce 's densely packed pike walls. Against his better judgement he led the charge and was killed. One of Gilbert's sisters, Elizabeth de Burgh eventually came into the property of Clare, and she endowed what would become Clare College, Cambridge . William de Burgh
4823-404: The beaches at Beeston Bump and West Runton . The "Ohio flint" is the official gemstone of Ohio state. It is formed from limey debris that was deposited at the bottom of inland Paleozoic seas hundreds of millions of years ago that hardened into limestone and later became infused with silica . The flint from Flint Ridge is found in many hues like red, green, pink, blue, white, and grey, with
4914-400: The brewery went into administration and consortium led by founder Dick Burge purchased the brewery in April 2014. Brewing resumed under the 'Nethergate Brewery' name and a primary focus on selling beer to local free houses. Nethergate's core range currently consists of three beers: The brewery also produce a number of seasonal beers including: The Brewery also has a sub brand which beer
5005-506: The castle motte. The then owner of the castle and priory, Captain Charles Barnardiston was a Quaker. He and his fellows were prosecuted for his beliefs and 'was debarred of the use of their meeting-house, and obliged to meet in the street during the cold winter, where they received much personal abuse'. What is left of the burial ground is now part of 3 Cavendish Road. The nearest Meeting Houses are now Bardfield, Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury. The oldest religious building in Clare still existing
5096-429: The colour variations caused by minute impurities of iron compounds. Flint can be coloured: sandy brown, medium to dark grey, black, reddish brown or an off-white grey. Flint was used in the manufacture of tools during the Stone Age as it splits into thin, sharp splinters called flakes or blades (depending on the shape) when struck by another hard object (such as a hammerstone made of another material). This process
5187-425: The fired thermal expansion. Flint can also be used in glazes as a network former. In preparation for use flint pebbles, frequently sourced from the coasts of South-East England or Western France, were calcined to around 1,000 °C (1,800 °F). This heating process both removed organic impurities and induced certain physical reactions, including converting some of the quartz to cristobalite . After calcination
5278-408: The government, opened in September 2011. This area of the country was formed during the Tertiary period, containing some of the youngest rock in the British Isles. Like the vast majority of Suffolk, the surface 'rock' is the very fertile boulder clay or clay loam, lying on top of layers of chalk. The landscape surrounding the Stour Valley is the result of the joint effects of past glaciation and
5369-408: The jaws of a spring-loaded hammer, when released by a trigger, strikes a hinged piece of steel (" frizzen ") at an angle, creating a shower of sparks and exposing a charge of priming powder. The sparks ignite the priming powder and that flame, in turn, ignites the main charge, propelling the ball, bullet, or shot through the barrel. While the military use of the flintlock declined after the adoption of
5460-436: The king and was re-granted them. He held land in 26 English counties and also estates in Wales, including Caerphilly, Usk and Tintern. This era represented the high point of the family as a major force in English history. On his death in 1295, his wife Joan remarried one of his household knights and began new works at Clare Priory . She was buried in the Chapel of St Vincent which she herself had founded in 1307. The funeral
5551-543: The knapping methods and techniques of Native Americans . Like past studies, this work involved experimenting with actual knapping techniques by creation of stone tools through the use of techniques like direct freehand percussion, freehand pressure and pressure using a rest. Other scholars who have conducted similar experiments and studies include William Henry Holmes , Alonzo W. Pond , Francis H. S. Knowles and Don Crabtree . To reduce susceptibility to fragmentation, flint/chert may be heat-treated, being slowly brought up to
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#17328907648135642-416: The listed buildings are 16th-century or earlier. There are three Grade 1 religious buildings: the Priory, the Priory Chapel and the parish church of Ss Peter and Paul. There are three Grade 1 domestic houses: Cliftons and Nethergate House in Nethergate Street and the Ancient House in Church Street. The Ancient House, which has florid pargeting , is in part a museum, in part available as a holiday-let through
5733-408: The only complete set of 1865 GER buildings to survive intact. The park has 25 acres (10 ha) of landscaped parkland, interlaced with water in the old moats. The Stour Valley Path crosses the park. Crossing the Stour en route to Ashen is a three span cast iron bridge, built when Clare was on a main highway between London and Bury St Edmunds . It was Sir William Cubitt 's second design for
5824-463: The orchards of pear, apple and cherry. Within the castle grounds, there were fishponds, a horse driven mill, woodyard, a vineyard, kennels, a dovecote and a swannery. There were forges, both for weaponry and farming implements. She had her own potters, carpenters, goldsmiths and embroidery studio. She hired copiers to create masterpieces on vellum. Above all there were the brewhouses and bakeries producing great quantities of ale and bread. In one year
5915-402: The presence of Saxon pottery across many sites – the first evidence of Clare's importance before the Normans . Further excavations within the castle grounds took place in 2013 and the discovery of human remains suggested a cemetery was located there, before the castle's construction. There are 133 listed buildings in Clare. An online map is available, with links to each building. Over 40 of
6006-475: The present day as a material for building stone walls, using lime mortar, and often combined with other available stone or brick rubble. It was most common in those parts of southern England where no good building stone was available locally, and where brick-making was not widespread until the later Middle Ages. It is especially associated with East Anglia , but also used in chalky areas stretching through Hampshire , Sussex, Surrey and Kent to Somerset . Flint
6097-442: The process of diagenesis . One hypothesis is that a gelatinous material fills cavities in the sediment, such as holes bored by crustaceans or molluscs and that this becomes silicified . This hypothesis would certainly explain the complex shapes of flint nodules that are found. The source of dissolved silica in the porous media could be the spicules of silicious sponges ( demosponges ). Certain types of flint, such as that from
6188-438: The skin, odorous when wet. Flowing water was essential for the purpose of fulling – so production concentrated on locations along rivers such as Clare, Cavendish, Glemsford and Sudbury. Many houses in Clare had cellars through which culverts were led. Merchants gathered in convoys for safety to convey the goods to Calais (then an English possession). Several locations in Suffolk were known as collection points – one of these
6279-458: The social and religious life is described as the Stripping of the Altars . During the medieval period Clare became a prosperous town based on cloth making. The trade was already present by the 13th century, steadily expanding as demand grew. 3000 local fleeces were sold from Clare Manor alone in 1345. By the 1470s Suffolk produced more cloth than any other county. Broadcloth was the main product, somewhat coarser than Harris Tweed , prickly to
6370-544: The south coast of England and its counterpart on the French side of the Channel , contain trapped fossilised marine flora. Pieces of coral and vegetation have been found preserved inside the flint similar to insects and plant parts within amber . Thin slices of the stone often reveal this effect. Flint sometimes occurs in large flint fields in Jurassic or Cretaceous beds, for example, in Europe. Puzzling giant flint formations known as paramoudra and flint circles are found around Europe but especially in Norfolk, England, on
6461-463: The stone. Grime's Graves was an important source of flint traded across Europe. Flint Ridge in Ohio was another important source of flint, and Native Americans extracted the flint from hundreds of quarries along the ridge. This "Ohio Flint" was traded across the eastern United States, and has been found as far west as the Rocky Mountains and south around the Gulf of Mexico . When struck against steel, flint will produce enough sparks to ignite
6552-506: The stronger Umbel Magna - through the use of a traditional ingredient which had been ignored by brewers for many years: coriander . Nethergate then ventured in the bottled beer market, with Old Growler and Umbel ale being sold in the more specialist off licences and Tesco stores in the south east . In October 2010, Burge retired and the brewery was sold to a consortium including ex- Adnams employees Rob Flanagan, Mark Holmes and Mike Atkinson. Nethergate continued its positive growth, winning
6643-409: The time very few Suffolk towns had any burgesses, let alone 43". It lists 37 acres (15 ha) of meadow, woodland for 12 swine, a mill, 5 arpents of vineyard (an arpent was 4–6 acres) and 400 sheep. The manor included Stoke-by-Clare and the hamlet of Chilton Street, totalling 128 households. Improbably it has been suggested that the word claret is derived from Clare and its extensive vineyards. There
6734-400: The top 50 UK rural locations, having "period properties and rich history without the chocolate-box perfection – and the coach trips". In 2011 it had a population of 2028. Clare and its vicinity has evidence of human habitation throughout prehistory, through the Norman Conquest , to the present day. The town hosts Stour Valley Community School , one of the first free schools established by
6825-569: The town is a conservation area, one of 35 recognised by St Edmundsbury Council. A full appraisal of buildings was carried out in 2008 within the conservation plan. Suffolk has no natural building stone. Buildings are mainly of timber, usually oak beams with wattle and daub infill, or brick. Brickyards abounded in Suffolk. Clare had its own brickyard in the 19th century, run by the Jarvis family. Examples of brick from Gestingthorpe and Ballingdon can also be found, both Suffolk whites and reds. Flint
6916-406: The townspeople took place in the 1540s, the introduction of the spinning wheel and the importation of newer fabrics from the continent led to a fall in the manufacture of broadcloth. Clare recovered some of its industry in the late 16th century, by taking up what is called the 'New Draperies', lighter and cheaper cloths called 'bays and says'. 'A bay was lighter and finer than modern baize.... A say
7007-483: The view that Clare Camp (OS TL768458, at the north end of the town, just behind Bridewell Street) with its double ditches, one of the most impressive of its kind in Suffolk, is from that period; with an area of 2.9 hectares, it is second only to Burgh Castle . It is now entered into the Atlas of Hillforts . The north side is most complete, with an inner rampart 9 ft high and counterscarps 12 and 14 ft high. In 1993
7098-472: The water makes it 'hard' (classified as 'very hard; 511 mg/L as calcium carbonate) according to Anglian Water's water quality. During the Ice Age, the sea level was some 200 metres lower than it is today. Melt water carried debris and flowed beneath the glacier under high pressure, to produce tunnel valleys, deeply incised water routes. At Clare it is as far as 110 metres below our present sea level. The valley
7189-520: The worship and representation of saints and masses for the dead. Public holidays (holy days) on which a guild would provide food for the poor and entertainment such as mummers or miracle plays all stopped at the same time, along with feast day markets. The annual market at Wentford, a noted regional event held on the Feast of Nativity of the Virgin Mary (8 September) disappeared. This suppression and its effect on
7280-580: Was Elizabeth's son by her first husband, John de Burgh , next in line to the Earldom of Ulster. He was assassinated in Carrickfergus in 1333 by his Irish cousins. His daughter Elizabeth was married to the third son of Edward III . Her husband Lionel thereby came into the Clare inheritance and became the Duke of Clarence . Chaucer the poet was at one time a page to him. After Elizabeth's death in 1360, he married
7371-401: Was a fine durable cloth, made entirely of wool with a texture resembling serge'. By the 18th century this industry was in decline, becoming concentrated in the larger towns, Ipswich and Colchester. At the close of the 16th century, Sir Robert Jermyn described Clare as '... a populous market town [which] requires an able, painful and discreet teacher ...' in a letter to Robert Cecil requesting
7462-457: Was a restoration project of the well known Arts & Crafts architect Detmar Blow , who also designed an addition (and possibly other works) to Clare Priory. While in Clare, he lived in the Ancient House. There are four churches in Clare today, ordered below by date of building. In the past, Quakers were strong in the area and had their own building by 1686, a cottage at the north foot of
7553-528: Was converted for domestic use. In the Civil War it was used as a powder magazine . Grade II* listed as Chapel Cottage, today it is called Old Chapel; remains of Norman windows, a bellcote, timber framing and an arched doorway are visible. Flint Flint , occasionally flintstone , is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz , categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone . Historically, flint
7644-526: Was found embedded in the river bank, half a mile east of Clare. Together with an iron spearhead, they are held in The Ancient House. Iron Age coins have also been found, one from the Belgic Trinovantes tribe. In 2009 during a recent rebuilding programme at Clare Community Primary School, postholes of a late Bronze/Early Iron Age structure were located, with an associated ring ditch. This supports
7735-504: Was found in a garden on Bridewell Street. A Neolithic long mortuary enclosure and three Bronze Age barrows were located across the river towards Ashen. Evidence of a barrow together with 200 worked flints were found near Chilton Street. A Bronze Age socketed gouge was unearthed from plough soil on the Common. There are some 24 other pre-Iron Age structures in the parishes around Clare which may be located via Google Maps . An Iron Age pot
7826-503: Was founded by a guild, in response to the decimation of the Black Death. This event seems to have concentrated people's minds on their heavenly prospects. By prayer and acts of charity (carried out in the guild's name rather than personally), a guild member hoped to ensure a swifter passage for himself and his family through purgatory to heaven. By the time of Henry VIII, most areas of England had as many as 50 public holidays (holy days)
7917-549: Was held as normal. Elizabeth de Burgh's castle records have no mention of the plague nor show any fall in the day-to-day activities. Everything suggests the town was little affected. Local people organised themselves into guilds, not for mercantile or craft purposes, but as religious fraternities, dedicated to assisting the poor, praying for dead members, contributing to the church and priory. We know of five in Clare: St Augustine, St Peter, St Mary, Corpus Christi and St John
8008-408: Was one of the major public events in Clare's history, attended by royalty and nobility, including her brother King Edward II . Hatton wrote: "Fifty-two years after her burial the grave was opened and her body found to be incorrupt...Of the many miracles wrought by God's grace through her (were) especially...the cure of toothache, back-ache and fever". Her son Gilbert was the last male de Clare. At
8099-409: Was subsequently filled with boulder clay and gravel. The ice sheet, which produced the chalky boulder clay, rolled upon a bed of glacial sand and gravel, and formed the flattened character of the area today. The main river running through the country park is not the Stour. This is a mill stream called the 'new cut', established to operate a mill belonging to the priory, in use in the 14th century. It
8190-427: Was used in the construction of many churches, houses, and other buildings, for example, the large stronghold of Framlingham Castle . Many different decorative effects have been achieved by using different types of knapping or arrangement and combinations with stone ( flushwork ), especially in the 15th and early 16th centuries. Because knapping flints to a relatively flush surface and size is a highly skilled process with
8281-557: Was widely used to make stone tools and start fires . Flint occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones . Inside the nodule, flint is usually dark grey or black, green, white, or brown in colour, and has a glassy or waxy appearance. A thin, oxidised layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture. The nodules can often be found along streams and beaches . Flint breaks and chips into sharp-edged pieces, making it useful in constructing
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