94-510: Neerparavai ( transl. Seabird ) is a 2012 Indian Tamil -language drama film directed and co-written by Seenu Ramasamy , and produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin . It stars Vishnu and Sunaina , while Nandita Das plays the older version of the latter's character. Saranya Ponvannan , Samuthirakani , Varsha Ashwathi , and Anupama Kumar play supporting roles. The music is composed by N. R. Raghunanthan with cinematography by Balasubramaniem and editing by Kasi Viswanathan . The film
188-468: A lexical root to which one or more affixes are attached. Most Tamil affixes are suffixes . Tamil suffixes can be derivational suffixes, which either change the part of speech of the word or its meaning, or inflectional suffixes, which mark categories such as person , number , mood , tense , etc. There is no absolute limit on the length and extent of agglutination , which can lead to long words with many suffixes, which would require several words or
282-717: A "go watch" tag and said "[It] is a beautiful record of the lives of a community, their hopes and dreams, and the harsh reality of their lives." IBNLive praised the film by saying, "This Tamil film deserves praise for conviction" Haricharan Pudipeddi from Nowrunning.com rated the film 3/5 by saying, "Neerparavai is a fitting and beautiful saga of sea-folks, whose lives most often get sabotaged by reality." 2nd South Indian International Movie Awards Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards 60th Filmfare Awards South – 2013 Tamil language Sri Lanka Singapore Malaysia Canada and United States Tamil ( தமிழ் , Tamiḻ , pronounced [t̪amiɻ] )
376-480: A , as with other Indic scripts . This inherent vowel is removed by adding a tittle called a puḷḷi , to the consonantal sign. For example, ன is ṉa (with the inherent a ) and ன் is ṉ (without a vowel). Many Indic scripts have a similar sign, generically called virama , but the Tamil script is somewhat different in that it nearly always uses a visible puḷḷi to indicate a 'dead consonant' (a consonant without
470-740: A 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies. Tamil is the primary language of the majority of the people residing in Tamil Nadu , Puducherry , (in India) and in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . The language is spoken among small minority groups in other states of India which include Karnataka , Telangana , Andhra Pradesh , Kerala , Maharashtra , Gujarat , Delhi , Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India and in certain regions of Sri Lanka such as Colombo and
564-511: A family of around 26 languages native to the Indian subcontinent . It is also classified as being part of a Tamil language family that, alongside Tamil proper, includes the languages of about 35 ethno-linguistic groups such as the Irula and Yerukula languages (see SIL Ethnologue ). The closest major relative of Tamil is Malayalam ; the two began diverging around the 9th century CE. Although many of
658-523: A lyricist with composer M.S. Viswanathan on the film Thanneer Thanneer and V. S. Narasimhan on the films Achamillai Achamillai and Kalyana Agathigal . All three films were directed by K. Balachander . In 1986, he debuted as screenwriter for the film Natpu , directed by Ameerjan . He later had three further collaborations as a writer with the director in Thulasi (1987), Vanna Kanavugal (1987) and Vanakkam Vathiyare (1991). He also penned
752-491: A mistake he did not commit and also said that he only intends to glorify Mother Andal and he has been working on many great Tamil poets. Some Tamil writers claimed that there is nothing controversial about his speech because he only referred the article. Minor girls and boys in Nithyananda 's Ashram published videos using derogatory language, many sexual in nature, as they questioned his speech. This has generated anger amongst
846-591: A number of apparent Tamil loanwords in Biblical Hebrew dating to before 500 BCE, the oldest attestation of the language. Old Tamil is the period of the Tamil language spanning the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The earliest records in Old Tamil are short inscriptions from 300 BCE to 700 CE. These inscriptions are written in a variant of the Brahmi script called Tamil-Brahmi . The earliest long text in Old Tamil
940-650: A number of skeletons were found buried in earthenware urns dating from at least 696 BCE in Adichanallur . Some of these urns contained writing in Tamil Brahmi script, and some contained skeletons of Tamil origin. Between 2017 and 2018, 5,820 artifacts have been found in Keezhadi . These were sent to Beta Analytic in Miami , Florida , for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating. One sample containing Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions
1034-512: A number of sound changes, in particular, a tendency to lower high vowels in initial and medial positions, and the disappearance of vowels between plosives and between a plosive and rhotic. Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil. Changes in written Tamil include the use of European-style punctuation and the use of consonant clusters that were not permitted in Middle Tamil. The syntax of written Tamil has also changed, with
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#17328944392251128-601: A prominent figure in the Tamil literary world. A master's graduate from the Pachaiyappa's College in Chennai, he first worked as a translator, while also being a published poet. He entered the Tamil film industry in the year 1980, with the film Nizhalgal , an Ilaiyaraaja musical, directed by Bharathiraja . During the course of his 40-year film career, he has written over 7,500 songs and poems which have won him seven National Awards ,
1222-545: A result of modernization. The soul of the novel echoes the truth behind the values of agrarian India and the virtues of farmers which are eternal. This saga won Vairamuthu the Sahitya Akademi Award for the Best Literary Work in the year 2003, and has been translated into 22 languages. The novel sold over a lakh copies. Karuvachchi Kaviyam revolves around a vulnerable Indian village woman who has been enslaved by
1316-470: A second anthology of poems in 1979, titled Thiruthi Ezhuthiya Theerpugal ('Revised and rewritten'). He is married to Ponmani, a Tamil scholar and former professor at the Meenakshi College for Women. They have two sons, Madhan Karky and Kabilan , who both work as lyricists and dialogue writers for Tamil films. Upon reading his poems, he was signed on as a lyricist by the director Bharathiraja for
1410-449: A sentence in English. To give an example, the word pōkamuṭiyātavarkaḷukkāka (போகமுடியாதவர்களுக்காக) means "for the sake of those who cannot go" and consists of the following morphemes : போக pōka go முடி muṭi accomplish Vairamuthu Vairamuthu Ramasamy (born 13 July 1953) is an Indian lyricist , poet , and novelist working in the Tamil film industry . He is
1504-620: A small number speak the language. In Reunion where the Tamil language was forbidden to be learnt and used in public space by France it is now being relearnt by students and adults. Tamil is also spoken by migrants from Sri Lanka and India in Canada , the United States , the United Arab Emirates , the United Kingdom , South Africa , and Australia . Tamil is the official language of
1598-577: A speech on the seventh century mystic poet, Andal in January 2018 during a discussion on Andal at the Srivilliputhur Andal Temple where quoted the research of an American scholar who said that Andal belonged to the Devadasi community, a religious system practiced in parts of South India in which a where young girls used to be married to the deity of the temple before they attain puberty and will spend
1692-595: A subject of study in schools in the French overseas department of Réunion . In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the Government of India and following a political campaign supported by several Tamil associations, Tamil became the first legally recognised Classical language of India. The recognition was announced by the contemporaneous President of India , Abdul Kalam , who
1786-458: A variety of dialects that are all collectively known as Brahmin Tamil . These dialects tend to have softer consonants (with consonant deletion also common). These dialects also tend to have many Sanskrit loanwords. Tamil in Sri Lanka incorporates loan words from Portuguese , Dutch , and English. In addition to its dialects, Tamil exhibits different forms: a classical literary style modelled on
1880-438: A vowel). In other Indic scripts, it is generally preferred to use a ligature or a half form to write a syllable or a cluster containing a dead consonant, although writing it with a visible virama is also possible. The Tamil script does not differentiate voiced and unvoiced plosives . Instead, plosives are articulated with voice depending on their position in a word, in accordance with the rules of Tamil phonology . In addition to
1974-464: A week to 30 November. Ahead of release, the film was initially denied entertainment tax exemption despite meeting the eligibility requirements, prompting the director to go on fast and he even approached the commissioner of Chennai Police for help. After Udhayanidhi approached the Madras High Court , tax exemption was granted soon after. Sify gave 4 stars with a "good" verdict and said the film
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#17328944392252068-575: Is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia . It is one of the two longest-surviving classical languages in India , along with Sanskrit , attested since c. 300 BCE. The language belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian language family and shares close ties with Malayalam and Kannada . Despite external influences, Tamil has retained a sense of linguistic purism, especially in formal and literary contexts. Tamil
2162-756: Is also known for his work in the 90s and early 2000s with composer Deva , on popular soundtracks such as Annamalai, Baasha , Aasai , Once More , Arunachalam , Nerukku Ner , Vaali , Kushi , and Panchathanthiram . He has also worked extensively with Bharadwaj (on popular soundtracks such as Kaadhal Mannan , Pooveli , Amarkalam , Rojavanam , Parthen Rasithen , Rojakootam , Gemini , Jay Jay , Attagasam , Vasool Raja MBBS , Idhaya Thirudan , Vattaram , Asal and Aayirathil Iruvar ), Harris Jayaraj , D. Imman , Vidyasagar , Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (on both their Tamil projects, Aalavandhan and Vishwaroopam ), N. R. Raghunanthan (which secured him his sixth National Award for
2256-457: Is based on the dialect of Jaffna . After Tamil Brahmi fell out of use, Tamil was written using a script called vaṭṭeḻuttu amongst others such as Grantha and Pallava . The current Tamil script consists of 12 vowels , 18 consonants and one special character, the āytam . The vowels and consonants combine to form 216 compound characters, giving a total of 247 characters (12 + 18 + 1 + (12 × 18)). All consonants have an inherent vowel
2350-401: Is deemed unlikely by Southworth due to the contemporary use of the compound 'centamiḻ', which means refined speech in the earliest literature. The Tamil Lexicon of University of Madras defines the word "Tamil" as "sweetness". S. V. Subramanian suggests the meaning "sweet sound", from tam – "sweet" and il – "sound". Tamil belongs to the southern branch of the Dravidian languages ,
2444-563: Is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for Tamil, the Tolkāppiyam . Modern Tamil writing is largely based on the 13th-century grammar Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam , with some modifications. Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu , col , poruḷ , yāppu , aṇi . Of these, the last two are mostly applied in poetry. Tamil words consist of
2538-501: Is found in Tholkappiyam , which is dated as early as late 2nd century BCE. The Hathigumpha inscription , inscribed around a similar time period (150 BCE), by Kharavela , the Jain king of Kalinga , also refers to a Tamira Samghatta ( Tamil confederacy ) The Samavayanga Sutra dated to the 3rd century BCE contains a reference to a Tamil script named 'Damili'. Southworth suggests that
2632-405: Is generally taken to have been completed by the 8th century, was characterised by a number of phonological and grammatical changes. In phonological terms, the most important shifts were the virtual disappearance of the aytam (ஃ), an old phoneme, the coalescence of the alveolar and dental nasals, and the transformation of the alveolar plosive into a rhotic . In grammar, the most important change
2726-409: Is generally used in formal writing and speech. For instance, it is the language of textbooks, of much of Tamil literature and of public speaking and debate. In recent times, however, koṭuntamiḻ has been making inroads into areas that have traditionally been considered the province of centamiḻ . Most contemporary cinema, theatre and popular entertainment on television and radio, for example,
2820-410: Is in koṭuntamiḻ , and many politicians use it to bring themselves closer to their audience. The increasing use of koṭuntamiḻ in modern times has led to the emergence of unofficial 'standard' spoken dialects. In India, the 'standard' koṭuntamiḻ , rather than on any one dialect, but has been significantly influenced by the dialects of Thanjavur and Madurai . In Sri Lanka, the standard
2914-771: Is not always consistently applied. ISO 15919 is an international standard for the transliteration of Tamil and other Indic scripts into Latin characters. It uses diacritics to map the much larger set of Brahmic consonants and vowels to Latin script , and thus the alphabets of various languages, including English. Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. Symbols for day, month, year, debit, credit, as above, rupee, and numeral are present as well. Tamil also uses several historical fractional signs. /f/ , /z/ , /ʂ/ and /ɕ/ are only found in loanwords and may be considered marginal phonemes, though they are traditionally not seen as fully phonemic. Tamil has two diphthongs : /aɪ̯/ ஐ and /aʊ̯/ ஔ ,
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3008-577: Is predominantly spoken in Tamil Nadu , India, and the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka . It has significant speaking populations in Malaysia , Singapore , and among diaspora communities . Tamil has been recognized as a classical language by the Indian government and holds official status in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry and Singapore. The earliest extant Tamil literary works and their commentaries celebrate
3102-409: Is the Tolkāppiyam , an early work on Tamil grammar and poetics, whose oldest layers could be as old as the late 2nd century BCE. Many literary works in Old Tamil have also survived. These include a corpus of 2,381 poems collectively known as Sangam literature . These poems are usually dated to between the 1st century BCE and 5th century CE. The evolution of Old Tamil into Middle Tamil , which
3196-772: Is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia , along with English, Malay and Mandarin. A large community of Pakistani Tamils speakers exists in Karachi , Pakistan , which includes Tamil-speaking Hindus as well as Christians and Muslims – including some Tamil-speaking Muslim refugees from Sri Lanka. There are about 100 Tamil Hindu families in Madrasi Para colony in Karachi. They speak impeccable Tamil along with Urdu, Punjabi and Sindhi. Many in Réunion , Guyana , Fiji , Suriname , and Trinidad and Tobago have Tamil origins, but only
3290-458: The Pandiyan Kings for the organization of long-termed Tamil Sangams , which researched, developed and made amendments in Tamil language. Even though the name of the language which was developed by these Tamil Sangams is mentioned as Tamil, the period when the name "Tamil" came to be applied to the language is unclear, as is the precise etymology of the name. The earliest attested use of the name
3384-584: The University of Madras , was one of the earliest dictionaries published in Indian languages. A strong strain of linguistic purism emerged in the early 20th century, culminating in the Pure Tamil Movement which called for removal of all Sanskritic elements from Tamil. It received some support from Dravidian parties . This led to the replacement of a significant number of Sanskrit loanwords by Tamil equivalents, though many others remain. According to
3478-486: The 11th century, retain many features of the Vaishnava paribasai , a special form of Tamil developed in the 9th and 10th centuries that reflect Vaishnavite religious and spiritual values. Several castes have their own sociolects which most members of that caste traditionally used regardless of where they come from. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech. For example, Tamil Brahmins tend to speak
3572-487: The 1950s, when Vaigai dam was constructed in Madurai District, 14 villages were vacated for creating the water catchment area. This novel narrates the tearful story of those refugees who lost their land under the water. The author is a child born to one such family and had lived through the misery of this migration in his childhood. The story portrays the tears, blood and pain of the villagers whose families were crushed as
3666-790: The Best Lyricist came out of his association with Rahman (on films such as Roja, Karuththamma , Pavithra ; he was recognized by the National awards committee for his efforts on both these films in 1995, Sangamam and Kannathil Muthamittal ) and four out of Rahman's six National Awards came from his association with Vairamuthu (on the films Roja , Minsara Kanavu , Kannathil Muthamittal and Kaatru Veliyidai ). Singers P. Unnikrishnan , S.P. Balasubrahmanyam , Shankar Mahadevan , Swarnalatha , K.S. Chitra and Shashaa Tirupati have all won National awards for their work in collaboration with this duo. In addition to their association with Mani Ratnam,
3760-476: The Indian state of Haryana , purportedly as a rebuff to Punjab , though there was no attested Tamil-speaking population in the state, and was later replaced by Punjabi , in 2010. In Malaysia, 543 primary education government schools are available fully in Tamil as the medium of instruction . The establishment of Tamil-medium schools has been in process in Myanmar to provide education completely in Tamil language by
3854-469: The Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India . It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Tamil is also one of the official languages of Singapore . Tamil is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka, along with Sinhala . It was once given nominal official status in
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3948-697: The Indo-Soviet Cultural Association. From the proceeds of the sales of Moondram Ulaga Poor , a sum of Rs. 11 lakh was donated to the widows of farmers who committed suicide. He is the founder of the Vetri Tamizhar Peravai , which aims at uplifting society. He also donated a hospital building to the people of his native village of Karattuppatti , and started a library in the name of the poet Kannadasan , in his village of Vadugapatti . He has also made contributions to victims of war as well to those of natural calamities. Vairamuthu delivered
4042-826: The National Award for the Best Music Direction, a first for a debutant. Following Roja , the combination of A.R. Rahman and Vairamuthu became heavily sought after, collaborating on several films throughout the next 25 years. Their continued association with director Mani Ratnam (which spans the length of Rahman's career), led to critical and commercial success on films such as Thiruda Thiruda (1993), Bombay (1995), Alaipayuthey (2000), Kannathil Muthamittal (2002), Aayutha Ezhuthu (2004), Raavanan (2010), Kadal (2013), O Kadhal Kanmani (2015). Kaatru Veliyidai (2017) and Chekka Chivantha Vaanam (2018). Four out of Vairamuthu's seven National awards for
4136-585: The Tamil language, Kannada still preserves a lot from its roots. As part of the southern family of Indian languages and situated relatively close to the northern parts of India, Kannada also shares some Sanskrit words, similar to Malayalam. Many of the formerly used words in Tamil have been preserved with little change in Kannada. This shows a relative parallel to Tamil, even as Tamil has undergone some changes in modern ways of speaking. According to Hindu legend, Tamil or in personification form Tamil Thāi (Mother Tamil)
4230-673: The Tamils who settled there 200 years ago. Tamil language is available as a course in some local school boards and major universities in Canada and the month of January has been declared "Tamil Heritage Month" by the Parliament of Canada . Tamil enjoys a special status of protection under Article 6(b), Chapter 1 of the Constitution of South Africa and is taught as a subject in schools in KwaZulu-Natal province. Recently, it has been rolled out as
4324-477: The Theni district, due to the construction of Vaigai Dam across the river Vaigai , which led to evacuation of 14 villages (including Mettur). In his new surroundings, he also took up agriculture in addition to his academics. From a very young age, Vairamuthu was drawn towards the language and literature of Tamil . The Dravidian movement in Tamil Nadu during the 1960s, made a significant impression on his youth and he
4418-442: The ancient language ( sankattamiḻ ), a modern literary and formal style ( centamiḻ ), and a modern colloquial form ( koṭuntamiḻ ). These styles shade into each other, forming a stylistic continuum. For example, it is possible to write centamiḻ with a vocabulary drawn from caṅkattamiḻ , or to use forms associated with one of the other variants while speaking koṭuntamiḻ . In modern times, centamiḻ
4512-488: The character of Nandu; played by Kamal Haasan ). He has also penned lyrics for the theme songs of many Tamil television shows and jingles for advertisements, the most notable among them being the theme for the Tamil soap opera Chithi . Vairamuthu has written 37 books which include collections of poetry as well as novels in the Tamil language. Several of them have been translated into English , Hindi , Malayalam , Telugu , Kannada , Russian and Norwegian . He introduced
4606-670: The culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India, but it has also been related to the Harappan civilization . Scholars categorise the attested history of the language into three periods: Old Tamil (300 BCE–700 CE), Middle Tamil (700–1600) and Modern Tamil (1600–present). About of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India are in Tamil Nadu. Of them, most are in Tamil, with only about 5 percent in other languages. In 2004,
4700-936: The dialect of Madurai , and iṅkaṭe in some northern dialects. Even now, in the Coimbatore area, it is common to hear " akkaṭṭa " meaning "that place". Although Tamil dialects do not differ significantly in their vocabulary, there are a few exceptions. The dialects spoken in Sri Lanka retain many words and grammatical forms that are not in everyday use in India, and use many other words slightly differently. Tamil dialects include Central Tamil dialect , Kongu Tamil , Madras Bashai , Madurai Tamil , Nellai Tamil , Kumari Tamil in India ; Batticaloa Tamil dialect , Jaffna Tamil dialect , Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka; and Malaysian Tamil in Malaysia. Sankethi dialect in Karnataka has been heavily influenced by Kannada . The dialect of
4794-445: The dialogues for Andru Peytha Mazhaiyil (1989), which was directed by the National award-winning cinematographer Ashok Kumar . After K. Balachander's Punnagai Mannan (1986), Vairamuthu and Ilaiyaraaja parted ways. After their split, Vairamuthu's career stalled for the next five years, when he worked largely on lyrics for other language films that were dubbed in Tamil. His association with director Bharathiraja remained intact, as
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#17328944392254888-399: The differences between Tamil and Malayalam demonstrate a pre-historic divergence of the western dialect, the process of separation into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not completed until sometime in the 13th or 14th century. Additionally Kannada is also relatively close to the Tamil language and shares the format of the formal ancient Tamil language. While there are some variations from
4982-634: The district of Palakkad in Kerala has many Malayalam loanwords, has been influenced by Malayalam's syntax, and has a distinctive Malayalam accent. Similarly, Tamil spoken in Kanyakumari District has more unique words and phonetic style than Tamil spoken at other parts of Tamil Nadu. The words and phonetics are so different that a person from Kanyakumari district is easily identifiable by their spoken Tamil. Hebbar and Mandyam dialects, spoken by groups of Tamil Vaishnavites who migrated to Karnataka in
5076-635: The duo worked together in the late 1980s on films such as Vedham Pudhithu (composed by Devendran ) and Kodi Parakuthu (composed by Hamsalekha ). He also worked with Bollywood composers such as R. D. Burman in the film Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga and the duo Laxmikant–Pyarelal on Uyire Unakkaga . During this time, he also collaborated with composer Chandrabose on the films Shankar Guru , Makkal En Pakkam , Manithan , Katha Nayagan , Thaimel Aanai , Paatti Sollai Thattathe , Vasanthi , Raja Chinna Roja and Sugamana Sumaigal . They last worked together on Aadhikkam , which
5170-566: The farmer's dialectical language. This novel is a prophecy on the suicides of farmers five years before it had happened. The author was heartbroken when the poverty-stricken farmers who were unable to feed their families due to failure of monsoon, severe drought conditions, debt and despair, committed suicide. Vairamuthu has set up a foundation, the Vairamuthu Educational Trust , which provides funding to underprivileged families for education of their children. He served as President of
5264-431: The film Nizhalgal in the year 1980. The first song he wrote in his career, was "Pon Maalai Pozhuthu", which was composed by "Isaignani" Ilaiyaraaja and sung by S.P. Balasubrahmanyam . The first song of his that was released, was "Batrakali Uttamaseeli" (also composed by Ilaiyaraaja) from the film Kaali , which was released four months before Nizhalgal . Vairamuthu quit his career as a translator to work full-time in
5358-461: The film Thenmerku Paruvakaatru ) and Yuvan Shankar Raja (the son of Ilaiyaraaja ; their association yielded him his seventh National Award for the film Dharma Durai ). During his nearly 40-year career, he has worked with over 150 music directors. In addition to lyrics, Vairamuthu has also penned poems which feature as part of the dialogue, on films such as Duet , Iruvar (for the character played by Prakash Raj ), and Aalavandhan (for
5452-635: The film industry. After Nizhalgal , Vairamuthu and Ilaiyaraaja kicked off a successful collaboration which would last a little more than half a decade. Their joint association with director Bharathiraja, led to some of the most critically acclaimed soundtracks such as Alaigal Oivathillai (which won Vairamuthu his first Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Lyricist ), Kaadhal Oviyam , Mann Vasanai , Pudhumai Penn , Oru Kaidhiyin Diary , Muthal Mariyathai (which won Vairamuthu his first National Award for Best Lyricist ) and Kadalora Kavithaigal . During
5546-464: The general public, which found the use of children by Nithyananda in such a manner objectionable. A case was also filed against Vairamuthu. As a part of the #MeToo movement , Vairamuthu was accused of sexual harassment in 2018 by singer Chinmayi Sripaada and Bhuvana Seshan. Journalist Sandhya Menon also tweeted allegations against Vairamuthu messaged to her by a woman. Hayma Malini Yugendran (Malaysia Vasudevan's Daughter-in-law) claimed that one of
5640-699: The hill country . Tamil or dialects of it were used widely in the state of Kerala as the major language of administration, literature and common usage until the 12th century CE. Tamil was also used widely in inscriptions found in southern Andhra Pradesh districts of Chittoor and Nellore until the 12th century CE. Tamil was used for inscriptions from the 10th through 14th centuries in southern Karnataka districts such as Kolar , Mysore , Mandya and Bengaluru . There are currently sizeable Tamil-speaking populations descended from colonial-era migrants in Malaysia , Singapore , Philippines , Mauritius , South Africa , Indonesia, Thailand, Burma , and Vietnam . Tamil
5734-414: The illiterate male chauvinistic community. The core of Vairamuthu's poetry portrays his pleading to the human to appreciate nature, pointing to the incredible truth that fire is fire as long as it burns, Earth is Earth as long as it spins and Man is man as long as he struggles. The struggle of the Indian agrarian community due to globalization, liberalisation and global warming is depicted in this novel in
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#17328944392255828-432: The introduction of new aspectual auxiliaries and more complex sentence structures, and with the emergence of a more rigid word order that resembles the syntactic argument structure of English. In 1578, Portuguese Christian missionaries published a Tamil prayer book in old Tamil script named Thambiran Vanakkam , thus making Tamil the first Indian language to be printed and published. The Tamil Lexicon , published by
5922-406: The lady often goes to the beach, and prays in the garden every night. When they ask her why she goes to the beach, she says that she is waiting for her husband to come. The son gets angry and reminds her that she has been waiting for 25 years, and he is not going to come. Whilst the mother goes to the beach, the couple digs the spot in the garden where she prays and find a skeleton. They report this to
6016-456: The latter of which is restricted to a few lexical items. Tamil employs agglutinative grammar, where suffixes are used to mark noun class , number , and case , verb tense and other grammatical categories. Tamil's standard metalinguistic terminology and scholarly vocabulary is itself Tamil, as opposed to the Sanskrit that is standard for most Indo-Aryan languages . Much of Tamil grammar
6110-416: The local fishermen do not allow him to go into the sea. The young man, due to his determination, buys a boat, marries his love, and life is all rosy until fate intervenes. The married couple has a son. One day, Arulappan goes to fish, but after several days, he does not return. Esther is really worried about him. They find his body in a boat shot and bring him home. Esther says to keep him in the house, and it
6204-415: The most for any Indian lyricist. He has also been honored with a Padma Shri , a Padma Bhushan and a Sahitya Akademi Award , for his abundant literary output. Vairamuthu was born on 13 July 1953, to Ramasamy and his wife Angammal, who were agriculturalists based in the village of Mettoor, in the district of Theni , Tamil Nadu . In 1957, his family was forced to move to Vadugapatti , another village in
6298-423: The name comes from tam-miḻ > tam-iḻ "self-speak", or "our own speech". Kamil Zvelebil suggests an etymology of tam-iḻ , with tam meaning "self" or "one's self", and " -iḻ " having the connotation of "unfolding sound". Alternatively, he suggests a derivation of tamiḻ < tam-iḻ < * tav-iḻ < * tak-iḻ , meaning in origin "the proper process (of speaking)". However, this
6392-531: The old aspect and time markers. The Nannūl remains the standard normative grammar for modern literary Tamil, which therefore continues to be based on Middle Tamil of the 13th century rather than on Modern Tamil. Colloquial spoken Tamil, in contrast, shows a number of changes. The negative conjugation of verbs, for example, has fallen out of use in Modern Tamil – instead, negation is expressed either morphologically or syntactically. Modern spoken Tamil also shows
6486-710: The period he was working with Ilaiyaraaja, Vairamuthu collaborated with director Mani Ratnam for the first time in Idhaya Kovil in 1985, penning the song "Naan Padum Mouna Ragam" (which inspired the title of Ratnam's breakthrough Mouna Ragam , which was released in the following year). Besides their work with Bharathiraja, the combination of the lyricist and the composer tasted success with more soundtracks such as Raja Paarvai , Ninaivellam Nithya , Nallavanukku Nallavan , Salangai Oli and Sindhu Bhairavi (the latter two yielding Ilaiyaraaja his first two National Awards for Music Direction ). Vairamuthu also worked as
6580-508: The police, and the case is handled by Inspector Agnes, who begins interrogating the old lady. The old lady tells her past. Arulappasamy is a young man who is an alcoholic and wastrel and also a constant embarrassment to his hardworking adopted parents. Esther is an orphan girl who is adopted by a nun named Sister Benita, and she stays in the church. Arulappan slowly gets attracted to Esther, and his love for her changes him. He gives up drinking and wants to work so that he can marry Esther. However,
6674-436: The presenters of a TV channel, where she worked was harassed by Vairamuthu. Vairamuthu denied all allegations and said they are "filled with ulterior motives". He also said that he is ready to face any legal action and said let the court decide. Additionally, in an interview with News7, a Tamil News Channel, A. R. Reihana ( A. R. Rahman 's sister) had mentioned that she has known about the harassment faced by multiple women in
6768-589: The rest of their lives in the service of the temple. In many cases, they were sexually exploited and pushed into prostitution. He said that Andal had lived and died at the Srirangam temple in Tiruchirappalli according to the American scholar. BJP leader H Raja criticized the speech. Vairamuthu later issued an apology claiming that his speech was intentionally twisted by vested interests and that he has expressed regret for
6862-465: The standard characters, six characters taken from the Grantha script , which was used in the Tamil region to write Sanskrit, are sometimes used to represent sounds not native to Tamil, that is, words adopted from Sanskrit, Prakrit , and other languages. The traditional system prescribed by classical grammars for writing loan-words, which involves respelling them in accordance with Tamil phonology, remains, but
6956-496: The stint of his under-graduation at Pachaiyappa’s College in Chennai , he was acclaimed as a speaker and poet. In his sophomore year, he published his first anthology of poems, titled Vaigarai Megangal ('Clouds at Dawn'), at the age of nineteen. The book was prescribed as part of the curriculum in the Women's Christian College , giving Vairamuthu the distinction of being a writer whose work
7050-577: The team of Rahman and Vairamuthu are also noted for their collaboration with director Shankar (on Gentleman , Kadhalan , Indian , Jeans , Mudhalvan , Sivaji , and Enthiran ), Bharathiraja (on Kizhakku Cheemayile , Karuththamma , Anthimanthaarai and Taj Mahal ), K. S. Ravikumar (on Muthu , Padayappa and Varalaru ) and Rajiv Menon (on Minsara Kanavu and Kandukonden Kandukonden ). Some of their other popular films include Pudhiya Mugam , Duet , May Madham , Rhythm , Kochadaiiyaan , and 24 . Vairamuthu
7144-437: The third (directed by Mani Ratnam ) by a debuting composer named A.R. Rahman . Roja was director Mani Ratnam's first film after his split with composer Ilaiyaraaja, and its music is widely regarded as changing the face of not just Tamil, but Indian music. The song "Chinna Chinna Aasai", the first film song which Rahman had composed, won Vairamuthu his second National award for the Best Lyricist. The album secured A.R. Rahman
7238-517: The word for "here"— iṅku in Centamil (the classic variety)—has evolved into iṅkū in the Kongu dialect of Coimbatore , inga in the dialects of Thanjavur and Palakkad , and iṅkai in some dialects of Sri Lanka . Old Tamil's iṅkaṇ (where kaṇ means place) is the source of iṅkane in the dialect of Tirunelveli , Old Tamil iṅkiṭṭu is the source of iṅkuṭṭu in
7332-630: The work of foreign poets to Tamil readers in his Ella Nadhiyilum En Odam . Over 2.6 million copies of his works have been sold. In 1991, four of his books were released on the same day in a grand manner in Madurai by the ex-Chief Minister Karunanidhi. He has also been a speaker at many prominent Tamil conferences in the United States , United Kingdom , Russia , Australia , Japan , Canada , Hong Kong , China , Singapore , Malaysia , Thailand , United Arab Emirates , Kuwait , Oman , Maldives , Switzerland and Sri Lanka . For his work in literature, he
7426-492: Was "a moving drama that will undoubtedly leave you with a lump in your throat. And films like this are hard to find." Malathi Rangarajan from The Hindu called the film as "soaring high" and said, "If meaningful cinema matters to you, go for it," by adding, "as a producer, Udhayanidhi Stalin can be proud of having backed a purposeful film, and as a creator, Seenu Ramasamy makes the water bird preen, and soar with confidence." Pavithra Srinivasan from Rediff.com gave 3 out of 5 with
7520-526: Was a Tamilian himself, in a joint sitting of both houses of the Indian Parliament on 6 June 2004. The socio-linguistic situation of Tamil is characterised by diglossia : there are two separate registers varying by socioeconomic status , a high register and a low one. Tamil dialects are primarily differentiated from each other by the fact that they have undergone different phonological changes and sound shifts in evolving from Old Tamil. For example,
7614-406: Was all her fault because she is the one who sent him to work. The police releases the old lady but asks why she waits for her husband to come if she knows that he is dead. She says that only his body returned to shore, but his soul is still in the sea. Seenu Ramasamy chose B. Jeyamohan to pen the dialogues for his film. The lead male role was initially supposed to be enacted by Vimal . Later, it
7708-423: Was also conferred the titles of Kavi Samrat ("King of Poetry") by former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee , Kaapiya Kavignar ("Epic Poet") by former Indian President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Kaviperarasu ("The Emperor of Poets") by former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi . Kallikkattu Ithikasam depicts the story of the people of a village who have turned refugees in independent India. In
7802-579: Was announced to be joining the team in April 2012. Furthermore, Saranya Ponvannan , who previously worked with the director in Thenmerku Paruvakaatru which fetched her the National Film Award for Best Actress , was signed for a supporting role. As the film is about a village fisherman, major portions of the film would be shot in the waters of Manapad and Kulasekarapattinam . The film's shoot
7896-586: Was claimed to be dated to around 580 BCE. John Guy states that Tamil was the lingua franca for early maritime traders from India. Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. In November 2007, an excavation at Quseir-al-Qadim revealed Egyptian pottery dating back to first century BCE with ancient Tamil Brahmi inscriptions. There are
7990-528: Was created by Lord Shiva . Murugan , revered as the Tamil God, along with sage Agastya , brought it to the people. Tamil, like other Dravidian languages, ultimately descends from the Proto-Dravidian language , which was most likely spoken around the third millennium BCE, possibly in the region around the lower Godavari river basin. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of
8084-575: Was delayed after Vishnu injured his arm while playing in the Celebrity Cricket League and the shoot would resume on 8 April. By early June, Seenu Ramasamy had completed the shoot of the talking part of the film and the crew would be shooting fight sequences and song sequences for 25 days, starting from 15 June. N. R. Raghunanthan composed the soundtrack, teaming up with Seenu Ramasamy for the second time. The soundtrack album consists of 7 tracks. The lyrics were written by Vairamuthu . The audio
8178-469: Was inspired by several prominent individuals associated with language, such as Periyar E. V. Ramasamy , 'Perarignar' Annadurai , Kalaignar Mu. Karunanidhi , Subramania Bharathi , Bharathidasan and Kannadasan . He began writing poems from the age of ten and by his early teens, he was noted as a prominent orator and poet in his school. At the age of fourteen, he wrote a group of venba poems, having been inspired by Thiruvalluvar ’s Tirukkuṛaḷ . During
8272-405: Was launched at Sathyam Cinemas on 10 October 2012. A few lines in "Meenuku Siru Meenuku" created controversy among Christians , which led them to protest against the song; thus, the objected lyrics were changed. Behindwoods wrote, "Neerparavai is N.R.R’s best album so far that deserves a few more listens". Neerparavai was initially scheduled to release on 23 November 2012, but was pushed by
8366-630: Was officially announced that Vishnu will be the lead male as Vimal was unable to allot dates. It was produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin under the Red Giant Movies banner. Bindu Madhavi was signed up to portray the lead female role in January 2012. However, the FEFSI strike of 2012 delayed the film, and Bindu had to opt out owing to date clashes. She was subsequently replaced by Sunaina . Nandita Das , who previously appeared in critically acclaimed Tamil films including Azhagi and Kannathil Muthamittal ,
8460-634: Was part of a syllabus, while he was still a student. He completed a 2 year Master's program in Arts in the field of Tamil literature at the Madras University . After his education, he began his professional career at the Tamil Nadu Official Language Commission in the mid-1970s, as a translator of law books and documents from English to Tamil, working under Justice Maharajan. In addition to this, he continued writing poetry, bringing out
8554-454: Was released in 2005. In 1991, K. Balachander signed Vairamuthu as a lyricist for three of his productions , which were set for release in the following year: Vaaname Ellai , Annamalai and Roja . The first film (directed by Balachander himself) was composed by M.M. Keeravani (credited as 'Maragadhamani' in Tamil), the second (directed by Suresh Krissna ) had music scored by Deva , and
8648-447: Was released on 30 November 2012 to positive reviews from critics and did well at the box-office. The film is introduced when an old lady's son and daughter-in-law come to stay in her house in a coastal village, where she lives by herself. The son asks his mother to sell off the house, so that he can build a house in the city with help from his father in law, but the old lady refuses to sell the house. The son and daughter-in-law notice that
8742-504: Was the lingua franca for early maritime traders, with inscriptions found in places like Sri Lanka , Thailand , and Egypt . The language has a well-documented history with literary works like Sangam literature , consisting of over 2,000 poems. Tamil script evolved from Tamil Brahmi, and later, the vatteluttu script was used until the current script was standardized. The language has a distinct grammatical structure, with agglutinative morphology that allows for complex word formations. Tamil
8836-451: Was the emergence of the present tense. The present tense evolved out of the verb kil ( கில் ), meaning "to be possible" or "to befall". In Old Tamil, this verb was used as an aspect marker to indicate that an action was micro-durative, non-sustained or non-lasting, usually in combination with a time marker such as ṉ ( ன் ). In Middle Tamil, this usage evolved into a present tense marker – kiṉṟa ( கின்ற ) – which combined
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