76-607: Nediyiruppu was the capital of the Zamorin 's kingdom in colonial Kerala . At the time, it was known as Nediyiruppu Swaroopam . It is a region of the Kondotty municipality in Malappuram district , Kerala , India. It is situated 24 kilometres (15 mi) from Malappuram , the district headquarters. Nediyiruppu was the headquarters of the Zamorin rulers of the Kingdom of Calicut (the kingdom
152-670: A pelisse , headgear and ceremonial robes. "As for duties [at Calicut], at one-fortieth, and that too, only on sales, they are even lower than at Hormuz [in the Persian Gulf]", says Abdur Razzaq. While in Calicut, Razzaq was invited by the Vijayanagara ruler Deva Raya II to his court. The envoy arrived from the Vijayanagara king had "asked" the Zamorin to send the Herat envoy on to his court. He also says
228-507: A Polarthiri royal princess and she was welcomed in Kolathunadu (Cannanore) – one of the Zamorin's rivals polities. After the marriage of a Kolathu prince with this princess the Kadathanadu ruling family was born. The name Kadathanadu refers to as the passing way between Kolathunadu and Calicut. Some land and Hindu temple rights were transferred to Calicut during a visit to Kollam by a ruler of
304-400: A battle against Palakkad and the expansion to Naduvattom by a Calicut prince. Kollengode of Venganadu Nambitis was also put under the sway of Calicut during the time. The severe and frequent battles with Valluvanadu by Calicut continued. But even after the loss of his superior ally Kochi, Valluvanadu did not submit to Calicut. The ruler of Calicut followed a custom of settling Muslim families and
380-464: A coastal region called Payyanadu. Payyanadu was a part of Kurumbranadu in early times, and was eventually given as a "royal gift" to Calicut. Calicut easily overran the Kurumbranadu warriors in the battle and Kurumbranadu had to sue for peace by surrendering Valisseri. The ruler of Calicut next turned his attention to the valley of Perar . Large parts of the valley was then ruled by Valluvakkonathiri,
456-404: A distinctive social group, something of a "sub-caste" – began to style themselves as " Samantha Kshatriyas ". The Samantas have birth, marriage and death customs identical to other Nair communities. The Zamorin follows a matriarchal system where the present king's sister's son becomes the next king. The direct sisters of the Zamorin are always married to Nambudiri Brahmin men. Consequently,
532-523: A fort (Koyil Kotta) at a place called "Velapuram" (port) to safeguard their new interests. The power balance in Kerala changed as Eralnadu rulers developed the port at Calicut. The Zamorin became one of the most powerful chiefs in Kerala. In some of his military campaigns – such as that into Valluvanadu – the ruler received unambiguous assistance from the Muslim Middle Eastern sailors. It seems that
608-489: A long time. Further assaults in the east against Valluvanadu were neither prolonged nor difficult for Calicut. The battles along the western borders of Valluvanadu were bitter, for they were marked by treachery and crime. Panthalur and Ten Kalams came under Calicut only after a protracted struggle. The assassination of a minister of Calicut by the chief minister of Valluvanadu while visiting Venkatakkotta in Valluvanadu sparked
684-751: A moderately large number of visitors come to see the rolling hills and scenic views. There are many stone crushers and plantations atop the hills. There is an old Dalit colony on the western side of the hill. The hilltop colony in this village was marked officially as Neidiyiruppu on a milestone placed at the road junction. This junction is called Colony Road Junction, after the Harijan colony, Kerala's first, in this village. Zamorin The Samoothiri (Anglicised as Zamorin ; Malayalam : Sāmūtiri , [saːmuːd̪iɾi] , Arabic : Sāmuri , Portuguese : Samorim , Dutch : Samorijn , Chinese : Shamitihsi )
760-483: A population of 30,462 with 14,859 males and 15,603 females. In 2015, Nediyiruppu Grama Panchayath and Kondotty Grama Panchayath merged to form a new Kondotty municipality. Most of the people of this village are farmers. Some of them also work in Persian Gulf countries . There is a very good level of affluence in the village because of remittances from workers in the Persian Gulf region. The biggest Harijan colony in
836-555: A preliminary advance to Kolathunadu. Kolathiri immediately sent ambassadors to submit to whatever terms Calicut might dictate. Kolathunadu transferred the regions already occupied to Calicut and certain Hindu temple rights. The stories about the origin of the Kadathanadu ruling family (Vatakara) are associated with battle of the Eradis with Polanadu. When the Zamorin swarmed over Polanadu, he exiled
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#1732870161945912-619: A rich source of Islamic studies. Some of the books are written in Arabi-Malayalam which is a version of the Malayalam language written in Arabic script . Duff Muttu , Kolkali , and Aravanamuttu are common folk arts of this locality. The Hindu minority maintains their traditions by celebrating various festivals in their temples. Hindu rituals are performed here with a regular devotion, as in other parts of Kerala. Mini Ooty , or Arimbra Hills,
988-558: A second home for the Zamorins of Calicut. Other secondary seats of the Zamorin of Calicut, all established at a much later time, were Trichur (Thrissur) and Cranganore (Kodungallur). The 147th Samoothiri Raja, Sree Manavedan Raja , who was married to Bharathy Thamburatty from Nilambur Kovilakam, became the last Zamorin in the dynasty's 682 year history to hold power over the Guruvayur Temple . The chief Kerala ports under control of
1064-509: A separate Revenue Village called Amsom at the time of the British Raj . When the village head, or Adhikari, was suspended by British authorities due to some allegations against him, the Morayur village head (Adhikari) Kodithodika Valiya Ahammed Kutty Haji was given charge then. Later, Arimbra merged with Morayur Revenue Village. Government Vocational Higher Secondary School, Arimbra is one of
1140-456: A small polity between Valluvanadu and Palakkad (Palghat). Nedunganadu was overran without striking even a single blow. The chief of Nedunganadu surrendered to the Calicut forces at a place called Kodikkuni. Then the Calicut warriors captured a number of smaller villages around Thirunavaya – such as Thiruvegappuram – from Valluvanadu. The Valluvanadu governor tried to overcome the Calicut prince's advance at Kolakkadu. Near Karimpuzha in Valluvanadu,
1216-402: A stronger force, namely Kurumpuranadu, with a force of Seven Hundred although many lesser ones with Five Hundred of Purakizhanadu, Three Hundred of Nantuzhanadu and others. The following table shows available inscriptions mentioning the rulers of Eranad: As per the charter, while residing at Chera capital Kodungallur, king Bhaskara Ravi granted Jewish merchant Joseph Rabban a plate giving him
1292-515: Is 445 meters. Arimbra Hills can be reached at a distance of 4 km (2.5 mi) from Aravankara near Pookkottoor located in Malappuram - Calicut stretch of NH966 . The site is 11 km (6.8 mi) from Karathode , located along Malappuram-Parappanangadi road (SH 72). There are several other minor roads that connect to the region from Pookkottoor, Mongam , Morayur, Musliyarangadi, Kottukara, and Thottassery near Kondotty. An alternative route
1368-403: Is a predominantly Muslim area, with Hindus in comparatively smaller numbers, so the culture of the locality is based upon Muslim traditions. People gather in mosques for evening prayer and continue to sit there after the prayers, discussing social and cultural issues. Business and family issues are also sorted out during these evening meetings. There are many libraries attached to mosques that are
1444-399: Is a small village about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Nediyiruppu. It is a 500 metres (1,600 ft) steep climb from the main road. Mini Ooty can be accessed from Musliyarangadi, Colony Road, Pookkottoor, or Vengara. The route to Mini Ooty passes other small villages, such as Melaparamba, Angadi, Thazhe Colony, Moochikundu, Poolappees and Thiruvonamoola. The roads are in good condition, and
1520-465: Is at Feroke . The nearest airport is at Kozhikode . The main income of the village is from remittances from Persian Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia. A large number of the locals also work in the agrarian sector. Small industries like hollow bricks, wood cutting, granite quarries, and matchbox units exist in the village. The only available petrol bunker is located at Kurupath Junction. Nediyiruppu village has six temples, 20 mosques, and 21 Madrassas. It
1596-400: Is available from Poolappis Junction near Oorakam on SH 72. Those who are coming from Calicut can access the hills from Colony Road near Kondotty. Thiruvonamala, Poolappees, Muchikundu, Cheruppadi Mala, Kunnumpuram and Kakkad lare suitable for hiking and also have fine viewpoints. One can see the runway of Calicut International Airport in full action from these viewpoints. Arimbra was
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#17328701619451672-586: Is the Cheriyam mountain at Mankada in Malappuram district. This Cheriyam mountain is also known as Panthalur Hill. Cheriyam mountain is located at an elevation of 613 meters (2,011 ft) above sea level. Mount Amminikkadan is the second highest mountain of this five mountains. The height of this Amminikkadan mountain is 540 meters. This Arimbra mountain in Kondotty in Malappuram district is the third highest mountain of this five mountains. The height of this Arimbra mountain
1748-641: The East India Company . Eventually, the status of the Zamorin was reduced to that of a pensioner of the company by 1806. Historical records regarding the origin of the Zamorin of Calicut are obscure. However, it is generally agreed among historians the Eradis were originally the autonomous rulers of the Eranadu region of the Kodungallur Chera kingdom. The Kodungallur Chera kingdom was a congeries of chiefdoms, which were ruled by local chiefs. The office of
1824-564: The British. Travancore became the most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the powerful Zamorin of Calicut in a battle located in Purakkad in 1755. In 1766, Haider Ali of Mysore defeated the Zamorin of Calicut and absorbed Calicut to his state. After the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790–1792), Malabar District including Zamorin's former territories were placed under the control of
1900-581: The Calicut Granthavari recount the events leading to the establishment of the state of Calicut. There were two brothers belonging to the Eradi ruling family at Nediyiruppu . The brothers Manichan and Vikraman were the most trusted warriors in the militia of the Kodungallur Cheras . They distinguished themselves in the battles against the foreigners. However, during the partition of Chera kingdom,
1976-589: The Calicut control and Perumpadappu ruler again shifted their base further south to Kochi ( Cochin , in 1405). Calicut subjugated large parts of the state of Kochi in the subsequent years. The family feud between the elder and younger branches of the ruling family of Kochi was exploited by the Zamorin of Calicut. The intervention was initiated as Calicut's help was sought against the ruling younger branch. The rulers of Kodungallur, Idappalli, Airur, Sarkkara, Patinjattedam [Thrissur] and Chittur supported or joined Calicut forces in this occupation of Kochi. Some of these were
2052-541: The Calicut. Deva Raya II (1424–1446), king of the Vijayanagara Empire , conquered the whole of present-day Kerala state in the 15th century. He defeated (1443) rulers of Venadu (Kollam, Quilon), as well as Calicut. Fernão Nunes says that the Zamorin and even the kings of Burma ruling at Pegu and Tenasserim paid tribute to the king of Vijayanagara Empire. Later Calicut and Venadu seems to have rebelled against their Vijayanagara overlords, but Deva Raya II quelled
2128-449: The Chera monarch failed to allocate any land to Nediyiruppu. Filled with guilt, the king later gave an unwanted piece of marshy tract of land called Kozhikode to the younger brother Vikraman (the elder brother died in the battle). The king also gifted his personal sword and his favourite prayer conch – both broken – to him and told him to occupy as much as land as he could with all his might. So
2204-507: The Chovvaram and raided Panniyur simultaneously. Thirumanasseri Nadu was overran by its neighbours on south and east. The Thirumanasseri Nambudiri appealed to the ruler of Calicut for help, and promised to cede the port of Ponnani to Calicut as the price for his protection. Calicut, looking for such an opportunity, gladly accepted the offer. Assisted by the warriors of their subordinate chiefs (Chaliyam, Beypore , Tanur and Kodungallur ) and
2280-477: The Eradis conquered neighbouring kingdoms and created a large state for themselves. As a token of their respect to the Chera king, they adopted the logo of two crossed swords, with a broken conch in the middle and a lighted lamp above it. The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position along the medieval Kerala coastline, while Kannur , Kollam , and Kochi , were commercially important secondary ports, where traders from various parts of
2356-756: The Four Brahmin Ministers, the Leader of the Thousand Nairs, the Leader of the Six Hundred Nairs of Venadu, Punthurakkon Manavikrama – the chief of Eranadu, and other feudatories, made prayaschittam (penance) for an offence against the Arya Brahmins by donating cereals for the daily feeding of Brahmins and leasing out a Cherikkal for that purpose to the Venadu chief Kumaran Udaya Varma. Duarte Barbosa , in
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2432-647: The Granthavaris, and in official treaties with the English and the Dutch. No records indicate the actual personal name of the ruler. Punthura may be the place of their origin, or a battle-field, or a port of great fame. The title "Kunnalakkon" ("Lord of Hills and Waves") and its Sanskrit form "Shailabdhishvara" are mostly found in later literary works (such as Manipravalam and Sanskrit poems). Thrikkavil Kovilakam in Ponnani served as
2508-500: The Muslim judge of Calicut offered all help in "money and material" to the Zamorin to strike at Thirunavaya. Smaller chiefdoms south of Calicut – Beypore, Chaliyam, Parappanadu and Tanur (Vettam) – soon had to submit and became their feudatories one by one. The rulers of Payyormala, Kurumbranadu , and other Nair chiefs on the suburbs of Calicut also acknowledged the supremacy of Calicut. There were battles between Calicut and Kurumbranadu for
2584-536: The Muslim naval fleet under the Koya of Calicut, the Zamorin's fighters advanced by both land and sea. The main force under the command of Zamorin himself attacked, encamping at Thripangodu, an allied force of Valluvanadu and Perumpadappu from the north. Meanwhile, another force under the Eralppadu commanded a fleet across the sea and landed at Ponnani and later moved to Thirumanasseri, with intention to descend on Thirunavaya from
2660-542: The Polarthiri at his base, resulting in a 48-year-long standoff. The Eradi was unsuccessful, and then he propitiated the Bhagavati , bribed the followers of Polarthiri and even the consort of the ruler of Polanadu and won them to his side. Learning of this treachery Polarthiri fled from Kozhikode. The Eradi emerged victorious and shifted his seat from Nediyiruppu to Kozhikode – then also called "Thrivikramapuram". The Eradis built
2736-525: The Pulpatta temple. Fine is prescribed for the violation of the rules. The Uralar are authorised to take over from Pattavalan (officer in charge of collection) in case of obstruction. Manigramam was a famous merchant guild (active in southern India and south-east Asia) organised by native Indians. Although there is no solid basis for the famous partition legend (the Cheraman Perumal tradition) surrounding
2812-506: The Sultanate of Bengal, been stranded at port Calicut, and on this occasion had been received by the Zamorin of Calicut. Impressed by the description of the Timurid influence, the Zamorin decided to send his own embassy to Herat. Abdur Razzaq, an employ of Shahrukh, was soon engaged on a mission to Calicut (November 1442 – April 1443). He carried a series of presents from Herat, including a horse,
2888-417: The Zamorin's King’s lineage was always half Zamorin and half Nambudiri Brahmin . In the royal family, thalis of the princesses were usually tied by Kshatriyas from Kodungallur chief's family, which the Zamorin recognised as more ancient and therefore higher rank. The women's sambandham partners were Nambudiri Brahmins or Kshatriyas. Royal men married Samantan or other Nair women. Zamorin's consort
2964-448: The Zamorins in the late 15th century were Panthalayini Kollam, and Calicut . The Zamorin of Calicut derived a greater part of his revenues by taxing the spice trade through his ports. Smaller ports in the kingdom were Puthuppattanam (Kottakkal), Parappanangadi , Tanur (Tanore) , Ponnani (Ponani) , Chetuva (Chetwai) and Kodungallur (Cranganore) . The port of Beypore served as a ship building center. According to K. V. Krishna Iyer,
3040-491: The ancient hereditary chief of Valluvanadu. The principal objective of Calicut was the capture the sacred settlement of Thirunavaya . Soon the Zamorins found themselves intervened in the so-called kurmatsaram between Nambudiris of Panniyurkur and Chovvarakur. In the most recent event, the Nambudiris from Thirumanasseri Nadu had assaulted and burned the nearby rival village. The rulers of Valluvanadu and Perumpadappu came to help
3116-438: The battle, which dragged on for almost a decade. At last the Valluvanadu minister was captured by Zamorin's warriors and executed at Padapparambu, and his province (Ten Kalams, including Kottakkal and Panthalur) were occupied by the Zamorin. The Kizhakke Kovilakam Munalappadu, who took a leading part in this campaign, received half of the newly captured province from Zamorin as a gift. The loss of this fiercely loyal chief minister
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3192-457: The battles, the Nairs abandoned the settlement and Calicut infested Thirunavaya. The capture of Thirunavaya was not the end of Calicut's expansion into Valluvanadu. The Zamorin continued surges over on Valluvanadu. Malappuram , Nilambur , Vallappanattukara and Manjeri were easily occupied. He encountered stiff resistance in some places and the fights went on in a protracted and sporadic fashion for
3268-601: The chief of Eranadu, and other feudatories, made amends for (some) offence against the Arya Brahmins by donating paddy for daily feeding the Brahmins and leasing out a Cherikkal for that purpose to Venadu chief Kumara Udaya Varma. (c. 11th century) The chief of Eranadu Manavepala Mana Viyatan creates an endowment for Tiruvilakku at Trichambaram temple. The Six Hundred of Eralanadu and the Three Hundred of Etattirai Nadu, among others, make provision for "uttu" by assigning land to
3344-487: The chief/senior prince of Eranad (Eralanadu Utaya) is assumed to be hereditary. The earliest reference to the chief and chiefdom of Eranad is the Cochin Jewish copper plate (c. 1000). Old Malayalam inscriptions name two titles for the rulers of Eranad – Manvepala Manaviyata (c. 11 century) and Manavikrama (c. 12th century). In the later period, Manavikrama, Manaveda and Viraraya were the only names given to male members in
3420-497: The chronological seniority of the incumbent in the different thavazhis of the swaroopam and constituted what is called in the records as "kuruvazhcha". Unlike in the case of Cochin (Kochi), there was no rotation of position among the thavazhis. Thus no particular thavazhi enjoyed any privilege or precedence in the matter of succession, as the only criterion for succession was seniority of age. Five sthanams existed in Calicut, each with its own separate property enjoyed in succession by
3496-533: The coastal "marshy lands" and established the city of Calicut. To corroborate his assertion that the Eradi prince was a member of the inner circle of the last Chera king Rama Kulasekhara (c. 1089 – 1122), scholars cite an old Malayalam inscription (1102) found on a granite pillar set up in the courtyard of the Ramashwaram temple, Kollam . According to the inscription, the king, residing at Panainkavu Palace at Kurakkeni Kollam, sitting in council with Arya Brahmins,
3572-461: The commander of the eastern forces. Anchuvannam was a merchant guild in Kerala organised by Jewish, Christian and Muslim merchants from the Middle East. The Chera king Rama Kulasekhara, residing at Kollam, sitting in royal council with Arya Brahmins of the temple, the Four Brahmin Ministers, the Leader of the Thousand Nairs, the Leader of the Six Hundred Nairs of Venadu, Punthurakkon Manavikrama –
3648-597: The commerce was repeatedly hampered by the forces of the Zamorin of Calicut. The Kunjali Marakkars , the famous Muslim warriors, were the admiral of the fleet of Calicut. By the end of the 16th century the Portuguese – now commanding the spice traffic on the Malabar Coast – had succeeded in replacing the Muslim merchants in the Arabian Sea. The Dutch supplanted the Portuguese in the 17th century, who in turn were supplanted by
3724-566: The court historian in Calicut, the members of the royal house of Zamorin belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the sub-caste Samantan of the Nair caste. The Samantas claimed a status higher than the rest of the Nairs. The Hindu theological formula that the rulers must be of Kshatriya varna may have been a complication for the Samantas of the Kodungallur Chera monarch. So the Samantas – already crystallized as
3800-433: The early 16th century, mentions the "Cheraman sword" among the three swords and other royal emblems of the Zamorin usually taken out in ceremonial processions. The sword was worshipped by the Zamorins in their private temple everyday and especially at the time of the coronation. The Cheraman sword was burnt in a surprise attack by the Dutch at Kodungallur (1670) while the Zamorin was residing with Velutha Nambiyar. A new sword
3876-419: The end of Kodungallur Cheras, it is a possibility that following the mysterious disappearance of the ruler, the land was "partitioned" and that the governors of different nadus asserted independence, proclaiming it as their gift from the last overlord. There is some ambiguity regarding the exact course of events that led to the establishment of Eradi's rule over Calicut, their later seat. Some historians are of
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#17328701619453952-437: The families of other Hindu generals who had allegiance to him, in the captured areas of Valluvanadu. Calicut occupied Valluvanadu (now shrunk to Attappadi valley, parts of Mannarkkad, Ottappalam and Perinthalmanna) but could not make much progress into its hinterland. Calicut was also successful in bringing the polity of Kolathunadu (Cannanore) under their control. During his expansions, the Zamorin occupied Pantalayini Kollam as
4028-558: The forested borders of Panthalayini Kollam ( Koyilandy ). The Samoothiris belonged to the Eradi subcaste of the Samantan community of colonial Kerala , and were originally the ruling chiefs of Eranad . The final Zamorin of Calicut committed suicide by setting fire to his palace and burning himself alive inside it, upon learning that Hyder Ali had captured the neighboring country of Chirackal in Kannur . The title zamorin first appears in
4104-410: The head of a large column, and stormed Thirunavaya. In spite of the fact that the warriors of Valluvanadu did not get the timely help of Perumpadappu, they fought vigorously and the battle dragged on. In the meantime, the Calicut minister Mangattachan was also successful in turning Kadannamanna Elavakayil Vellodi (junior branch of Kadannamanna) to their side. Finally, two Valluvanadu princes were killed in
4180-536: The king of Vijayanagara does not possess "jurisdiction" over the kingdom of Calicut, but the Zamorin was apparently "still in great awe of the Vijayanagar king". Mini Ooty Arimbra Hills or Mini Ooty is a tourist spot between Malappuram and Kondotty in Malappuram district , Kerala , India . It is at a height of 445 meters (1,460 ft) above sea level. The place attracts a large number of visitors for its rolling hills and scenic views. The location got
4256-513: The kitchen, and healthy food. Nediyiruppu village has eleven schools. Nediyiruppu village connects to other parts of India through Feroke town on the west and Nilambur town on the east. National Highway 66 passes through Musliyarangadi , connecting to Goa and Mumbai , to the north, and to Cochin and Trivandrum , to the south. State Highway 28 starts at Nilambur and connects to Ooty , Mysore , and Bangalore through state highways 12 , 29 , and 181. The nearest major railway station
4332-399: The meaning "lord of the sea". In fact, the term derives from Sanskrit svami and sri (which in combined form becomes tiri ), which Krishna Iyer glosses as "emperor". He gives the complete title as Svami Tiri Tirumulapad ("august emperor"). The Zamorins used the title Punturakkon or Punthurakon (Victor/Lord of Punthura?) in inscriptions from c. 1100, in palace records known as
4408-634: The nickname "Mini Ooty" because it resembles Ooty , one of the famous hill stations in India. There are many stone crushers and plantations atop the hill. There is an old Scheduled Caste colony on the western side of the hill. Apart from the Western Ghats , Kerala has five major independent mountains. Of these, three are in Malappuram district, one in Palakkad and one in Kannur. The largest of these five mountains
4484-518: The proprietorship of the merchant guild Anchuvannam and other 72 special trade privileges. Rabban was also exempted from all payments made by other settlers in the town to the king, and in-turn, all the rights of other settlers in the town were extended to him. The document was attested by the chief feudatories of the Chera king – Govardhana Marthanda (Venadu), Kotha Chirikanthan (Venpalinadu), Manavepala Mana Viyatan (Eralanadu), Rayiran Chathan (Valluvanadu), Kotha Ravi (Netumpurayur-nadu) – and Murkan Chathan
4560-429: The rebellion. As the Vijayanagara power diminished over the next fifty years, Zamorin of Calicut again rose to prominence in Kerala. Zamorin built a fort at Ponnani in 1498. An embassy from the Zamorin of Calicut, in which the chief envoy was a Persian-speaking Muslim, came to the Timurid court of Mirza Shahrukh at Herat in the 15th century. Some Herat officials had, some years earlier, on their return journey from
4636-599: The royal family, the Zamorin always being known as Manavikrama. Historians assume that Manaveda might be a corruption of the old Malayalam title "Manaviyata". Scholars tentatively identify Manaviyata and Manavikrama with the titles of the elder and younger brothers of the famous origin legend. The strength of the "Hundred Organisation" of the senior prince of Eranadu was "Six Hundred". Several organisations with same capacity are also found in Ramavalanadu, Valluvanadu, Kizhmalanadu and Venadu. Scholars come across only one nadu with
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#17328701619454712-634: The senior members of the three kovilakams of the family: The three thavazhis were: The senior female member of the whole Zamorin family, the Valiya Thamburatti, also enjoyed a sthanam with separate property known as the Ambadi Kovilakam. Women were not allowed to be the ruler of Calicut. And so the oldest male member traced became the next Zamorin. Brahmanic legends such as the Keralolpathi (compiled in its final form c. 17th – 18 century) and
4788-528: The south with help of the warriors of the Thirumanasseri Brahmins. Eralppadu also prevented the warriors of Perumpadappu joining Valluvanadu forces. The Muslim merchants and commanders at Ponnani supported the Calicut force with food, transport and provisions. The warriors of the Eralppadu moved north and crossed the River Perar and took up position on the northern side of the river. The Koya marched at
4864-517: The state of Kerala is located in Nediyiruppu village, on a hillock called Colony Road. Nediyiruppu village merged with the Kondotty municipality in 2015. It is now a part of the municipality. In June 2015, the local government published a guide on health education for the use of teachers of 3rd to 10th standards. This handbook, titled Amrith , contains instructions on hygiene, infectious diseases, safe drinking water, lifestyle, diseases, chemistry in
4940-503: The untouchables – the Cherumas and Panans of Kotta – resisted the advancing Calicut forces. The Calicut won their affection by gifts and presents. Calicut prince was met by an ancestor of Kavalappara Nair, a vassal of Valluvanadu, at Karakkadu. The chiefs under Palakkad surrendered to Calicut at Vengotri, Nellayi and Kakkathodu. Zamorin of Calicut appointed the Eralppadu as the ruler of southern Malabar region during this time. The provincial seat
5016-457: The vassals of Kochi. The Kochi chief was defeated in a battle at Thrissur and his palace was occupied. But, the defeated chief escaped to further south. Pursuing the chief to south, the Calicut forces under Zamorin penetrated and occupied the town of Kochi. Unable to withstand the attacks, Kochi finally accepted Calicut's rule. The prince from the elder branch was installed on the throne of Kochi as vassal. The battles against Kochi were followed by
5092-486: The view that the Eradi was in fact a favourite of the last Kodungallur Chera king as he was at the forefront of the battles with the Chola – Pandya forces in south Kerala. The Eradi seems to have led the Chera army to victory. The king therefore granted him, as a mark of favour, a small tract of land on the sea-coast Calicut in addition to his hereditary possessions (Eralanadu province). The Eradis subsequently moved their seat to
5168-563: The wealth of Manavikrama royalty was kept in a treasury at Nediyiruppu and they called the place Nedi-Iruppu meaning "Got-and-placed". This treasury was located in Viruthiyil Paramba in Nediyiruppu. Nediyiruppu village is a part of the Kondotty municipality.Nediyirupu the landmark mentioned in Kerala PWD milestone placed in Colony road junction. As of 2011 India census , Nediyiruppu had
5244-683: The world would gather. The Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama visited Quilandy (Koyilandy) in 1498, opening the sailing route directly from Europe to South Asia . The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South Indian coast for the Arabs , the Chinese , the Portuguese , the Dutch , and finally the British . The Portuguese efforts to lay the foundations to Estado da Índia , and to take complete control over
5320-525: The writings of Ibn Battuta in 1342. In the Portuguese Book of Duarte Barbosa (c. 1516), the title of the ruler of Calicut is given as çamidre or zomodri , derived from the local Malayalam sāmūtiri . In Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen written by Zainuddin Makhdoom II in the 16th century CE, the word is pronounced as Sāmuri . This was once thought to be derived from Sanskrit samudra ("sea") and have
5396-442: Was at Karimpuzha. Talappilli (present day taluk of the same name and coastal regions from Ponnani to Chetwai) and Chengazhinadu submitted to Calicut without any resistance. Calicut then completed the subjugation Ponnani taluk from Valluvanadu and captured Vannerinadu from Perumpadappu. The Perumpadappu ruler was forced to shift their base further south to Thiruvanchikkulam. When Thrikkanamathilakam near Thiruvanchikkulam came under
5472-551: Was called Nediyiruppu Swaroopam at that time). Important places in Nediyiruppu Village are Musliarangadi, Colony Road Junction (previously this place was mentioned as Nediyiruppu and it was marked in milestone placed there by Kerala PWD), Kottukara, Meleparambu, Chirayil Chungam, Kodangad, and Kurupath. Nediyiruppu Swaroopam Road in Poyilikkave was named in remembrance of that heritage. According to some other historians,
5548-475: Was dignified by the title "Naittiyar". The family of chieftains that ruled the polities in premodern Kerala was known as the swaroopam . The rulers of Calicut belonged to "Nediyirippu swaroopam" and followed matriliny system of inheritance. The eldest male member of Nediyirippu swaroopam became the Zamorin of Calicut. There was a set pattern of succession, indicated by sthanams in the royal line. Five sthanams were defined in Calicut. These positions were based on
5624-545: Was made in 1672 out of the fragments of the old. The broken parts of the 1672 sword, kept in a fully sealed copper sheath, are still worshipped daily in the Bhagavathi temple attached to the palace of the Zamorins at Thiruvachira. The 17th century work, Keralolpathi describes the events following the gift of Calicut to the Eradi prince. Kozhikode and its suburbs formed part of Polanadu ruled by Polarthiri. The Eradi marched with his Nairs towards Panniyankara and besieged
5700-406: Was the greatest blow to Valluvanadu after the loss of Tirunavaya and Ponnani . Calicut faced defeat in their next assault on Perumpadappu swaroopam. The combined forces of Perumpadappu and Valluvanadu resisted Calicut warriors and a vicious battle ensued for three days, at the end of which Calicut forces was on the retreat. After a period of uneasy calm in Kerala, Calicut occupied Nedunganadu,
5776-592: Was the title of the erstwhile ruler and monarch of the Calicut kingdom in the South Malabar region of India. Originating from the former feudal kingdom of Nediyiruppu Swaroopam, the Samoothiris and their vassal kings from Nilambur Kovilakam established Calicut as one of the most important trading ports on the southwest coast of India. At the peak of their reign, they ruled over a region extending from Kozhikode Kollam to
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