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17-509: The Nazranian society in the second half of the 18th century from mountain Ingush that settled in the lowlands between Assa and Fortanga rivers. Nazranians were considered by the Russian administration to be conquered and under their rule, this however, didn't stop Nazranians from sometimes participating on the side of Caucasian Imamate and rebelling. There's various reports of Nazranians being on

34-558: A drainage basin which is 2,060 square kilometres (800 sq mi). The basin includes the major part of Ingushetia , areas in the west of Chechnya , as well as minor areas in the north of Georgia. Within the river basin, more than 70% of the territory is subjected to avalanches . The river's source is on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus in Khevsureti from where it flows north and crosses into Russia. The Assa accepts

51-626: A part of the Sunzhensky Cossack line, on the site of the destroyed Chechen village of Lower Samashki. In 1920, the entire Cossack population of the village was evicted by order of Sergo Ordzhonikidze . The village was then given back to the Chechens, who repopulated it. In 1944, after the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people and the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR ,

68-716: A railway tunnel was envisaged from Georgia to Russia in the 1980s, including passage through the Assa River valley, construction was suspended a decade later. The upper reaches of the Assa and the Armhi have been combined into a natural reservation called the Dzheyrakh-Assa Museum-Reserve , which has canyon valleys. Its historical importance is due to the medieval Christian Temple of 12th century and several other structures of Bronze Age (9th through 6th centuries BC), 300 towers of

85-579: A report for the British parliament claimed civilians were killed in revenge for the heavy casualties suffered there by Russian forces during the first war. Federal forces reported a large-scale operation in Samashki in May 2000. According to the results of the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Samashki (11,263 or 99.9%) were ethnic Chechens, with 12 people (0.1%) coming from other ethnic backgrounds. Members of

102-778: Is a right tributary of the Sunzha in Georgia and Russia . It is located in Dusheti Municipality of Mtskheta-Mtianeti , Georgia; and in Dzheyrakhsky and Sunzhensky Districts of Ingushetia and in Sernovodsky and Achkhoy-Martanovsky Districts of Chechnya , Russia. The river is connected by some authors with the Alans in its ethnonym Yasy , as known in the Russian sources. It measures 133 kilometres (83 mi) long, and incorporates

119-622: Is situated on the river's left bank, while the rural locality of Samashki is located on the river's outskirts. The village of Alkun is split in two by the river Assa into Lower and Upper Alkun. The climate in the river valley is characterized as having a frequent drying effect which supports special microzones. In the Middle Ages , a mine was located on the right bank , measuring 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) in length and 200 to 250 metres (660 to 820 ft) in width. Finds included an iron bar and working of native gold . Though construction of

136-578: Is the administrative center and only settlement of the Samashkinskoye rural settlement . Its population was estimated at 12,769 in 2021. Samashki is located on the left bank of the Sunzha River . It is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north of the town of Achkhoy-Martan and 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the city of Grozny . From the north, the hills of the Sunzhensky ridge reach the village, and from

153-623: The Guloykhi from the right and flows through the Erzi Nature Reserve . North of the stanitsa of Nesterovskaya , the Assa turns east, crosses into Chechnya, flows through the stanitsa of Assinovskaya , and accepts the Fortanga from the right. The mouth of the Assa is at the locality of Zakan-Yurt . The principal tributary of the Assa is the Fortanga (right). The Assa and Terek also flow through

170-588: The Internal Troops of Russia which resulted in the deaths of 100 to 300 civilians. In March 1996 another attack on the town took the form of a full-scale assault with apparent disregard for civilian lives; according to Human Rights Watch , Russian forces used civilians as a human shields on APCs . Reports suggested some 500 civilians were killed as a result of the April 1995 and March 1996 attacks. The next month, Russian journalist Nadezhda Chaikova , who had filmed

187-600: The Republic of Ingushetia in a south to north direction. The Assa, Terek and Gulaykhi river valleys are known for their large complex of stone battle towers and dwellings, burial crypts, pagan sanctuaries, and Christian churches". The Ingushes culture of the North Caucasus , one of the ancient cultures, is well preserved here by the Dzheyrakh-Assa Historical and Architectural State Museum . The village of Alkhaste

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204-598: The 16th and 17th centuries which are habitable and where battles were fought, and 18 human habitats including 200 vaults dated to the same era. For these historical reasons, the Jeyrakh-Assa Reservation has been proposed to be inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Samashki Samashki ( Russian : Самашки ; Chechen : СемаӀашка, Semajaşka ) is a rural locality (a selo ) in Achkhoy-Martanovsky District , Chechnya . Samashki

221-720: The effects of the 1996 attack, was killed execution-style in Chechnya. A devastating artillery and rocket attack on Samashki took place in October 1999 at the beginning of the Second Chechen War , despite the demilitarization of the village, killing or injuring dozens of residents on October 27, 1999 alone, according to HRW. At the time, the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District announced that there were only "bandits and terrorists" in Samashki, but

238-636: The side of Imamate, for example Nazranians participated in the general uprising of Chechnya in March 1840 and the uprising of Sunzha and Nadterechny Chechens , Galgaï and Karabulaks in July 1840. In 1858 Nazranians made a large rebellion, known as the Nazran uprising . During the rebellion, the Nazranians sent letter to Imam Shamil in which they asked him for help, but Shamil was failed twice to break through Russian forces and

255-564: The south, the Samashki Forestry and the Sunzha River. The nearest settlements to Samashki are Raduzhnoye to the north-east, Zakan-Yurt to the east, Novy Sharoy to the south, Davydenko to the south-west, and Sernovodskoye to the west. The name of the village comes from the Chechen : Саь-Маӏашка , which translates roughly as "the place of deers". Samashki was founded in 1851, as

272-642: The village of Samashki was renamed and settled by people from other ethnic groups. From 1944 to 1957, it was a part of the Novoselsky District of Grozny Oblast . In 1958, after the Vainakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old name, Samashki. During both Chechen Wars the village suffered greatly from the hostilities, most notably in the notorious April 1995 incident known as Samashki massacre committed by

289-880: Was forced to retreat with big loses. Later the rebellion was suppressed and the leaders were either executed or exiled. Chronology of major events : After the end of Caucasian War, the Nazranians were part of Ingushskiy Okrug. In 1865 some Nazranians were deported to Turkey. Later on, the Nazranians were part of Vladikavkazsky Okrug , Sunzhensky Otdel and the Nazranovskiy Okrug . "В настоящем положении дел на левом фланге Линии Малая Чечня в особенности обращает на себя внимание, ибо там, кроме коренных ее жителей, гнездятся теперь все беглые карабулаки, назрановцы , галгаевцы, сунженские и надтеречные чеченцы и по призыву предводителя их Ахверды-Магома, сподвижника Шамиля , собрать могут значительные силы, хорошо вооружённые, вблизи Военно-Грузинской дороги ." Assa (river) The Assa

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