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17-610: The line opened in 1919 as the Nayoro Line ( 名寄線 ) , and was designated as a main line in 1923. It was designated as one of the specified local lines under the JNR Reconstruction Act, and the entire line was closed on May 1, 1989. The Nishi-Okoppe and Yubetsu stations are now the site of a hotel and fire station respectively. In 1962, three services would start using the line - the Monbetsu , which ran between Sapporo and Engaru;

34-419: A Cabinet Order. However, even if Units of transportation measurement were below 4000 per day, these 51 sections which met the following requirements were exempt from being decommissioned. JNR selected 83 lines in three phases. Operators in parentheses succeeded the railway operation of the lines. Lines not followed by parentheses were substituted by buses. This Japanese rail transport related article

51-486: A community with a widely dispersed population must operate circuitous routes that tend to carry fewer passengers per distance (km or mile). A higher number is more favorable. Freight is measured in mass-distance . A simple unit of freight is the kilogram-kilometre (kgkm), the service of moving one kilogram of payload a distance of one kilometre. The metric units (pkm and tkm) are used internationally. (In aviation where United States customary units are widely used,

68-460: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Units of transportation measurement The units of measurement in transportation describes the unit of measurement used to express various transportation quantities , as used in statistics, planning, and their related applications. The currently popular units are: Passenger-distance is the distance (km or miles) travelled by passengers on transit vehicles ; determined by multiplying

85-479: Is commonly measured in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs), rather than cargo weight, e.g. a TEU-km would be the equivalent of one twenty-foot container transported one kilometer. Transportation density can be defined as the payload per period, say passenger / day or tonne / day. This can be used as the measure of intensity of the transportation on a particular section or point of transportation infrastructure, say road or railway. This can be used in comparison with

102-639: The Asahikawa , which was a round trip service that made stops at Engaru and Nayoro before returning to Asahikawa; and the Tento , which ran between Okoppe and Abashiri. Shinmei Line (closed September 4, 1995) Yūmō Line  [ ja ] (closed March 20, 1987) Yūmō Line In 1915, the Yubetsu Light Rail Line was extended from Nokkeushi (which was renamed to Kitami in 1942) to Shanabuchi (later Kaisei  [ ja ] ). The light railroad lines of

119-632: The International Air Transport Association (IATA) releases its statistics in the metric units.) In the US, sometimes United States customary units are used. The dimension of the measure is the product of the payload mass and the distance transported. A semi truck traveling from Los Angeles to Chicago (approximate distance 2,015 miles) carrying 14 short tons of cargo delivers a service of 14 * 2,015 = 28,210 ton-miles of freight (equal to about 41,187 tkm). Intermodal container traffic

136-809: The Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Office of Traffic Safety Volume of traffic, or vehicle miles traveled (VMT), is a predictor of crash incidence. All other things being equal, as VMT increases, so will traffic crashes. The relationship may not be simple, however; after a point, increasing congestion leads to reduced speeds, hanging the proportion of crashes that occur at different severity levels. Energy efficiency in transport can be measured in L/100 ;km or miles per gallon (mpg). This can be normalized per vehicle, as in fuel economy in automobiles , or per seat, as for example in fuel economy in aircraft . MacNeal 1994 discusses

153-515: The United States, the unit is used as an aggregate in yearly federal publications, while its usage is more sporadic in other countries. For instance, it appears to compare different kind of roads in some publications as it had been computed on a five-year period between 1995 and 2000. In the United States, it is computed per 100 million miles traveled, while internationally it is computed in 100 million or 1 billion kilometers traveled. According to

170-407: The construction, running costs of the infrastructure. Fatalities by VMT ( vehicle miles traveled ) is a unit for assessing road traffic fatalities. This metric is computed by dividing the fatalities by the estimated VMT. Usually, transport risk is computed by reference to the distance traveled by people, while for road traffic risk, only vehicle traveled distance is usually taken into account. In

187-752: The continuation of the line by subsidizing the use of the line by their residents. It was proposed that the sections of the line between Nayoro and Shimokawa and between Monbetsu and Engaru be transferred to third-sector operation, as these sections were used most frequently by passengers. However, the idea of continuing the line as a railroad was eventually abandoned, and the entire line was closed to passengers on April 30, 1989. 9600 challenges Tenpoku Pass — 1972 short film by Japanese National Railways [REDACTED] Media related to Nayoro Main Line at Wikimedia Commons Specified local lines The specified local lines ( 特定地方交通線 , Tokutei chihōkōtsū sen ) were

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204-819: The entire line was opened to traffic as the Nayoro Line between 1919 and 1921. In 1922, with the repeal of the Light Railways Act, the Yubetsu Light Rail Line was renamed to the Yubetsu Line, and in 1923, the Nayoro Line was designated as a main line, and was renamed to the Nayoro Main Line. In 1932, after the Kitami Pass was overcome and the Sekihoku Line (later the Sekihoku Main Line ) became fully operational,

221-526: The national railroads were built with the same gauge of 1067mm as the other lines, but only the Yubetsu Light Rail Line had a gauge of 762mm. In the following year, the gauge was changed to 1067mm. The section of the line from Nayoro to Naka-Yubetsu, on the other hand, was constructed from both sides as the Nayoro West Line and the Nayoro East Line to avoid the difficult Sekihoku and Kitami Passes, and

238-414: The number of unlinked passenger trips by the average length of their trips. Passengers per hour per direction (pphpd) measures the maximum route capacity of a transport system. A system may carry a high number of passengers per distance (km or mile) but a relatively low number of passengers per bus hour if vehicles operate in congested areas and thus travel at slower speed. A transit system serving

255-648: The railway lines specified by Japanese National Railways (JNR) under the 1980 JNR Reconstruction Act ( 国鉄改革法 , Kokutetsu kaikaku hō ) to be closed. All of 83 lines were closed and substituted by buses or transferred to other railway operators between 1983 and 1990. Article 8 of the JNR Reconstruction Act (officially the Act on Special Measures concerning Reconstruction Promotion of Management of Japanese National Railways, Act No. 111 of 1980) directed JNR to specify unprofitable lines ("specified local lines") that should be replaced by bus operations based on certain criteria set by

272-483: The section of the Yubetsu Line between Naka-Yubetsu and Nokkeushi would be transferred to other lines - the section between Engaru and Naka-Yubetsu became part of the Nayoro Main Line, whilst the section between Engaru and Nokkeushi became part of the Sekihoku Line. When the National Railways Restructuring Act was passed in 1980, the line was designated as a specified local line , but its abolition

289-525: Was delayed along with that of the Tempoku , Chihoku , and Shibetsu  [ ja ] lines due to insufficient alternative transportation at that time, especially in winter. However, in 1985, the approval was given for their abolition as the problem had been fixed. After the privatization of Japan National Railways in April 1987, the towns of Engaru, Monbetsu, and Shimokawa along the line continued to campaign for

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