39-563: Nawab "Ghazanfar-Jang" Bangash Khan (1665–1743) was the first Nawab of Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh , India. He was a "Bawan Hazari Sardar" (Commander of 52,000 men strong force) in the Mughal Army . He served as governor of Malwa and Allahabad provinces of the Mughal Empire . He was also viceroy of Assam from 1735 to 1743. Although regarded as rude and illiterate, not understanding
78-575: A subah (province) or regions of the Mughal Empire. Nawab was a Hindustani term, used in Urdu , Hindi , Bengali , Pashto and many other North-Indian languages, borrowed via Persian from the Arabic honorific plural of naib , or "deputy." In some areas, especially Bengal , the term is pronounced nobab . This later variation has also entered English and other foreign languages as nabob . The Subahdar
117-512: A Mughal force led by the distinguished commander Muhammad Khan Bangash attacked him, and besieged his fort with his family. Chhatrasal had repeatedly sought Peshwa Baji Rao 's assistance, but the latter was busy in Malwa at that time. In March 1729, the Peshwa Baji Rao I finally responded to Chhatrasal 's request and marched towards Bundelkhand. Chhatrasal also escaped his captivity and joined
156-675: A Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the German Emperor . In earlier times the title was ratified and bestowed by the reigning Mughal emperor to semi-autonomous Muslim rulers of subdivisions or princely states in the Indian subcontinent loyal to the Mughal Empire , for example the Nawabs of Bengal . "Nawab" usually refers to males and literally means Viceroy ;
195-510: A deputy mayor is known as a Naib nazim ( نائب ناظِم ). The word naib in Urdu literally means "assistant" or "deputy" hence Naib nazim was similar in function to a deputy mayor. He was also custodian of the house. Pakistan originally had a system inherited from the time of British rule, in which a mayor was the head of a district . Under the Local Government Act , however, the role of
234-481: A homogenous group, so that Muhammad Khan had founded his own Indian Muslim tribe or caste. To increase his independence from his nobles further, he continued to encourage immigration from the northwest. The state of Farrukhabad was named after Muhammad Khan's patron the Emperor Farrukhsiyar . In 1713, he was appointed a courtier by Emperor Farrukhsiyar and founded the town of Farrukhabad in 1714. He founded
273-657: A nawab's wife is begum . Most of the nawab dynasties were male primogenitures , although several ruling Begums of Bhopal were a notable exception. Before the incorporation of the Subcontinent into the British Empire , nawabs ruled the kingdoms of Awadh (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzerainty and assume the imperial style of Badshah), Bengal, Arcot and Bhopal. All of these states were at some point under
312-414: A new name and submitted to a regime of religious, literary and military training which was focused on the transformation of the recruit's identity. Hence the natural sons of Muhammad Khan were to be considered the brothers of the adopted sons, who were referred to as 'atfal-i-sarkar' or children of the state. Before Muhammad Khan's death, the separation between the various tribes and castes broke down, forming
351-750: A single word of Persian or Pashto , he was well regarded for his loyalty, and it is believed that had fortune sided with him he would have been able to establish a kingdom rivalling those in the Deccan or Awadh . The first immigrants to Mau were the descendants of the Khwaja Bayazid Ansari, the ethnic Ormur leader and founder of the Roshaniyya movement who had settled in Mau and Shamsabad. Muhammad Khan's father, Ain Khan Bangash, who belonged Karlani Khaghzai clan of
390-516: Is probably the best known example in fiction. From this specific usage it came to be sometimes used for ostentatiously rich businesspeople in general. "Nabob" can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose sense of their own importance, as in the famous alliterative dismissal of the news media as " nattering nabobs of negativism " in a speech that was delivered by Nixon 's vice president Spiro Agnew and written by William Safire . Subahdar Subahdar , also known as Nazim ,
429-659: Is still technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to Hindus and Sikhs , as well, and large zamindars and not necessarily to all Muslim rulers. With the decline of that empire, the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces. Under later British rule, nawabs continued to rule various princely states of Amb , Bahawalpur , Balasinor , Baoni , Banganapalle , Bhopal , Cambay , Jaora , Junagadh , Kurnool (the main city of Deccan), Kurwai , Mamdot, Multan , Palanpur , Pataudi , Radhanpur , Rampur , Malerkotla , Sachin , and Tonk . Other former rulers bearing
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#1733085547503468-552: The Bengali pronunciation of "nawab": Bengali : নবাব nôbab . During the 18th century in particular, it was widely used as a disparaging term for British merchants or administrators who, having made a fortune in India, returned to Britain and aspired to be recognised as having the higher social status that their new wealth would enable them to maintain. Jos Sedley in Thackeray's Vanity Fair
507-578: The Malaysian variant ) to translate the component of "deputy" or "vice" in certain titles (e.g "Vice President" - Naib Presiden ) aside from timbalan and wakil (latter predominant in the Indonesian variant ). In colloquial usage in English (since 1612), adopted in other Western languages, the transliteration "nabob" refers to commoners: a merchant-leader of high social status and wealth. "Nabob" derives from
546-769: The Ottoman Empire , successive early modern Persianate kingdoms ( Safavids , etc.), and in the eastern Caucasus (e.g. during Caucasian Imamate ). In the Sultanate of Morocco , the Naib was the Sultan's emissary to the foreign legations in Tangier between 1848 and 1923, when the creation of the Tangier International Zone led to its replacement by the office of the Mendoub . Today,
585-649: The Pashtun Bangash tribe had migrated from his native lands in the time of Aurangzeb and settled in Mau Rashidabad, gained service under the descendants of the Ansaris, married in Mau and had left two sons. His son, Muhammad Khan, gained a reputation as one of the most powerful of the Indo-Afghan mercenaries who inhabited that part of Hindustan, and eventually came to establish the territories that were consolidated into
624-485: The Maratha forces. After they marched to Jaitpur , as a result Bangash was defeated in the battle and retreat from Bundelkhand. Chhatrasal's position as the ruler of Bundelkhand was restored. Muhammad Khan Bangash was illiterate and could not understand a single word of Persian due to which he had to be accompanied by one of his sons. He was also unable to understand either Turki or Pashto . Contemporaries were amazed by
663-599: The Mughal princes or the officers holding the highest mansabs (ranks). A nazim ( pronounced [ˈnaːzɪm] , Urdu : ناظِم ; from the Arabic word for "organizer" or "convenor"), similar to a mayor , was the coordinator of cities and towns in Pakistan . Nazim is the title in Urdu of the chief elected official of a local government in Pakistan , such as a district , tehsil , union council , or village council. Likewise,
702-502: The Nawabs of Dhanbari, Nawabs of Ratanpur, Nawabs of Baroda and such others. Nawab was also the rank title—again not an office—of a much lower class of Muslim nobles—in fact retainers—at the court of the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar State, ranking only above Khan Bahadur and Khan, but under (in ascending order) Jang , Daula , Mulk , Umara and Jah ; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers
741-502: The North, to Kora in the South, including all of Farrukhabad and parts of Cawnpore, Shahjahanpur, Budaun and Aligarh. His brother Himmat Khan Bangash was the father of Nawab Murtaza Khan of Jahangirabad, and the grandfather of the Urdu poet Nawab Mustafa Khan Shefta. In Bundelkhand , Chhatrasal had rebelled against the Mughal Empire and established an independent kingdom. In December 1728,
780-541: The act of dismounting, tying the tunics together and fighting on foot to the death, a peculiarity of Indian Muslims horsemen of which they were very proud, which William Irvine says specially affected Indians such as the Barha Sayyids . This was something boasted by the Hindustani Muslims to be proof of exceptional courage. He had his soldiers dismount and tie the skirts of their heavy plaited coats (Jamaah) to fight to
819-571: The authority of the Nawab of Rohilkhand, later made the Nawab of Rampur. Most of these states were annexed at the close of the First Rohilla War . The title nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage , to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including nawab. Among
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#1733085547503858-405: The commissionerate system. All the provinces introduced their own new local government systems. A Nazim was also empowered to decide criminal cases. The Nazim was the lowliest of elected officials in Pakistan. The district nazim, is elected by the nazims of Union Councils, Union Councillors, and Tehsil Nazims, who themselves are elected directly by the votes of the local public. The name which
897-442: The death when in crisis. Muhammad Khan Bangash was succeeded by his eldest son Qaim Khan in 1743. Qaim Khan was later succeeded by Ahmad Khan Bangash , his younger brother and Muhammad Khan Bangash's second son. These were the following Nawabs of Farrukhabad : Nawab Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the western title of Prince . The relationship of
936-454: The discrepancy between his great wealth & power and his simple personal habits. However, this roughness and general lack of adab could be rather embarrassing, especially during audiences at the imperial Mughal court . His descendants were more fully accommodated to the royal nawabi lifestyle and the etiquette of an Indo-Persian court. Muhammad Khan practised the Indian custom of Utara ,
975-568: The emperor. This obsession annoyed other nawabs and subahdars . Among them was Bangash himself, who was angry at the latter for backing Chhatrasal and instigating him. He served in the campaign led by the Sayyid Brothers against the Jat leader Churaman (October 1722 - September 1723) and Ajit Singh of Marwar . In 1730, emperor Muhammad Shah appointed him as the Subahdar of Malwa . However, he
1014-480: The female equivalent is " Begum " or " Nawab Begum ". The primary duty of a Nawab was to uphold the sovereignty of the Mughal emperor along with the administration of a certain province. The title of "nawabi" was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similar to a British peerage , to persons and families who ruled a princely state for various services to the Government of India . In some cases,
1053-419: The nazim became distinct from that of a mayor , with more power. The nazim system was introduced after the commissionerate system, imposed during British rule, was lifted by the government of Pakistan. This Local Government act was imposed in the country in 2001. One exception, however, is Islamabad , the federal capital, where the commissionerate system remained in effect. In 2009, the new government restored
1092-408: The noted British creations of this type were Nawab Hashim Ali Khan (1858–1940), Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani (1813–1896), Nawab Abdul Latif (1828–1893), Nawab Faizunnesa Choudhurani (1834–1904), Nawab Ali Chowdhury (1863–1929), Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda (1862–1922), Nawab Sirajul Islam (1848–1923), Nawab Alam yar jung Bahadur , M.A, Madras, B.A., B.C.L., Barr-At-Law (1890–1974). There also were
1131-409: The other sons of the ruling nawab used the style sahibzada before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind. "Nawabzadi" implies daughters of the reigning nawbab. Elsewhere, there were rulers who were not styled nawbab yet awarded a title nawabzada to others. The word naib ( Arabic : نائب ) has been historically used to refer to any suzerain leader, feudatory , or regent in some parts of
1170-505: The state of Farrukhabad. He was rewarded the jagir of Farrukhabad area and part of Bundelkhand . In India they were referred to as qaum-i-bangash which became a wider and more diffused label. Being few in number, the bulk of Muhammad Khan's soldiers were elite slaves known as 'disciples', who played a significant role as a kind of artificial family in-group attached to their patron. These were primarily former Hindu Rajputs and sometimes Brahmins who were adopted, converted to Islam, given
1209-487: The term nizam is preferred for a senior official; it literally means "governor of region". The Nizam of Hyderabad had several nawabs under him: Nawabs of Cuddapah, Sira, Rajahmundry, Kurnool, Chicacole, et al. Nizam was his personal title, awarded by the Mughal Government and based on the term nazim as meaning "senior officer". Nazim is still used for a district collector in many parts of India. The term nawab
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1248-480: The title, such as the nawabs of Bengal and Awadh , had been deprived by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857. Some princes became nawab by promotion. For example, the ruler of Palanpur was "diwan" until 1910, then "nawab sahib". Other nawabs were promoted are restyled to another princely style, or to and back, such as in Rajgarh a single rawat (rajah) went by nawab. The style for
1287-456: The titles were also accompanied by jagir grants, either in cash revenues and allowances or land-holdings. During the British Raj , some of the chiefs, or sardars , of large or important tribes were also given the title, in addition to traditional titles already held by virtue of chieftainship. The term " Zamindari " was originally used for the subahdar (provincial governor) or viceroy of
1326-594: The town of Mohammadabad after his name and the town of Qaimganj after his son Qaim Khan's name. During Saadat Khan 's journey to Awadh , he stayed at Farrukhabad . Muhammad Khan Bangash gave him information about the strength, pride and resources of Shaikhzadas (a community which ruled Lucknow ). He advised Khan to befriend the sheikhs of Kakori , adversaries of the Shaikhzadas, before entering Lucknow . Bangash became Saadat Khan 's closest ally. However, Saadat Khan began to go out of his ways to curry favour with
1365-476: The word is used to refer to directly elected legislators in lower houses of parliament in many Arabic-speaking areas to contrast them against officers of upper houses (or Shura ). The term Majlis al-Nuwwab ( Arabic : مجلس النواب , literally council of deputies ) has been adopted as the name of several legislative lower houses and unicameral legislatures. "Naib" has also been used in the Malay language (especially of
1404-538: Was Raja Bahadur . This style, adding the Persian suffix -zada which means son (or other male descendants; see other cases in prince), etymologically fits a nawab’s sons, but in actual practice various dynasties established other customs. For example, in Bahawalpur only the nawbab's heir apparent used nawabzada before his personal name, then Khan Abassi , finally Wali Ahad Bahadur (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while
1443-639: Was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah (province) during the Khalji dynasty of Bengal , Mamluk dynasty , Khalji dynasty , Tughlaq dynasty , and the Mughal era who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin. The Subahdar was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan , Bakhshi , Faujdar , Kotwal , Qazi , Sadr , Waqa-i-Navis , Qanungo and Patwari . The Subahdars were normally appointed from among
1482-403: Was the head of the Mughal provincial administration. He was assisted by the provincial Diwan , Bakhshi , Faujdar , Kotwal , Qazi , Sadr , Waqa-i-Navis , Qanungo and Patwari . As the Mughal empire began to dissolve in the early 18th century, many subahs became effectively independent. The term nawaab is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in north or south India while
1521-470: Was unable to cope with the repeated Maratha incursions and was removed from the post in 1732. He was appointed Subahdar of Allahabad for the admirable job he did against Chhatrasal the first time. On account of his failure in Bundelkhand against Chhatrasal the second time, he was removed from the governorship of Allahabad as well. At his death his dominions included the entire Doab from Koil in
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