MS National Geographic Endeavour was a small expedition ship operated by Lindblad Expeditions for cruising in remote areas, particularly the polar regions.
94-539: The ship was originally a fishing trawler built in 1966 as Marburg , and converted to carry passengers in 1983. First named North Star , then Caledonian Star ; she received her present name in June 2001. On March 2, 2001, the ship was struck by a 30-metre-high rogue wave while crossing the Drake Passage . The wave smashed the windows of the bridge and ruined the navigation and communications equipment, but did not cripple
188-456: A skipper , driver, fireman (to look after the boiler) and nine deck hands. Steam fishing boats had many advantages. They were usually about 20 ft longer (6.1 m) than the sailing vessels so they could carry more nets and catch more fish. This was important, as the market was growing quickly at the beginning of the 20th century. They could travel faster and further and with greater freedom from weather , wind and tide . Because less time
282-416: A 25 horsepower (19 kW) horizontal engine. The hydraulic tower was built on the centre pier between the two locks, of plain brick, 28 feet (8.5 m) square at the base. Its water tank was located at 200 feet (61 m) and contained 33,000 imperial gallons (150,000 L; 40,000 US gal). The tower's architectural design was by J.W. Wild and was inspired by Italian buildings, in particular
376-556: A banquet was held in the large lock pit, and water was admitted on 22 March, and the dock opened on 27 May 1852. The dock's railway lines of 2 miles (3.2 km) which included lines for the Grimsby Docks railway station and Grimsby Pier railway station were completed by 1 August 1853. Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort visited Grimsby on 14 October 1854, arriving from Hull on the Royal Yacht Fairy , being received at
470-400: A depth of water of 18 feet (5.5 m) reducing to 14 feet (4.3 m) towards the town, and to 12 feet (3.7 m) on the west branch of the dock (1846); silting required the dock to be periodically cleared, which had been done in 1826, by hand, and later in the 1840s by machine dredger of approximately 30 to 40 horsepower (22 to 30 kW). Between 3 and 6 feet (0.91 and 1.83 m) of mud
564-415: A drifter to steam power. In 1877, he built the first screw-propelled steam trawler in the world. This vessel was Pioneer LH854 . She was of wooden construction with two masts and carried a gaff-rigged main and mizen using booms, and a single foresail. Allan argued that his motivation for steam power was to increase the safety of fishermen. However local fishermen saw power trawling as a threat. Allan built
658-499: A factory ship stern ramp, to produce the first combined freezer/stern trawler in 1947. The first purpose-built stern trawler was Fairtry built in 1953 at Aberdeen . The ship was much larger than any other trawlers then in operation and inaugurated the era of the ' super trawler' . As the ship pulled its nets over the stern, it could lift out a much greater haul of up to 60 tonnes. Lord Nelson followed in 1961, installed with vertical plate freezers that had been researched and built at
752-688: A fleet of 24 bottom trawlers in Alaskan water reported 25 fatalities over the period 2001–2012. The risk of a fatal injury was 41 times higher than the average for workers in the United States. Grimsby Docks The Port of Grimsby is located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire . Sea trade out of Grimsby dates to at least the medieval period. The Grimsby Haven Company began dock development in
846-460: A little poor town, not a quarter so great as heretofore. [...] Three things may be assign'd to its decay. First, the destruction of the haven, which was in former times a fine larg [ sic ] river [.] That which destroy'd it was the Humber's wearing away the huge cliff at Cleythorp, and bringing it and casting it all into Grimsby haven or river, and all along Grimsby coast to the north, so that
940-640: A swing bridge across the Old Dock's lock were let soon after. The bridge connected rail lines from the Great Coates branch to lines on the west side of the Royal Dock. In the 1920s a replacement bridge across the dock ( Corporation Bridge ) was constructed to the design of Alfred C. Gardner, docks engineer of the LNER , constructed by Sir William Arrol & Co. (Glasgow). The bridge consists of four spans, one of which
1034-558: A third fish ("No.3") dock substantially expanded the No.1 dock, and reclaimed additional land from the Humber. The Fish docks and nearby estate were devoted to the landing of fish, and maintenance, supply and repair of the Grimsby fishing fleet, which grew into one of the largest in Britain. The fishing industry collapsed in the 1970s due to outside factors. The Grimsby Haven Company was re-incorporated as
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#17328692624201128-503: A total of ten boats at Leith between 1877 and 1881. Twenty-one boats were completed at Granton , his last vessel being Degrave in 1886. Most of these were sold to foreign owners in France , Belgium , Spain and the West Indies . The first steam boats were made of wood, but steel hulls were soon introduced and were divided into watertight compartments. They were well designed for
1222-470: A wide variety of goods including coal, timber and general merchandise. The third dock system is the Fish docks , all of which exit(ed) from the same lock(s) onto the Humber close to and east of the Royal Dock lock. The first fish dock ("No.1") was built 1857, and expanded southward in 1878 with the addition of a second ("No.2"); both were built within the land reclaimed as part of the Royal Dock development. In 1934
1316-512: Is an electrically powered lifting section on the Scherzer rolling lift principle. The bridge was formally opened by the Prince of Wales ( Edward VIII ) on 19 July 1925. The bridge was listed in 1999. By the 1930s one of the two original coal drops was out of operation, with coal handling at the port being transferred to new equipment at the Royal Dock. By the 1950s both coal drops had been removed, with
1410-490: Is forward of the superstructure, with the towing warps passed through deck bollards and then out to the towing blocks on the booms. Beam trawling is used in the flatfish fisheries in the North Sea . They are equipped with equipment for hauling the net and stowing it aboard. Typically an multibeam echosounder is used for finding fish. They are medium-sized and high-powered vessels, towing gear at speeds up to 8 knots . To avoid
1504-425: Is forward or midships and the working deck aft. Pelagic trawlers can have fish pumps to empty the codend. Side trawlers have the trawl deployed over the side with the trawl warps passing through blocks suspended from a forward gallow and an aft gallow. Usually the superstructure is towards the stern, the fish hold amidships, and the transversal trawl winch forward of the superstructure. A derrick may be boom-rigged to
1598-432: Is higher. During both World Wars some countries created small warships by converting and arming existing trawlers or building new vessels to standard trawler designs. They were typically armed with a small naval gun and sometimes depth charges, and were used for patrolling, escorting other vessels and minesweeping. Occupational safety is a concern on fishing trawlers. For example, a United States cooperative which operates
1692-444: Is shown by a notice in at least one steam trawler's boiler room saying " Do not dry oil frocks over the boiler ". Trawlers can be classified by their architecture, the type of fish they catch, the fishing method used, or geographical origin. The classification used below follows the FAO , who classify trawlers by the gear they use. Outrigger trawlers use outriggers , or booms, to tow
1786-694: The Grimsby Dock Company , which amalgamated in 1846 with several railway companies into the MSLR, later known as the Great Central Railway (GCR). The GCR (and docks) became part of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) during the 1923 Grouping . In 1948 nationalisation formed the British Transport Commission from which British Transport Docks Board was split in 1962. Privatisation by
1880-574: The Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway , the Sheffield and Lincolnshire Junction Railway and the Sheffield and Lincolnshire Extension Railway companies into the Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway . Work on the dock began in 1846, to the designs of Rendel, with Adam Smith as resident engineer. Contractors for the dock works were Hutching, Brown and Wright. The initial main work
1974-569: The Grimsby Improvement Act 1869 ( 32 & 33 Vict. c. x) allowed the land west of the Old Dock to be developed, and a bridge, known as Corporation Bridge , built across the dock. The bridge was constructed by Head Wrightson and the Teesdale Ironworks to the design of Charles Sacre . The bridge was supported on concrete filled screw piles, with two spans of 24 feet (7.3 m) and four of 36 feet (11 m). Situated between
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#17328692624202068-552: The Torry Research Station . These ships served as a basis for the expansion of 'super trawlers' around the world in the following decades. Since World War II, commercial fishing vessels have been increasingly equipped with electronic aids, such as radio navigation aids and fish finders . During the Cold War , some countries fitted fishing trawlers with additional electronic gear so they could be used as spy ships to monitor
2162-541: The Transport Act 1981 formed Associated British Ports , the present owner of the port. As of 2015 the port is a major car importation location, as well as an offshore wind farm servicing hub, and handles other cargos including timber, minerals, metals and dry bulks. Grimsby's development as a landing place and town has an underlying basis in the area's geography – the combination of relatively (compared to surrounding land) high ground of over 16 feet (5 m), near to
2256-454: The Union Dock was opened in 1879, connecting the Old Dock system, to the Royal Dock system A large transit shed 900 by 178 feet (274 by 54 m) was added to the west side of the dock, opened March 1893. The shed was authorised 1890 at a cost of £23,500 and contracted to Pearson and Knowles (Warrington). A new hydraulic coal hoist and sidings were added to the south-west side of the dock in
2350-488: The Wayback Machine Beam trawlers are a type of outrigger trawler (above), with the superstructure aft and the working deck amidships. They use a very strong outrigger boom on each side, each towing a beam trawl , with the warps going through blocks at the end of the boom. This arrangement makes it easier to stow and handle the large beams. The outriggers are controlled from a midship A-frame or mast. The towing winch
2444-480: The Westermost Rough Wind Farm . As part of the agreement new pontoons and lock gates were to be installed. In 2014 the lock gates at the dock were replaced by contractor Ravestein ( Netherlands ). The conversion away from gates partially supported by buoyancy lifted the opening restrictions to times of high water, allowing 24hr operations. The floating pontoon berth was sited in the north-east corner of
2538-484: The trawl . These outriggers are usually fastened to, or at the foot of the mast and extend out over the sides of the vessel during fishing operations. Each side can deploy a twin trawl or a single otter trawl. Outrigger trawlers may have the superstructure forward or aft. Warp winches with capstans are installed on the deck to haul the catch. Outrigger trawlers use vertical fish finders of different kinds, according to their size. Drawing (FAO) Archived 2015-09-24 at
2632-502: The 14th and 15th century, trade with Scandinavia declined, in part due to Hansa competition, whilst trade with the Low Countries increased, during this period the port faced increased competition from the developing ports at Hull and Boston . As continental trade decreased, fishing and general coastal trade increased in importance for the port. Icelandic fishing and importation of timber from Norway took place but declined from
2726-407: The 15th to 17th centuries. By the end of the 18th century the place had greatly decreased in importance as a port, and many of what remained of the inhabitants got a living from the land. The population had diminished from around 1,500 persons in 1400 to an estimated 850 in 1524, and 399 in the early 1700s. de la Pryme visited in 1697 and noted the towns decline. Grimsby is at present but
2820-503: The 1870s and used the trawl system of fishing as well as lines and drift nets. These were large boats, usually 80–90 feet (24–27 m) in length with a beam of around 20 feet (6.1 m). They weighed 40–50 tons and travelled at 9–11 knots (17–20 km/h; 10–13 mph). The earliest purpose-built fishing vessels were designed and made by David Allan in Leith in March 1875, when he converted
2914-455: The Dane (written c. 13th century ). In the second year of the reign of King John (12th century) he visited the town and conferred on its inhabitants the right that "they should be exempt from toll and lastage, stallage, moorage, haustage, and passage, in every town and seaport throughout England, except the city of London .." , the town was also granted the right of a ferry in
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3008-564: The Haven and Town and Port of Great Grimsby" ( 36 Geo. 3 . c. 98) was enacted, creating the Grimsby Haven company . The act noted that the River ('Haven') at Grimsby was warped (silted) up, preventing most ships docking transferring cargo subject to the state of the tides, and so, suggested widening, deepening, and straightening the haven, installing a lock to impound water within the lock, and redirecting
3102-463: The Humber, and close to a water outfall ( The Haven ). Grimsby has been documented as a landing place dating to at least the Viking Age . According to 19th century writers Grimsby was referenced in medieval histories as the landing place of marauding Danish armies. The haven is also reputed to be the landing place of the semi-legendary figures Grim and Havelok in the town's founding myth, Havelok
3196-596: The Mayor and bailiffs were commanded to equip Grimsby ship, place them under the command of James Kingston, and then patrol the coast of eastern England, capturing and impounding any French or allied vessels. The Haven and was prone to silting, and in 1280 proposals were made to divert the River Freshney to scour the harbour. By 1341 a new haven, the West Haven had been constructed, excavated from former pasture land. During
3290-544: The Old Dock. Logan and Hemingway obtained the contract to construct the line with a bid of £3,984, and construction began in November 1878. The line ( Great Coates branch ) opened 27 March 1879. In 1880 the dock was modernised and extended substantially to the west, forming the Alexandra Dock. A short canal dock, the Union Dock was opened in 1879, connecting the Old Dock system, to the Royal Dock system. The dock's lock
3384-532: The Old Dock. the works included an expansion of the 1789 Old Dock, plus a large western arm 26 acres (11 ha) extending from near the entrance. In honor of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales ( Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark ) to the town in July 1879 the new dock was named Alexandra Dock . The expanded dock was filled with water in November 1879, and reported complete in July 1880. Contracts for handling equipment, and jetties and coal drops, as well as
3478-519: The Pier station. A request for the new dock to be named Royal Dock in honour of the visit was given, and accepted. Installations added after the opening of the dock included a graving dock, and facilities for handling rail borne coal shipments. The two coal drops and rail lines were built over the far end of the dock on timber piers. the first was completed by 1856 at a cost of £3,435, the second, at £3,500, soon after. The 350 feet (110 m) graving dock
3572-505: The Royal Dock system by a short canal, named the Union Dock . From the 1880s the dock's focus was coal, later timber. From the 1970s onwards the dock has been used for large-scale car importation. The Royal Dock was developed from the 1840s onwards, contemporary with the arrival of the railway – it was built on a large area of land reclaimed from the Humber Estuary north-east of the original town and harbour. The dock's trade has included
3666-754: The activities of other countries. Modern trawlers are usually decked vessels designed for robustness. Their superstructure ( wheelhouse and accommodation) can be forward, midship or aft. Motorised winches , electronic navigation and sonar systems are usually installed. Fishing equipment varies in sophistication depending on the size of the vessel and the technology used. Design features for modern fishing trawlers vary substantially, as many national maritime jurisdictions do not impose compulsory vessel inspection standards for smaller commercial fishing vessels. Mechanised hauling devices are used on modern trawlers. Trawl winches, such as Gilson winches, net drums and other auxiliary winches are installed on deck to control
3760-545: The bases 6 and 6.75 feet (1.83 and 2.06 m) below low water respectively. The lock's foundations were excavated to 8 feet (2.4 m) below the bottom of the locks, supported on wooden piles 1 by 35 feet (0.30 by 10.67 m) square by long, and a bed of concrete. The lock pit invert and supports for the lock gates were of stone. Each lock had a pair of outer (pen) gates and a single inner (flood) gates, all built of timber, reinforced by wrought iron. The dock's quaysides were built on chalk rubble filled brick arches parallel to
3854-506: The boat capsizing if the trawl snags on the sea floor, winch brakes can be installed, along with safety release systems in the boom stays. The engine power of bottom trawlers is restricted to 2000 HP (1472 kW) for further safety. Otter trawlers deploy one or more parallel trawls kept apart horizontally using otter boards . These trawls can be towed in midwater or along the bottom. Otter trawlers range in size from sailing canoes to supertrawlers. Otter trawlers usually have two gallows at
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3948-626: The bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously (double-rig and multi-rig). There are many variants of trawling gear. They vary according to local traditions, bottom conditions, and how large and powerful the trawling boats are. A trawling boat can be a small open boat with only 30 horsepower (22 kW) or a large factory ship with 10,000 horsepower (7457 kW). Trawl variants include beam trawls, large-opening midwater trawls, and large bottom trawls, such as "rock hoppers" that are rigged with heavy rubber wheels that let
4042-500: The breakwaters if carried out. To make the plan economically sensible Rendel proposed that the inner expansion of the docks would be carried out piecemeal, with only 7 acres (2.8 ha) of docks built at the initial phase. At an inquest into the state of harbours undertaken by the Tidal Harbours Commission in 1846 the opinion was expressed that if Grimsby the new dock as well as better inland communications it would become
4136-443: The catch can undergo some preliminary processing by being passed through sorting and washing devices. At a further stage, the fish might be mechanically gutted and filleted . Factory trawlers may process fish oil and fish meal and may include canning plants. Crew quarters are usually below the wheelhouse and may include bunks , with cot sides to stop the occupant from rolling out in heavy weather. The need for drying sea clothes
4230-505: The cofferdams was Messrs. Lynn (Liverpool). The work was described in a paper read to the Institution of Civil Engineers , obtaining a favourable reception from its vice-president: Mr. Cubitt said [] he could offer nothing, except a general expression of admiration of the extent of the works, [] as a dam, it was the longest, strongest, the deepest, and the soundest work of the kind he had ever seen. 17 April 1849 Albert, Prince Consort laid
4324-514: The correct distance between the two vessels. Communication instruments range from basic radio devices to maritime distress systems and EPIRBs , as well as devices for communicating with the crew. Fish detection devices, such as echosounders and sonar , are used to locate fish. During trawling operations, a range of trawl sensors may be used to assist with controlling and monitoring gear. These are often referred to as "trawl monitoring systems" or "net mensuration systems". Modern trawlers store
4418-417: The crew with a large building that contained the wheelhouse and the deckhouse . The boats built in the 20th century only had a mizzen sail , which was used to help steady the boat when its nets were out. The main function of the mast was now as a crane for lifting the catch ashore. It also had a steam capstan on the foredeck near the mast for hauling nets . These boats had a crew of twelve made up of
4512-423: The dam with were made with piled stones and clay. By 1848 an area of 138 acres (56 ha) was enclosed from the sea. A 20 feet (6.1 m) wide gated opening on the east side allowed access for construction ships. The dam was approximately 1,600 feet (490 m) long, with a construction cost of £29 per foot. The total length of dam, wharves, and embankments approached 1.5 miles (2.4 km). Contractor for
4606-411: The deck equipment, including an appropriate combination winch, can be rearranged and used for both methods. Blocks, purse davits, trawl gallows and rollers need to be arranged so they control the pursing lines and warp leads and in such a way as to reduce the time required to convert from one arrangement to the other. These vessels are usually classified as trawlers, since the power requirement for trawling
4700-444: The dock of approximately 27 feet (8.2 m) width, with the arches on piers of 6 feet (1.8 m) width supported by piling, with wider piers under areas expected to support the heaviest loads – the walls facing the dock were faced with masonry. Moving equipment for the dock gates was supplied by W. Armstrong . The hydraulic power supply for the equipment was a 200 feet (61 m) high water tower ( Grimsby Dock tower ), charged by
4794-434: The dock, at the site of the (1966) roll-on/roll-of ramp. The operations and maintenance centre was to be sited adjacent to the berth on the north-east corner of the quayside. Parts of the dock's wall, the locks, the dock tower, and several nearby structures are all now listed structures. The Fish Docks consist of a number of docks sharing common lock entrances, east of the Royal Dock, built and expanded in stages from
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#17328692624204888-477: The embankments remaining; cargo handling at the dock had shifted to timber; by the end of the 1960s the timber trade had also declined. In 1975 Grimsby was selected as the UK importation point for Volkswagen and a car terminal was opened on Alexandra Dock in 1975. James Rendel was requested to draw up plans for new docks in 1843. His design placed docks on the extensive mudflats between high and low water north of
4982-484: The first stone of the dock, an 11-ton stone forming part of the structure of the lock gates. The enclosed area had been drained by two 35 horsepower (26 kW) pumps – on a number of occasions fresh water springs were encountered, which were managed by enclosing the spring in a cast-iron pipe, and by surrounding the area with chalkstone. Two main locks were constructed, adjacent to one another, of 300 by 70 feet (91 by 21 m) and 200 by 45 feet (61 by 14 m) with
5076-477: The fish in ice or sea water which has been refrigerated. A freezer stern trawler stores the fish in frozen boxes or blocks, and a factory stern trawler processes the catch. A pelagic stern trawler may use fish pumps to empty the codend. The majority of trawlers operating on the high seas are freezer trawlers. They have facilities for preserving fish by freezing, allowing them to remain at sea for extended periods of time. They are medium- to large-size trawlers, with
5170-446: The fish they catch in some form of chilled condition. At the least, the fish will be stored in boxes covered with ice or stored with ice in the fish hold. In general, the fish are kept fresh by chilling them with ice or refrigerated sea water, or freezing them in blocks. Also, many trawlers carry out some measure of onboard fish processing , and the larger the vessel, the more likely it is to include fish processing facilities. For example,
5264-466: The flow of the Freshney (and of springs known as Blow Wells ) to scour and fill the lock, allowing larger vessels reliable harbourage at the town. The act sought permission to create a company to fulfill these task, which would also be responsible for erection of wharfs, warehouses; maintenance; tolls and so on; and to gain authority for compulsory purchase of lands required for the works. The acts also set out
5358-473: The flow of water in the vicinity of the "Inner Roads" to increase the flow, and thence scouring, so as to increase the depth of the navigable channel. Rendel also suggested reclaiming and extending eastwards the shallows at the Burcom Bank shoal north-west of Grimsby to further funnel the tidal flows. Total cost of the works was estimated at £500,000, of which £300,000 for the dock works, and up to £200,000 for
5452-726: The foremast to help shoot the cod end from the side. Until the late 1960s, side trawlers were the most common deepsea boat used in North Atlantic fisheries. The 1950s side trawler, Ross Tiger is preserved in Grimsby while the larger, 1960s distant water vessel, the Arctic Corsair is preserved in Hull. These trawlers were used for a longer period than other kinds of trawlers, but are now being replaced by stern trawlers. Some side trawlers still in use have been equipped with net drums. Stern trawlers have trawls which are deployed and retrieved from
5546-550: The haven on his visit, and in the same period work was underway to divert and use the Freshney to scour the West Haven. Parts of the haven are now listed structures, as are maltings on the quayside, parts of which date to the late 1700s. Plans to re-engineer the haven and create a new dock were put forward from the late 1800s. Pickernell produced a plan for a dock in 1787. It was not until 1796 that an act named "An Act for Widening, Deepening, Enlarging, Altering, and Improving
5640-406: The last years of the 19th century at a cost of £11,000 – the installation became operational in 1899. A Roll-on/roll-off ramp was constructed in the north-east part of the dock c. 1966 . In the 1970s an access road and bridge was built across the smaller lock, restricting use of the lock. In 2013 DONG Energy selected the Royal Dock as an operation and maintenance centre for
5734-451: The late 12th century, and continued as important until the 16th century. In the 13th century the people of Grimsby came into dispute with the people of the then-thriving port town of Ravenserodd over the alleged 'hijacking', either by persuasion or force, of trade intended for Grimsby to the port of Ravenserodd. An inquisition into the rivalry was held in 1290 by order of Edward II . Later during Edward II's war with France,
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#17328692624205828-432: The late 1700s, and the port was further developed from the 1840s onwards by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MSLR) and its successors. The port has had three main dock systems: The earliest dock, or Old Dock was developed in the 1790s, downriver from the medieval Haven, on the outfall of the same water course; in around 1880 it was expanded westwards, and renamed Alexandra Dock , being connected to
5922-467: The net crawl over rocky bottom. The 17th century saw the development of an early type of sailing trawler called a Dogger , which commonly operated in the North Sea . It takes its name from an earlier type of the same name, and from the area fished. The word is the Dutch word for codfish ( dogge ), but has come to mean a fishing vessel which tows a trawl . Doggers were slow but sturdy, capable of fishing in
6016-603: The north Lincolnshire coast to Gainsborough, and connections with the main rail network. The two companies shared several board members and a chairman; the Grimsby Dock company voted to amalgamate with the GG&;SJ at its first general meeting. On 1 January 1847, the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway Act 1846 ( 9 & 10 Vict. c. cclxviii) amalgamated the Dock company, the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway ,
6110-525: The ocean possible for the first time, resulting in a substantial migration of fishermen from the ports in the South of England, to villages further north, such as Scarborough , Hull , Grimsby , Harwich and Yarmouth , that were points of access to the large fishing grounds in the Atlantic Ocean . The small village of Grimsby grew to become the 'largest fishing port in the world' by the mid 19th century. With
6204-622: The popular and natural fishing port for the east coast. The work was enabled by the Grimsby Docks Act 1845 ( 8 & 9 Vict. c. ccii). As part of the act the Grimsby Haven company was dissolved, and the business re-incorporated as the Grimsby Dock company . The company's plans were enabled by a close association with the Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway (GG&SJ), a company planning to create railway lines from Grimsby and
6298-496: The regulation of the said company, and gave the company certain rights to make bye-laws relating to the operation of the dock. The act permitted the raising of £20,000, and a further £10,000 in contingency. Construction took place from 1797 to 1800 under John Rennie . George Joyce was initially resident engineer, but was replaced by James Hollinsworth who was present 1800 to 1801. The dock construction required hollow dock walls on piled foundations which were designed in account of
6392-451: The river was not onely fill'd thereby, but also a huge bay on the north side of the town[..] The second [] was the destruction of the religious houses there [..] The third thing which occasiond it's decay was the rise of Hull, which having first of all the priviledges and advantages above other towns, and a fine haven to boot, robbed them all not onely of all their traffic, but also of their chief tradesmen. De la Pryme noted efforts to unblock
6486-504: The rough conditions of the North Sea. The modern fishing trawler was developed in the 19th century, at the English fishing port of Brixham . By the early 19th century, the fishermen at Brixham needed to expand their fishing area further than ever before due to the ongoing depletion of stocks that was occurring in the overfished waters of South Devon . The Brixham trawler that evolved there
6580-487: The same general arrangement as stern or side trawlers. Drawing (FAO) Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Wet fish trawlers are trawlers where the fish are kept in the hold in a fresh/wet condition, in boxes covered with ice or with ice in the fish hold. They must operate in areas close to their landing place, and the time such a vessel can spend fishing is limited. Trawler/purse seiners are designed so
6674-435: The same year. Henry III granted the town a ferry across the Humber, as well as a charter of merchandise. Records of trade with Scandinavian countries date to the 11th century, with furs, wool, and falcons being traded. Importation of pine and oil from Norway is recorded from the early 13th century; grain was exported. Fish and fishmongery in Grimsby are well documented as a part of trade and business from at least
6768-733: The ship. She was assisted by the Argentine Navy ocean fleet tug ARA Alferez Sobral and reached Ushuaia three days later. When National Geographic Endeavour was retired, the piano was donated to the Tomas de Berlanga school in Santa Cruz, Galapagos . The bridge ceiling, notched with polar bear sightings from her time in Svalbard , is with Sven Lindblad. The model, valuable art and other mementos were saved. Some items were transferred to National Geographic Endeavour II . National Geographic Endeavour
6862-449: The skipper's chair. Larger vessels have a bridge, with a command console at the centre and a further co-pilot chair. Modern consoles display all the key information on an integrated display. Less frequently used sensors and monitors may be mounted on the deckhead . Navigational instruments, such as an autopilot and GNSS , are used for manoeuvring the vessel in harbour and at sea. Radar can be used, for example, when pair trawling to keep
6956-428: The stern with towing blocks. The towing warps run through these, each regulated by its own winch. Medium and large trawlers usually have a stern ramp for hauling the trawl onto the deck. Some trawlers tow twin parallel trawls, using three warps, each warp with its own winch. Some otter trawlers are also outrigger trawlers (above), using outriggers to tow one or two otter trawls from each side. Usually otter trawlers have
7050-522: The stern. Larger stern trawlers often have a ramp, though pelagic and small stern trawlers are often designed without a ramp. Stern trawlers are designed to operate in most weather conditions. They can work alone when midwater or bottom trawling , or two can work together as pair trawlers. The superstructure is forward with an aft working deck. At the stern are gallows or a gantry for operating otter boards. Any fish processing usually occurs in deck houses or below deck. A wet fish stern trawler stores
7144-475: The superstructure forward, though it can be aft or amidship. Gallows are on the stern quarters or there is a stern gantry for operating the otter boards. Pelagic trawlers can use fish pumps to empty the cod end . Pair trawlers are trawlers which operate together towing a single trawl. They keep the trawl open horizontally by keeping their distance when towing. Otter boards are not used. Pair trawlers operate both midwater and bottom trawls. The superstructure
7238-562: The towing warps (trawling wires) and store them when not in use. Modern trawlers make extensive use of contemporary electronics, including navigation and communication equipment, fish detection devices, and equipment to control and monitor gear. Just which equipment will be installed depends on the size and type of the trawler. Much of this equipment can be controlled from the wheelhouse or bridge. Smaller trawlers have wheelhouses, where electronic equipment for navigation, communications, fish detection and trawl sensors are typically arranged about
7332-535: The town hall of Siena ( Torre del Mangia in the Palazzo Pubblico ). A 13 acres (5.3 ha) tidal basin outside the locks was formed by two timber piers, with an entrance 260 feet (79 m) wide. The cost of the dock works (to 1863) was estimated at £600,000; rising to £1,000,000 when accounting for the cost of purchase of the Old Docks, Fish Dock, and interest payments. The dock opened in 1852. On 18 March
7426-448: The town – as planned 132 acres (53 ha) were to be enclosed or reclaimed, of which 27 acres (11 ha) would be water within the docks, with 20 acres (8.1 ha) for wharfage, and 85 acres (34 ha) of land for other buildings. The main dock was to be connected to the Humber by a basin of 11 acres (4.5 ha) bounded by piers of open construction to the east and west each of approximately 600 feet (180 m). The dock's entrance
7520-496: The tremendous expansion in the fishing industry, the Grimsby Dock Company was opened in 1854 as the first modern fishing port. The facilities incorporated many innovations of the time – the dock gates and cranes were operated by hydraulic power , and the 300-foot (91 m) Grimsby Dock Tower was built to provide a head of water with sufficient pressure by William Armstrong . The elegant Brixham trawler spread across
7614-507: The two sets of spans was a horizontally turning swing bridge of 91.25 feet (27.81 m) of asymmetric hogback plate girder design with a clear space when open of 45 feet (14 m). The bridge opened in 1872. In 1873 the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway was enabled by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway Act 1873 ( 36 & 37 Vict. c. lxxvii) to build a short line connecting from their line ( Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway ) near Great Coates to
7708-428: The weak ground conditions at the dock site. The cost of the works was £60,000. As built the locked canal was 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long, with a single lock 126 by 36 feet (38 by 11 m) long by wide, with a depth at the walls of 27 feet (8.2 m). The dock works were carried out under the shield of a coffer dam outside the new lock, with extensive use of piling under the lock and wall constructions. Use of piles
7802-520: The world, influencing fishing fleets everywhere. By the end of the 19th century, there were over 3,000 fishing trawlers in commission in Britain, with almost 1,000 at Grimsby. These trawlers were sold to fishermen around Europe, including from the Netherlands and Scandinavia . Twelve trawlers went on to form the nucleus of the German fishing fleet. The earliest steam-powered fishing boats first appeared in
7896-485: Was attempted under the lock pit bottom but the ground was too fluid for this to be successful and an inverted arch was employed instead Further expansion was required, and a further act, the Grimsby Haven Navigation and Improvement Act 1799 ( 39 Geo. 3 . c. lxx) was obtained, which allowed the construction of an expansion of the dock of 3 acres (1.2 ha). The expansion was completed in 1804. The dock had
7990-402: Was built east of the dock's lock, with an entrance of 70 feet (21 m). The design was by Adam Smith, and was contracted to James Taylor (Manchester) for £32,000 in 1855, the work was completed by 1858. Initially a Cornish engine from Perran Foundry (Cornwall) was installed to fill the dock with water from wells, but its use ended when the well's water supply failed. A short canal dock,
8084-440: Was built in 1925 in Grimsby. Trawler designs adapted as the way they were powered changed from sail to coal-fired steam by World War I to diesel and turbines by the end of World War II . The first trawlers fished over the side, rather than over the stern . In 1947, the company Christian Salvesen , based in Leith , Scotland, refitted a surplus Algerine -class minesweeper (HMS Felicity ) with refrigeration equipment and
8178-403: Was closed in 1917 and later infilled. In 1873 the dock owners, the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway acquired 105 acres (42 ha) of land to the west of the Old Dock. A scheme for dock creation at South Killingholme near Immingham by Charles Liddell was considered as an alternative, but rejected. In December Logan and Hemingway became contractors for an expansion of
8272-436: Was construction of a large cofferdam surrounding the worksite. The dam was constructed of three rows of wooden piles of Baltic yellow pine (Memel fir. ), 6 and 7 feet (1.8 and 2.1 m) apart, between 18 and 15 inches (460 and 380 mm) square, piledriven until hard clay was reached. Piles were between 45 and 55 feet (14 and 17 m) with some longer – the outer row was inclined to the vertical at 1 in 24. The inner space
8366-414: Was filed with chalkstone and clay for the first 5 feet (1.5 m) then with puddled clay. The inside of the dam was buttressed by additional rows, spaced every 25 feet (7.6 m) of wall, of closely piled wooden piles extending back 18 feet (5.5 m); the intermediate space of wall was supported by horizontal diagonal struts from the inner walls to buttresses. The embankments to the east and west of
8460-407: Was of a sleek build and had a tall gaff rig , which gave the vessel sufficient speed to make long-distance trips out to the fishing grounds in the ocean. They were also sufficiently robust to be able to tow large trawls in deep water. The great trawling fleet that built up at Brixham earned the village the title of 'Mother of Deep-Sea Fisheries'. This revolutionary design made large scale trawling in
8554-461: Was removed from the dock in 1826. After opening there was an initial growth of the town, but from 1811 to 1841 the rate of expansion was no different from the rest of Lincolnshire; the port lacked any rail connection until the 1840s. By the 1850s the dock was involved in trade with the Baltic region, including timber, deal, tar, seeds, bones, and iron. Dock fees were less than those in Hull. In 1869
8648-429: Was scrapped on 6 May 2017. This article about a specific cruise ship is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fishing trawler A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls . Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along
8742-455: Was spent travelling to and from the fishing grounds, more time could be spent fishing. The steam boats also gained the highest prices for their fish, as they could return quickly to harbour with their fresh catch. Steam trawlers were introduced at Grimsby and Hull in the 1880s. In 1890 it was estimated that there were 20,000 men on the North Sea. The steam drifter was not used in the herring fishery until 1897. The last sailing fishing trawler
8836-425: Was to have two locks, one large and one small, Rendel also proposed a canal connecting the old and new docks, both for ships and to supply the new docks with fresh water. Part of the basis of the design was to expose the dock entrance to the flow of tides for the greatest amount of time to increase scouring of the entrance, additionally Rendel supposed that the encroachment of the dock onto the Humber might constrict
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