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73-563: The award categories included: Best New Musical: Ragtime Best Play: Dame Edna: The Royal Tour Author: Barry Humphries Best Visual Presentation: Beauty and the Beast Best Musical Score: Les Misérables Music by Claude-Michel Schönberg Lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer Best Song in a Musical: “'Til We Reach That Day” (1st Act Finale) from Ragtime Best Direction: Sam Mendes & Rob Marshall for Cabaret Best Costumes: Ann Hould-Ward for Beauty and

146-459: A given name (simple or composite) followed by two family names (surnames), the father's and the mother's. Any children whom a couple have together take both first-surnames, so if "José Gómez Hevia" and "María Reyes García" had a child named "Andrés", the resulting name would be "Andrés Gómez Reyes". Law 11/1981 in Spain , enacted in 1981, declared among other things that children, on turning 18, now had

219-1071: A stage name . The Civil Code also states that children as the result of the marriage will take the mother's surname and the father's surname. To illustrate this, the children of a married couple named Maria Josefa Lopez Mañego-Luansing and Juan Candido Luansing will take the middle name Mañego and the surname Luansing , so, one daughter with a given name of Juliana will be named Juliana Mañego Luansing . Married women in professional circles (e.g. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , Korina Sanchez-Roxas , Vilma Santos-Recto ) typically join their maiden and married surnames in both professional and legal use (e.g. Maria Isabella Flores Garcia-Dimaculangan / Ma. Isabella F. Garcia-Dimaculangan ). This allows them to be identified as married, and keep track of their professional achievements without being confused for any similarly named individuals (e.g. Maria Isabella Flores Garcia / Ma. Isabella F. Garcia, as against Maria Isabella Garcia Dimaculangan / Ma. Isabella G. Dimaculangan) An older scheme based on Spanish naming customs add

292-773: A Musical: “Bring Him Home” from Les Misérables Best Direction: Robert Falls for Aida Best Costumes: Ann Hould-Ward for Beauty and the Beast Best Actor in a Play: Len Cariou in Copenhagen Best Actor in a Musical: Patrick Cassidy in Aida Best Actress in a Play: Mariette Hartley in Copenhagen Best Actress in a Musical: Simone in Aida Best New Musical: The Producers Best Play: The Tale of

365-454: A T-shirt printed with "I am Mrs. James Garner.") Hartley guest-starred in an episode of Garner's television series The Rockford Files in 1979. The script required the two to kiss at one point and unbeknownst to them, a paparazzo was photographing the scene from a distance. The photos were run in a tabloid trying to provoke a scandal. An article that ran in TV Guide was titled: "That woman

438-420: A capital if it is a noun; if it is an affix like van or de the affix remains uncapitalized; this is an exception to the general rule for surnames that are capitalized when standing alone ). Both men and women may make this choice upon registering to get married or entering into a registered partnership. If the marriage or registered partnership ends, one may continue to use the ex-partner's last surname unless

511-458: A college degree. In Austria , since 1 April 2013, marriage does not automatically change a woman's name; therefore a name change can only take place upon legal application. Before that date, the default was for a married woman's name to be changed to that of her husband, unless she legally applied to opt out of this. In France , by executive decision since 2011 and by law since 2013, any married person may officially use their spouse's name as

584-446: A common name by substituting or compounding it to their own. Before this it was common for married women to use their husband's name in everyday life, but this had no legal recognition. A common name does not replace a person's family name as written on their birth certificate. From 4 March 2002 to 4 December 2009, children given both parents' names had to have them separated by a double dash (ex: Dupont--Clairemont). On 4 December 2009,

657-526: A common-law relationship. In the province of British Columbia, people have to undergo a legal name change if they want to use a combined surname after marriage. Their marriage certificate is considered proof of their new name. The custom in Québec was similar to the one in France until 1981. Women would traditionally go by their husband's surname in daily life, but their maiden name remained their legal name. Since

730-534: A double name, and the partner adopts that name. Double names then must be hyphenated. All family members must use that double name. Since 1983, when Greece adopted a new marriage law which guaranteed gender equality between the spouses, women in Greece are required to keep their birth names for their whole lives. Spouses keep their original surnames. According to the Italian Civil Code (article 143 bis),

803-477: A legal option to choose whether their father's or mother's surname came first. If a family did not exercise an option to change the order of the names in their surname, the law defaulted to the father's surname as the first. Also in Spain, a 1995 reform in the law allows the parents to choose whether the father's or the mother's surname goes first, although this order must be the same for all their children. For instance,

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876-778: A legal process. When people marry or divorce, the legal aspects of changing names may be simplified or included, so that the new name is established as part of the legal process of marrying or divorcing. Traditionally, in the Anglophone West , women are far more likely to change their surnames upon marriage than men, but in some instances men may change their last names upon marriage as well, including same-sex couples . In this article, birth name , family name , surname , married name and maiden name refer to patrilineal surnames unless explicitly described as referring to matrilineal surnames . Women changing their own last name after marriage encounter little difficulty in doing so when

949-566: A name change if: This law does not make it legal for a woman to change her name immediately upon marriage, as marriage is not listed among the reasons for a name change. There were some early cases in the United States that held that under common law , a woman was required to take her husband's name, but newer cases overturned that (see "Retain the birth name" above). Currently, American women do not have to change their names by law. Lindon v. First National Bank , 10 F. 894 (W.D. Pa. 1882),

1022-454: A newly married wife to adopt the husband's family name. However, as Russia is not a common law country, any name change requires a formal procedure including an official application to the civil acts registrar . As the same registrar also records marriages, for the convenience sake it is often done during the marriage proceedings, as governed by the Federal Law #143-FZ "On Civil State Acts", and

1095-441: A person (traditionally the wife in many cultures) assumes the family name of their spouse , in some countries that name replaces the person's previous surname , which in the case of the wife is called the maiden name (" birth name " is also used as a gender-neutral or masculine substitute for maiden name), whereas a married name is a family name or surname adopted upon marriage. In some jurisdictions, changing names requires

1168-609: A popular series of television commercials advertising Polaroid cameras. The two actors had such natural on-screen chemistry that many viewers erroneously believed that they were married in real life. Hartley's 1990 biography, Breaking the Silence , indicates that she began to wear a T-shirt printed with the phrase "I am not Mrs. James Garner." (Hartley went as far to have a shirt made for her infant son, reading "I am not James Garner's Child" and even one for her then-husband: "I am not James Garner!" James Garner's actual wife then jokingly had

1241-501: A publisher's assistant in both episodes. In 1977, Hartley appeared in the TV movie The Last Hurrah , a political drama based on the Edwin O'Connor novel of the same name ; and earned her first Emmy Award nomination. Her role as psychologist Dr. Carolyn Fields in "Married", a 1978 episode of the TV series The Incredible Hulk  – in which she marries Bill Bixby 's character,

1314-464: A romantic comedy based on their lives titled Our Almost Completely True Story , released in 2022. In her 1990 autobiography Breaking the Silence , written with Anne Commire , Hartley talked about her struggles with psychological problems, pointing directly to her grandfather's (Dr. Watson) practical application of his theories as the source of the dysfunction in his family. She has also spoken in public about her experience with bipolar disorder and

1387-822: A woman who marries keeps her surname and has the option of adding her husband's surname after hers. Non-Italian citizens getting married in Italy will not have their surname changed in Italy. However, brides or grooms can request their surname change in their home country. In the Netherlands , persons who have been married in the Netherlands or entered into a registered partnership will remain registered under their birth name. They are, however, permitted to use their partner's last name for social purposes or join both names. Upon marriage or registered partnership, one may also indicate how one would like to be addressed by registering one's choice at

1460-472: Is Maya Soetoro-Ng , formerly Maya Soetoro. Farrah Fawcett was known as Farrah Fawcett-Majors during her marriage to Lee Majors until their separation in 1979. Shirley Phelps-Roper was formerly known as Shirley Phelps prior to her marriage. Activist Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson was known as Ruby Doris Smith prior to her marriage. Although less common than name joining, a growing trend is the blending of two surnames upon marriage. This means adding parts of

1533-666: Is not James Garner's wife!" Between 2001 and 2006, Hartley endorsed the See Clearly Method , a commercial eye exercise program, whose sales were halted by an Iowa court after a finding of fraudulent business practices and advertising. Hartley received an honorary degree from Rider College in 1993. Hartley has been married three times. Her first marriage was to John Seventa (1960–1962). She married Patrick Boyriven on August 13, 1978; they had two children, Sean and Justine. The couple divorced in 1996. In 2005, Hartley married Jerry Sroka. Hartley and Sroka co-wrote and starred in

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1606-693: Is an American film and television actress. She is possibly best known for her roles in film as Elsa Knudsen in Sam Peckinpah 's Ride the High Country (1962), Susan Clabon in Alfred Hitchcock 's Marnie (1964), and Betty Lloyd in John Sturges ' Marooned (1969). She has appeared extensively on television, with notable roles as Claire Morton in the ABC soap opera Peyton Place (1965), various roles in

1679-516: Is customary to use the father's surname. The Civil Code currently provides several options for married women on what surname to take upon marriage: On 21 March 2023, the House of Representatives allowing a bill for a woman to keep her maiden name, as Philippine law does not require a woman to take her husband's surname at marriage. This is commonly done for professional reasons, as a woman may want to retain her maiden name among her business circles or as

1752-702: Is founded on the principle that white men are lords of all." Later, when addressing the judiciary committee of the state legislature of New York in 1860 in a speech called "A Slave's Appeal", she stated in part, "The negro [slave] has no name. He is Cuffy Douglas or Cuffy Brooks, just whose Cuffy he may chance to be. The woman has no name. She is Mrs. Richard Roe or Mrs. John Doe, just whose Mrs. she may chance to be." The feminist Jane Grant , co-founder of The New Yorker , wrote in 1943 of her efforts to keep her name despite her marriage, as well as other women's experiences with their maiden names regarding military service, passports, voting , and business . More recently,

1825-468: Is less common for women, especially in the United States and Canada, to add their spouse's name and their own birth name. There are examples of this, however, in U.S. senator Cindy Hyde-Smith and U.S. sitting congresswomen Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick and Mariannette Miller-Meeks , as well as U.S. former congresswomen Lucille Roybal-Allard , Ileana Ros-Lehtinen , and Debbie Mucarsel-Powell . Former U.S. president Barack Obama 's only maternal half-sibling

1898-465: Is less common than name blending. In most of Canada, either partner may informally assume the spouse's surname after marriage, so long as it is not for the purposes of fraud. The same is true for people in common-law relationships , in some provinces. This is not considered a legal name change in most provinces, excluding British Columbia. For federal purposes, such as a Canadian passport , Canadians may also assume their partner's surname if they are in

1971-721: Is one of the very earliest precedent-setting US federal court cases involving common law name change . A woman who had changed her last name to one that was not her husband's original surname was trying to claim control over her inheritance . The court ruled in her favor. This set forth many things. By common law, one may lawfully change their name and be "known and recognized" by that new name. Also, one may enter into any kinds of contracts in their new adopted name. Contracts include employment (see Coppage v. Kansas 236 U.S. 1), and one can be recognized legally in court in their new name. In 1967 in Erie Exchange v. Lane , 246 Md. 55 (1967)

2044-525: Is said about wife's surname change, but it is silent about husband's surname change. Currently, it is very unusual that either spouse change his/her surname after marriage in Iran. Japanese law does not recognize married couples who have different surnames as lawful husband and wife, which means that 96% of married Japanese women take their husband's surname. In 2015, the Japanese Supreme Court upheld

2117-496: Is sometimes referred to as Nikki R. Haley; the "R" stands for Randhawa, her birth surname. Examples are Brooklyn Peltz Beckham and John Ono Lennon . When British author Neil Gaiman married American musician Amanda Palmer , he added his wife's middle name to his, becoming Neil Richard MacKinnon Gaiman. Another example is Marie Gluesenkamp Perez . Some couples will create an entirely new surname for themselves upon marriage, with no ties to either's original surname. This practice

2190-477: Is therefore traditional for Korean women keep their surnames after marriage, based on traditional reasoning that it is what they inherited from their parents and ancestors. Colloquially, Koreans consider the name of an individual as a singular entity, and changing the family name syllable would make the name sound strange with the other syllables of the given name. Nowadays, women still keep their names after marriage. Children can have either parent's surname, but it

2263-583: The American Shakespeare Festival . Her film career began with an uncredited cameo appearance in From Hell to Texas (1958), a Western with Dennis Hopper . In the early 1960s, she moved to Los Angeles and joined the UCLA Theater Group. Hartley's first credited film appearance was alongside Randolph Scott and Joel McCrea in the 1962 Sam Peckinpah Western Ride the High Country ;

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2336-496: The CBS television Western drama series Gunsmoke , and a series of commercials with James Garner in the 1970s and 1980s. Hartley was born in Weston, Connecticut on June 21, 1940, the daughter of Mary "Polly" Ickes ( née Watson), a manager and saleswoman, and Paul Hembree Hartley, an account executive. Her maternal grandfather was John B. Watson , an American psychologist who established

2409-466: The Conseil d'État ruled that a space can be used instead of the double dash. As a result, forms asking for the choice of family name for a child ( nom de famille ) do so on two lines (" 1ère partie : ..... ", " 2e partie : ....") In Germany , since 1977, a woman may adopt her husband's surname or a man may adopt his wife's surname. As an alternative, one of them may adopt a name combined from both surnames;

2482-522: The 1970s, including two Westerns alongside Lee Van Cleef , Barquero (1970) and The Magnificent Seven Ride! (1972); and TV series including The Love Boat ; The Streets of San Francisco ; Emergency! ; McCloud ; Little House on the Prairie ; Love, American Style ; Police Woman ; and Columbo (1974’s Publish or Perish co-starring Jack Cassidy and 1977’s Try and Catch Me with Ruth Gordon ). Hartley portrays similar characters as

2555-669: The 1990s and 2000s followed, including Murder, She Wrote (1992), Courthouse (1995), Nash Bridges (2000), and NCIS (2005). She had recurring roles as Sister Mary Daniel in the soap opera One Life to Live (1999–2001; 10 episodes), and as Lorna Scarry in six episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2003–2011). From 1995 to 2015, she hosted the long-running television documentary series Wild About Animals , an educational program. In 2006, Hartley starred in her own one-woman show, If You Get to Bethlehem, You've Gone Too Far , which ran in Los Angeles . She returned to

2628-434: The 1992 TV movie A Diagnosis of Murder , the first of three TV movies that launched the series Diagnosis: Murder ). In 1987, she co-hosted CBS's The Morning Program weekday morning news show alongside Rolland Smith , for ten months. In the 1990s, Hartley toured with Elliott Gould and Doug Wert in the revival of the mystery play Deathtrap . Numerous roles in TV movies and guest appearances in TV series during

2701-549: The 21st century. According to a Pew Research Center survey published in September 2023, nearly 4 out of every 5 women in heterosexual marriages in the United States changed their last names to those of their husbands. On the other hand, 92% of all men in these marriages kept their last names. In 2007, Michael Buday and Diana Bijon enlisted the American Civil Liberties Union and filed a discrimination lawsuit against

2774-1869: The Allergist's Wife Author: Charles Busch Best Production Design: Aida Scenic and Costume Design: Bob Crowley Lighting Design: Natasha Katz Best Musical Score: Mamma Mia! Music and Lyrics: Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus Best Direction: Julie Taymor for The Lion King Best Choreography: Susan Stroman for Contact Best Long-Running Musical: Les Misérables Touring Broadway Career Achievement Award: Daryl T. Dodson Best New Musical: Urinetown Best Play: Say Goodnight Gracie Author: Rupert Holmes Best Production Design: Thoroughly Modern Millie Scenic Design: David Gallo Costume Design: Martin Pakledinaz Lighting Design: Donald Holder Best Musical Score: Urinetown Music: Mark Hollmann Lyrics: Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis Best Direction: Susan Stroman for The Producers Best Choreography: Rob Ashford for Thoroughly Modern Millie Best Long-Running Musical: Les Misérables Touring Broadway Career Achievement Award: Gary McAvay Best New Musical: Movin' Out Best Play: The Graduate Author: Terry Johnson Best Production Design: Little Shop of Horrors Scenic Design: Scott Pask Costume Design: William Ivey Long Lighting Design: Donald Holder Best Musical Score: Chicago Music: John Kander Lyrics: Fred Ebb Best Direction: Susan Stroman for The Producers Best Choreography: Twyla Tharp for Movin' Out Best Long-Running Musical: Mamma Mia! Touring Broadway Career Achievement Award: Alan Ross Kosher Company manager of The Lion King Best New Musical: Wicked Mariette Hartley Mary Loretta Hartley (born June 21, 1940)

2847-879: The Beast Best Choreography: Bob Fosse for Fosse Best Actor in a Play: Barry Humphries in Dame Edna: The Royal Tour Best Actor in a Musical: David Pittu in Parade Best Actress in a Play: Sherri Parker Lee in The Vagina Monologues Best Actress in a Musical: Louise Pitre in Mamma Mia! Best New Musical: Aida Best Play: Copenhagen Author: Michael Frayn Best Visual Presentation: Aida Best Musical Score: Les Misérables Music by Claude-Michel Schönberg Lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer Best Song in

2920-681: The English-speaking provinces of Canada and the United States. Often there are variations of name adoption, including family name adoption. Usually, the children of these marriages are given their father's surname. Some families (mainly in the US) have a custom of using the mother's maiden name as a middle name for one of the children— Franklin Delano Roosevelt received his middle name in this way, as did Isambard Kingdom Brunel in Britain. Some even use

2993-576: The Maryland Court of Appeals held that a married woman can lawfully adopt an assumed name, even if it is not her birth name or the name of her lawful husband, without legal proceedings. In the United States, only eight states provide for an official name change for a man as part of their marriage process, and in others a man may petition a court or—where not prohibited—change his name without a legal procedure (though government agencies sometimes do not recognize this procedure). The practice remains popular in

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3066-490: The Municipal Basis Administration (Basisregistratie Personen), although their birth name does not change. One may choose to be called by one's own name, one's partner's name, one's own name followed by one's partner's name (hyphenated), or one's partner's name followed by their own name (hyphenated; this was the prevailing convention up to very recently. In this case the maiden name following the hyphen only uses

3139-438: The U.S. Because of her, women who choose not to use their husbands' surnames have been called "Lucy Stoners". The feminist Elizabeth Cady Stanton took her husband's surname as part of her own, signing herself Elizabeth Cady Stanton or E. Cady Stanton, but she refused to be addressed as Mrs. Henry B. Stanton. She wrote in 1847 that "the custom of calling women Mrs. John This and Mrs. Tom That and colored men Sambo and Zip Coon ,

3212-525: The alter ego of the Hulk , won Hartley the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . She was nominated for the same award for her performance in an episode of The Rockford Files the following year. In 1983, Hartley reunited with Bixby in the sitcom Goodnight, Beantown , which ran for two seasons and brought her another Emmy Award nomination. (She worked with Bixby again in

3285-406: The article 38 of the law on Civil Registration in 1940, but there is another article (43) that says "If the couple separate legally, maintaining husband's surname is allowed if the husband allows, and if the husband has taken wife's family name, maintaining wife's surname is allowed if the wife allows." In the last related article (the article 42 of the law on Civil Registration in 1976) the same thing

3358-449: The couple's marriage certificate has an option of having one common family name, or both spouses going by their original surname. However, the law is entirely gender neutral, and the couple may adopt either of their surnames (a husband adopting his wife's family name is an uncommon but by no means unheard-of practice, which is generally accepted and carries little to no social stigma), or even a completely different one. The law also recognizes

3431-413: The couple's right to use the combined family name, and for the either of the spouses to reclaim their original surname in the case the marriage is dissolved. In the lowlands of Scotland in the 16th century, married women did not change their surnames, but today it is common practice to do so. Spouses have always kept their original surnames. Following Spanish naming customs , a person's name consists of

3504-642: The decade, with appearances in Gunsmoke (five times including the title character in “Cotter’s Girl” in 1962); The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters ; Death Valley Days ; Judd, for the Defense ; Bonanza ; and Star Trek (as Zarabeth, Spock's love interest in S3 E23 " All Our Yesterdays ", which aired on 3/13/1969) among others. In 1965, she had a significant role as Dr. Claire Morton in 32 episodes of Peyton Place . Hartley continued to perform in film and TV during

3577-491: The ex-partner disagrees and requests the court to forbid the use of the ex-partner's surname. Before the birth or adoption of a first child, married parents may choose the child's surname (mother's or father's but not both). If no choice is made, the child automatically bears the father's surname. Any further children will also go by this name. If the parents are not married, the children will automatically have their mother's name unless otherwise indicated. Wives usually append

3650-427: The family name of their spouse to their legal name, although there is a recent trend of women keeping their maiden names. Following Portuguese naming customs , a person's name consists of a given name (simple or composite) followed by two family names (surnames), the mother's and the father's. Any children whom a couple have together, take both second-surnames. There is a widespread, though not universal, custom for

3723-467: The father only upon "the concurrent submission of a sworn application to that effect signed by both parents." In Massachusetts , a Harvard study in 2004 found that about 87% of college-educated women take their husbands' name on marriage, down from a peak before 1975 of over 90%, but up from about 80% in 1990. The same study found women with a college degree were "two to four times (depending on age) more likely to retain their surname" than those without

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3796-478: The father's surname. Korea used to be relatively gender equal as of inheritance and familial duties up until at least the late 17th century. Often, family genealogy books would keep track of the daughters and their spouses and offspring too. As such, it was the norm for women to keep their maiden name and they were considered to be part of the family even after marriage. Before modern times, people were very conscious of familial values and their own family identities. It

3869-654: The feminist Jill Filipovic 's opposition to name change for women who marry was published in The Guardian in 2013 as "Why should married women change their names? Let men change theirs", and cited as recommended reading on the theory of social construction of gender in Critical Encounters in Secondary English: Teaching Literacy Theory to Adolescents by Deborah Appleman (2014). When Filipovic married in 2018, she kept her last name. It

3942-407: The heads of families had the right to choose their family members' (including the wife) surname. It is stated in the article four of the law on Civil Registration in 1925, that "Everybody should choose his/her own name. The wife... maintains her family name that was called by." The same thing has been restated in the article three of the law on Civil Registration in 1928. There is not much difference in

4015-665: The marriage law explicitly states that a child may use either parent's surname. It is also common for two children born to the same parents to take different surnames, one after the father and the other after the mother. It is also possible, though far less common, for a child to combine both parents' surnames. Amongst the Chinese diaspora overseas, especially in Southeast Asia, women rarely legally adopt their spouse's surname. Due to British influence, some people in Hong Kong have also adopted

4088-529: The marriage officer or the civil registry office. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that prohibiting married women from retaining only maiden names is a violation of their rights. Traditionally, unlike in Anglophone Western countries, a married woman keeps her name unchanged, without adopting her husband's surname. In mainland China a child inherits their father's surname as a norm, though

4161-448: The mother's maiden name as a first name, such as Spessard Holland , a former governor of Florida and former senator, whose mother's maiden name was Virginia Spessard. Women who keep their own surname after marriage may do so for a number of reasons: The feminist Lucy Stone (1818–1893) made a national issue of a married woman's right to keep her own surname (as she herself did upon marriage) as part of her efforts for women's rights in

4234-442: The name of the son of the couple in the example above could be "Andrés Gómez Reyes" or "Andrés Reyes Gómez". In some Spanish-American countries it is customary for women to unofficially add the husband's first surname after her own, for social purposes such as invitation letters or event announcements. The couple above may introduce themselves as José Gómez Hevia and María Reyes de Gómez. It is also common to name, in formal settings,

4307-518: The name-change law, ruling that it was not unconstitutional, noting that women could informally use their maiden names, and stating that it was the parliamentarians who should decide on whether to pass new legislation on separate spousal names. In 2024, six couples recognized International Women's Day by suing the government of Japan for the right of a wife and husband to have different last names. Traditionally, Korean women keep their family names after their marriage, while their children usually take

4380-437: The opportunity is included in the legal process of marrying. Unless the statutes where the marriage occurred specify that a name change may occur at marriage (in which case the marriage certificate indicates the new name), courts following common law officially recognize it as the right of a person (man, woman, and sometimes child) to change their name. However, men encounter more difficulties in changing their last names. In

4453-504: The passage of a 1981 provincial law intended to promote gender equality, as outlined in the Québec Charter of Rights , no change may be made to a person's name without the authorization of the registrar of civil status or the authorization of the court. Newlyweds who wish to change their names upon marriage must therefore go through the same procedure as those changing their names for other reasons. The registrar of civil status may authorize

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4526-542: The past, a woman in England usually assumed her new husband's family name (or surname) after marriage; often she was compelled to do so under coverture laws. Assuming the husband's surname remains common practice today in the United Kingdom (although there is no law that states the name must be changed) and in other countries such as Australia , New Zealand , Pakistan , Gibraltar , Falkland Islands , India , Philippines ,

4599-668: The psychological school of behaviorism . She grew up in Weston, Connecticut , an affluent Fairfield County suburb within commuting distance to Manhattan . She graduated from the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , in 1965. Hartley began her career as a 13-year-old in the White Barn Theatre in Norwalk , Connecticut . In her teens as a stage actress, she

4672-414: The remaining unchanged surname is the "family name" ( Ehename ), which will be the surname of the children. If a man and woman both decide to keep and use their birth names after the wedding (no combined name), they shall declare one of those names the "family name". A combined name is not possible as a family name, but, since 2005, it has been possible to have a double name as a family name if one already had

4745-419: The role earned her a BAFTA award nomination. She continued to appear in film during the 1960s, including the lead role in the adventure Drums of Africa (1963), and prominent supporting roles in Alfred Hitchcock 's psychological thriller Marnie (1964) — alongside Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery — and the John Sturges drama Marooned (1969). Hartley also guest-starred in numerous TV series during

4818-480: The same ease as a woman. As a result of the lawsuit, the Name Equality Act of 2007 was passed to allow either spouse to change their name, using their marriage license as the means of the change; the law took effect in 2009. In the United States, some states or areas have laws that restrict what surname a child may have. For example, Tennessee allows a child to be given a surname that does not include that of

4891-641: The stage in 2014 as Eleanor of Aquitaine (with Ian Buchanan as Henry) in the Colony Theater Company production of James Goldman 's The Lion in Winter . In January 2018, Hartley began a recurring role on the Fox first-responder drama 9-1-1 as Patricia Clark, the Alzheimer's -afflicted mother of dispatcher Abby Clark ( Connie Britton ). In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hartley appeared with James Garner in

4964-502: The state of California . According to the ACLU, the obstacles facing a husband who wishes to adopt his wife's last name violated the equal protection clause provided by the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. At the time of the lawsuit, only the states of Georgia , Hawaii , Iowa , Massachusetts , New York and North Dakota explicitly allowed a man to change his name through marriage with

5037-418: The tradition of women changing their English last name, or prepending their husband's Chinese surname to their own in official occasions or business cards but rarely on resident identification or travel documents. An example is former chief executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor , who prepended her husband Lam Siu-por 's surname to hers. It became mandatory in 1918 to use surnames in Iran, and only in this time,

5110-774: The two names. An example is Dawn O'Porter (from Porter and O'Dowd ). Examples include Amy Coney Barrett , Maryanne Trump Barry , Vera Cahalan Bushfield , Marguerite Stitt Church , Hillary Rodham Clinton (dropped maiden name in 2007), Ruth Bader Ginsburg , Katherine Gudger Langley , Ruth Hanna McCormick , Nelle Wilson Reagan , Edith Nourse Rogers , Sarah Huckabee Sanders , Debbie Wasserman Schultz , Margaret Chase Smith , and Jada Pinkett Smith . During their respective marriages, Kim Kardashian and Robin Wright were known as Kim Kardashian West (from Kanye West ) and Robin Wright Penn (from Sean Penn ). Politician Nikki Haley

5183-522: The wife of a man as "señora de", followed by her husband's first surname. Since 2014, women in Turkey are allowed to keep their birth names alone for their whole life instead of using their husbands' names. Previously, the Turkish Code of Civil Law, Article 187, required a married woman to use her husband's surname; or else to use her birth name in front of her husband's name by giving a written application to

5256-547: Was a founder of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention . She currently serves as the foundation's national spokesperson. In 2003, Hartley was hired by pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline to increase awareness of bipolar medications and treatments. She frequently promotes awareness of bipolar disorder and suicide prevention. In 2009, Hartley spoke at a suicide and violence prevention forum about her father's suicide. Married and maiden names When

5329-597: Was coached and mentored by Eva Le Gallienne . She graduated in 1957 from Staples High School in Westport, Connecticut , where she was an active member of the school's theater group, Staples Players. While a student at Staples, she boldly telephoned screenwriter Rod Serling to ask him to speak in her class. Serling answered the call himself, chose to visit and speak in her classroom, and years later remembering their previous interaction, cast Hartley in an episode (" The Long Morrow ") of The Twilight Zone . Hartley also worked at

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