100-658: National Book Trust ( NBT ) is an Indian publishing house, which was founded in 1957 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education of the Government of India . The activities of the Trust include publishing, promotion of books and reading, promotion of Indian books abroad, assistance to authors and publishers, and promotion of children's literature. NBT publishes reading material in several Indian languages for all age-groups, including books for children and Neo-literates. They publish
200-596: A subtropical climate that is influenced by its relief and influences from the southwest and northeast monsoons . The Himalayas to the north, the Meghalaya plateau to the south and the hills of Nagaland, Mizoram and Manipur to the east influences the climate. Since monsoon winds originating from the Bay of Bengal move northeast, these mountains force the moist winds upwards, causing them to cool adiabatically and condense into clouds, releasing heavy precipitation on these slopes. It
300-399: A center of rice germplasm. The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), India, has highlighted the region as being rich in wild relatives of crop plants. It is the center of origin of citrus fruits. Two primitive variety of maize, Sikkim Primitive 1 and 2, have been reported from Sikkim (Dhawan, 1964). Although jhum cultivation , a traditional system of agriculture, is often cited as
400-602: A decisive defeat for the Japanese. They suffered heavy casualties and were forced to retreat, marking a turning point in the Burma Campaign. The Allied victory paved the way for subsequent offensives to clear Japanese forces from Burma and ultimately led to the re-conquest of the region. Arunachal Pradesh, a state in the Northeastern tip of India, is claimed by China as South Tibet . Sino-Indian relations degraded, resulting in
500-513: A flavouring agent), so prized in the old world. Ptolemy 's Geographia (2nd century CE) calls the region Kirrhadia , apparently after the Kirata population. In the early historical period (most of the first millennium CE), Kamarupa straddled most of present-day Northeast India. Xuanzang , a travelling Chinese Buddhist monk, visited Kamarupa in the 7th century CE. He described the people as "short in stature and black-looking", whose speech differed
600-448: A high reputation among international publishers. The 28th NDWBF was held from 4 to 12 January 2020 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. To mark the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi , the theme of NDWBF is ‘Gandhi: The Writers’ Writer’. In 2018, European Union and in 2019 Sharjah was the Guest of Honor Country at NDWBF. The NBT conducted a National Action Plan for Readership Development Among
700-515: A little from mid-India and who were of simple but violent disposition. He wrote that the people in Kamarupa knew of Sichuan , which lay to the kingdom's east beyond a treacherous mountain. The northeastern states were established during the British Raj of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when they became relatively isolated from traditional trading partners such as Bhutan and Myanmar . Many of
800-405: A monthly Newsletter about recent publications. The National Book Trust (NBT), India is an apex body established by the Government of India ( Department of Higher Education , Ministry of Human Resource Development ) in the year 1957. India's first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru envisioned that NBT would be a bureaucracy-free structure that would publish low-cost books. The objectives of
900-591: A new scheme to encourage young women writers ‘Mahila Lekhan Protsahan Yojana’. As per the scheme, the Trust has invited proposals from young women writers below 40 years from across the country writing in any of the 22 Indian languages recognized by the Constitution and in English. The manuscript submitted should be the writer’s first, original and unpublished. The genres may include novel, travelogue, memoirs, diary, short stories, plays and satire. The manuscripts selected by
1000-659: A number of features that set them apart from most other areas of the Indian subcontinent (such as alveolar consonants rather than the more typical dental/retroflex distinction). Assamese , an Indo-Aryan language spoken mostly in the Brahmaputra Valley , developed as a lingua franca for many speech communities. Assamese-based pidgin/creoles have developed in Nagaland ( Nagamese ) and Arunachal ( Nefamese ), though Nefamese has been replaced by Hindi in recent times. Bengali language
1100-410: A predominantly humid sub-tropical climate with hot, humid summers, severe monsoons, and mild winters. Along with the west coast of India, this region has some of the Indian subcontinent's last remaining rainforests, which support diverse flora and fauna and several crop species. Reserves of petroleum and natural gas in the region are estimated to constitute a fifth of India's total potential. The region
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#17329089392001200-723: A radio talk show. He later compiled a book on the interdependence and commonness of the Seven Sister States. It has been primarily because of this publication that the nickname has caught on. The Northeast region can be physiographically categorised into the Eastern Himalaya , the Patkai and the Brahmaputra and the Barak valley plains. Northeast India (at the confluence of Indo-Malayan, Indo-Chinese, and Indian biogeographical realms) has
1300-420: A reason for the loss of forest cover of the region, this primary agricultural economic activity practised by local tribes supported the cultivation of 35 varieties of crops. The region is rich in medicinal plants and many other rare and endangered taxa . Its high endemism in both higher plants , vertebrates , and avian diversity has qualified it as a biodiversity hotspot . The following figures highlight
1400-470: A scheme of NBT Book Club. The members of this Club can avail a special discount on purchase of NBT books and also a discount on postal charges on the receipt of books through VPP. The life membership fee for the Club is only Rs. 100/- for individuals and Rs. 500/- for institutions. Now book lovers and institutions can enroll themselves online through NBT ReadersBook Club. To create a pool of trained professionals for
1500-521: A significant increase in musical innovation in the 21st century. Many of the Northeast Indian indigenous communities have an ancient heritage of folktales which tell the tale of their origin, rituals, beliefs and so on. These tales are transmitted from one generation to another in oral form. They are remarkable instances of tribal wisdom and imagination. However, Assam, Tripura and Manipur have some ancient written texts. These states were mentioned in
1600-457: A significant initiative in cultural diplomacy, the Government of India and the Government of People’s Republic of China have put forward an ambitious translation programme that includes translation of select 25 classical and contemporary literary works from Chinese into Hindi and Indian literary works into Chinese. To give effect to this initiative a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between
1700-542: A southward occurrence of this mountain range in comparison to other Himalayan ranges, this region has a distinctly different climate, with warmer mean temperatures and fewer days with frost, and much higher rainfall. This has resulted in the occurrence of a rich array of restricted-range bird species. More than two critically endangered species, three endangered species, and 14 vulnerable species of birds are in this EBA. Stattersfield et al. (1998) identified 22 restricted range species, out of which 19 are confined to this region and
1800-535: A year. Areas in the Brahmputra valley receive 2,000 mm (79 in) of rainfall a year while mountainous areas receive 2,000 to 3,000 mm (79 to 118 in) a year. The southwest monsoon is responsible for bringing 90% of the annual rainfall to the region. April to late October are the months where most of the rainfall in Northeast India occurs with June and July being the rainiest months. In most parts of
1900-602: A ‘Financial Assistance Programme’ where NBT provides suitable incentive to foreign publishers in the form of financial assistance for translation of original Indian writings published by Indian publishers in English, Hindi and other Indian languages into foreign languages. The programme covers broad categories of fiction, non-fiction, science & technology, and books for children, except dictionaries, magazines, journals, textbooks for schools/ colleges and professional courses like medicine, pure & applied sciences, engineering, business administration, etc. National Book Trust, India
2000-659: Is Dharmendra Pradhan , a member of the Council of Ministers . India had a Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, the Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), and with the newly drafted " National Education Policy 2020 " by the Narendra Modi government , the Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to the Ministry of Education. The new National Education Policy 2020
2100-541: Is 46 million with 68 per cent of that living in Assam alone. Assam also has a higher population density of 397 persons per km than the national average of 382 persons per km . The literacy rates in the states of the Northeastern region, except those in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, are higher than the national average of 74 per cent. As per 2011 census, Meghalaya recorded the highest population growth of 27.8 per cent among all
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#17329089392002200-647: Is a ministry of the Government of India , responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education . The ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy , and the Department of Higher Education , which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc. The current education minister
2300-399: Is a famous industry in the region. Northeast is a hub of different genres of music. Each community has its own rich heritage of folk music. Talented musicians and singers are plentifully found in this part of the country. The Assamese singer-composer Bhupen Hazarika achieved national and international fame with his remarkable creations. Another famous singer from Assam, Pratima Barua Pandey
2400-419: Is a mega-earthquake prone zone caused by active fault planes beneath formed by the convergence of three tectonic plates viz. India Plate , Eurasian Plate and Burma Plate . Historically the region has suffered from two great earthquakes (M > 8.0) – 1897 Assam earthquake and 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake – and about 20 large earthquakes (8.0 > M > 7.0) since 1897. The 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake
2500-631: Is a popular term for the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh , Assam , Meghalaya , Manipur , Mizoram , Nagaland and Tripura prior to inclusion of the state of Sikkim into the North Eastern Region of India. The sobriquet 'Land of the Seven Sisters' was coined to coincide with the inauguration of the new states in January 1972 by Jyoti Prasad Saikia, a journalist in Tripura, in the course of
2600-562: Is a well-known folk singer. Zubeen Garg , Papon , Anurag Saikia are some other notable singers, musicians from the state of Assam . Tangkhul Naga folk blue singer like Rewben Mashangva , who comes from Ukhrul, is an acclaimed Folk singer whose music is inspired by the like of Bob Dylan and Bob Marley. Another famous folk singing band from Nagaland popularly known as Tetseo Sisters is one to be noted for their original music genre. However, younger generation has started pursuing western music more and more nowadays. The northeast region has seen
2700-1544: Is another Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Assam in the Barak Valley and Tripura , being the majority and official language in both the regions. The Austro-Asiatic family is represented by the Khasi , Jaintia and War languages of Meghalaya. A small number of Tai–Kadai languages ( Ahom , Tai Phake , Khamti , etc.) are also spoken. Sino-Tibetan is represented by a number of languages that differ significantly from each other, some of which are: Boro , Rabha , Karbi , Mising , Tiwa , Deori , Hmar (including Biate, Chorei, Halam, Hrangkhawl, Kaipeng, Molsom, Ranglong, Saihriem, Sakachep, Thangachep, Thiek) , Zeme Naga , Rengma Naga and, Kuki ( Thadou language ) (Assam); Garo , Rabha , Hmar (including Biate, Sakachep) (Meghalaya); Ao , Angami , Sema , Lotha , Konyak , Chakhesang , Chang , Khiamniungan , Phom , Pochury , Rengma , Sangtam , Tikhir , Yimkhiung , Zeliang , Kuki ( Thadou ), and Hmar (including Sakachep/Khelma) etc. (Nagaland); Mizo languages such as Lusei (including Hualngo) , Hmar (including Chorei, Darlawng, Darngawn, Kaipeng, Khawlhring, Molsom, Ngente, Sakachep, Zote) , Lai (including Hakha, Falam, Khualsim, Zanniet, Sim) , Mara languages , Ralte/Galte , Zomi/Paihte , Kuki/Thahdo , etc. (Mizoram); Hrusso , Tanee , Niyshi , Adi , Abor, Nocte , Apatani , Mishmi etc. (Arunachal). Kokborok
2800-581: Is bringing out a quarterly magazine in Hindi titled Pustak Sanskriti . The magazine aims to not only update readers about the current literary and publishing events being organized across the country but to connect readers of all age groups especially youth with the rich tradition of Indian writings. Besides the activities of the Trust, the magazine also carries unpublished, original writings (short story, essays, poems, travelogues, etc.) of emerging new writers, book reviews, etc. National Book Trust, India has introduced
2900-645: Is concentrated in that state alone. A bulk of Christian population in India resides in North East, as about 30% of India's Christian population is concentrated in North Eastern region alone. There is a significant presence of Buddhism in Sikkim , Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram . Northeast India has over 220 ethnic groups and an equal number of dialects in which Bodo form the largest indigenous ethnic group. The hills states in
3000-517: Is covered by the mighty Brahmaputra-Barak river systems and their tributaries. Geographically, apart from the Brahmaputra , Barak and Imphal valleys and some flatlands in between the hills of Meghalaya and Tripura , the remaining two-thirds of the area is hilly terrain interspersed with valleys and plains; the altitude varies from almost sea-level to over 7,000 metres (23,000 ft) above MSL . The region's high rainfall, averaging around 10,000 millimetres (390 in) and above creates problems of
3100-515: Is divided into eight bureaus , and most of the work of the department is handled through over 100 autonomous organisations under these bureaus. The main objectives of the ministry are: MoE's Innovation Cell , was established in August 2018 by the ministry at All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to systematically foster the culture of innovation, entrepreneurship and startups in all major Higher Education Institutions in India. Abhay Jere
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3200-576: Is due to temperature inversions during winter nights when cold air descends from the hills into the valleys below and its geographic location which prevents winds that bring hot temperatures and humidity from coming into the Manipur plain. For example, in Imphal, winter daytime temperatures hover around 21 °C (70 °F) but nighttime temperatures drop to 3 °C (37 °F). No part of Northeast India receives less than 1,000 mm (39 in) of rainfall
3300-631: Is into e-publishing, with more than 100 of its titles available in the e-format ( EPUB 3.0), mainly intended to cater to the demands of Indian Diaspora and tech-savvy youth. The e-books are available in English, Hindi as well as in other Indian languages and can be accessed through Android enabled devices such as mobiles, tables, etc. The NBT, India and the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) entered into an MoU to open select NBT bookshops at major metro stations. These bookshops will attract thousands of students and other commuters who travel by
3400-614: Is one-horned rhinoceros. The forests of the region are also the habitats of elephant, royal Bengal tiger, leopard, golden cat, fishing cat, marbled cat, Bengal fox etc. the Gangetic dolphin in the Brahmaputra is also an endangered species. The other endangered species are otter, mugger crocodile, tortoise and some fishes. WWF has identified the following priority ecoregions in North-East India: The total population of Northeast India
3500-524: Is referred to as the "Gateway to the Northeast" and is the largest metropolis in Northeast India. The earliest settlers may have been Austroasiatic speakers from Southeast Asia , followed by Tibeto-Burman speakers from China, and by 500 BCE Indo-Aryan speakers from the Gangetic Plains as well as Kra–Dai speakers from southern Yunnan and Shan State . Due to the biodiversity and crop diversity of
3600-605: Is responsible for the development of school education and literacy in the country. The Department of Higher Education is in charge of secondary and post-secondary education. The department is empowered to grant deemed university status to educational institutions on the advice of the University Grants Commission (UGC) of India, under Section 3 of the University Grants Commission (UGC) Act, 1956. The Department of Higher Education takes care of one of
3700-487: Is still the largest earthquake in India . WWF has identified the entire Eastern Himalayas as a priority Global 200 ecoregion . Conservation International has upscaled the Eastern Himalaya hotspot to include all the eight states of Northeast India, along with the neighbouring countries of Bhutan , southern China and Myanmar . The region has been identified by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research as
3800-412: Is the dominant among the tribal people of Tripura and one of the official languages of the state, while Garo , Hmar (including Bong, Bongcher, Chorei, Dab, Darlawng, Hmarchaphang, Hrangkhawl, Langkai, Kaipeng, Koloi, Korbong, Molsom, Ranglong, Rupini, Saihmar, Sakachep, Thangachep)) , Lusei (including Rokhum) , etc are also spoken. Meitei is the official language in Manipur, the dominant language of
3900-601: Is the first writer from Northeast India to be awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award (2013) in the Indian English Literature category for her collection of short stories, Laburnum for My Head , and Padma Shri (2007). Easterine Kire is the first English novelist hailed from Nagaland. She received The Hindu Literary Prize (2015) for her novel When the River Sleeps . Indira Goswami, alias Mamoni Roisom Goswami,
4000-569: Is the majority religion in the North Eastern states of Assam , Tripura , Manipur , Sikkim and plurality in Arunachal Pradesh , while Christianity is the majority religion in Meghalaya , Nagaland , Mizoram and plurality in Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh. A significant plurality of the state of Arunachal Pradesh follows the indigenous religion Donyi-Polo . Islam has a significant presence in Assam and about 93% of all North East Muslim population
4100-464: Is the rainiest region in the country, with many places receiving an average annual precipitation of 2,000 mm (79 in), which is mostly concentrated in summer during the monsoon season . Cherrapunji , located on the Meghalaya plateau is one of the rainiest place in the world with an annual precipitation of 11,777 mm (463.7 in). Temperatures are moderate in the Brahmaputra and Barak valley river plains which decreases with altitude in
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4200-624: The Ministry of External Affairs , Government of India and the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television of the People’s Republic of China on Cooperation in Mutual Translation and Publication of classic and contemporary works. It was signed during the visit of Premier Li Keqiang to India. The project of taking forward the programme was given to National Book Trust, India. To implement this project
4300-479: The Ministry of Human Resource Development in association with Indian Council of Historical Research , Central Board of Secondary Education and National Book Trust, India organized an all India Online Contest to select students who could be part of the Programme. The contest was open to students of classes X and XI, across all Boards of School Education and schools in the country. The contest included writing an essay on
4400-641: The North Eastern Region ( NER ), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states — Arunachal Pradesh , Assam , Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters" ), and the "brother" state of Sikkim . The region shares an international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) (about 99 per cent of its total geographical boundary) with several neighbouring countries – 1,395 kilometres (867 mi) with China in
4500-609: The Sahitya Akademi . Some of the notable writers of Northeast Literature are--(from Assam) Lakshminath Bezbaroa , Homen Borgohain , Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya , Harekrishna Deka , Rongbong Terang , Nilmani Phukan , Indira Goswami , Hiren Bhattacharyya , Mitra Phukan , Jahnavi Barua , Dhruba Hazarika , Rita Chowdhury ; (from Arunachal Pradesh) Mamang Dai ; (from Manipur) Robin S Ngangom , Ratan Thiyam ; (from Meghalaya) Paul Lyngdoh ; (from Nagaland) Temsula Ao , Easterine Kire ; (from Sikkim) Rajendra Bhandari . Temsula Ao
4600-669: The Sino-Indian War of 1962. The cause of the escalation into war is still disputed by both Chinese and Indian sources. During the war in 1962, the PRC (China) captured much of the NEFA ( North-East Frontier Agency ) created by India in 1954. But on 21 November 1962, China declared a unilateral ceasefire, and withdrew its troops 20 kilometres (12 mi) behind the McMahon Line . China returned Indian prisoners of war in 1963. The Seven Sister States
4700-552: The Brahmaputra and Barak valley river plains, mean winter temperatures vary between 16 and 17 °C (61 and 63 °F) while mean summer temperatures are around 28 °C (82 °F). The highest summer temperatures occur in the West Tripura plain with Agartala , the capital of Tripura having mean maximum summer temperatures ranging between 33 and 35 °C (91 and 95 °F) in April. The highest temperatures in summer occur before
4800-681: The British formed the South East Asia Command (SEAC) under Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten in November 1943. This command brought new energy to the war effort in the region and emphasised the importance of standing firm and fighting on despite logistical challenges, such as during the monsoon season. The Japanese launched an offensive in March 1944 aimed at capturing Imphal and Kohima, key locations in northeast India. Capturing these areas would have allowed
4900-568: The Cachar plains south of 25 o N and are classified as tropical wet and dry ( Aw ). Much of Assam, Nagaland, northern parts of Meghalaya and Manipur and parts of Arunachal Pradesh fall within the warm temperature mesothermal climates (type C) where the mean temperatures in coldest months range from −3 to 18 °C (27 to 64 °F). The entire Brahmaputra valley has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa/Cwa ) with hot summers. At altitudes between 500 and 1,500 m (1,600 and 4,900 ft) located in
5000-559: The External Publicity and Public Diplomacy Division of Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India and the National Book Trust, India signed an MoU, to translate the 25 Chinese works into Hindi. In the first phase of translation books titled Analects of Confucius , Camel Xiangzi , Looks Beautiful and Selected Works of Bing Xin have been published. The year 2019 marked 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev ,
5100-460: The Himalayan ranges in the northern border with India and China experience the lowest temperatures with heavy snow during winter and temperatures that drop below freezing. Areas with altitudes exceeding 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) receive snowfall during winters and have cool summers. Below 2,000 metres (6,562 ft) above sea level, winter temperatures reach up to 15 °C (59 °F) during
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#17329089392005200-470: The Imphal Valley; while "Naga" languages such as Poumai , Mao , Maram , Rongmei (Kabui), Tangkhul , Zeme , Liangmei , Inpui , Thangal Naga and Mizo languages such as Kuki/Thado , Lusei , Zomi languages (including Paite , Simte , Vaiphei , Zou , Mate , Thangkhal , Tedim-Chin ) , Gangte and Hmar languages (including Biete, Hrangkhawl, Thiek, Zote) predominate in individual hill areas of
5300-522: The Japanese to disrupt Allied supply lines to China and launch air attacks against India. However, the Allied forces, under the leadership of Field Marshal William Slim, held firm. They adopted aggressive tactics, including the creation of defensive "boxes" and the use of jungle warfare techniques. Despite being surrounded, the defenders at Kohima held out against intense Japanese attacks until reinforcements arrived. The battles of Imphal and Kohima resulted in
5400-526: The Metro daily. Two such bookshops have been opened at the Kashmere Gate and Vishwavidyalaya Metro Stations . DMRC will also identify and allot space at prominent Metro Stations to publicize the various book promotional activities of NBT. The effort is part of NBT’s initiative to collaborate with similar organizations to promote books and reading in the country. To promote Indian writings abroad, NBT has initiated
5500-560: The NBT are to produce and encourage the production of good literature in English , Hindi and other Indian languages and to make such literature available at moderate prices to the public and to bring out book catalogues, arrange book fairs/exhibitions and seminars and take all necessary steps to make the people book minded. To widen readership base across the country, various programmes have been recently initiated by National Book Trust, India. Some of
5600-539: The NBT organizes a number of book promotional activities and literary programmes throughout the country, like book exhibitions, seminars, discussions, meet-the-author programmes, workshops and other literary events. NBT has been mandated by the Government of India to administer a Financial Assistance scheme for voluntary and literary bodies. The Financial Assistance is given on ad-hoc basis for organizing book promotional activities. Up to 75 per cent of approved expenditure for any or more purposes namely: The Trust also has
5700-512: The Trust. In 1993 NBT established the National Center for Children’s Literature (NCCL) to monitor, coordinate, plan and aid the publication of children’s literature in various Indian languages. The NCCL is engaged in organizing workshops, exhibitions and promoting the habit of reading at the school level by encouraging the setting up of Readers’ Clubs. Till date over 33,000 (approx.) Readers’ Clubs have been established across various schools in
5800-558: The Youth (NAPRDY) with a vision to make all youth in the age-group of 15-25 an active reader by the year 2025. The first major step under the NAPRDY has been the undertaking of the first ever National Youth Readership Survey among rural and urban youth across the country, which was undertaken by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), to assess the readership patterns as well as
5900-543: The arrival of monsoons and thus eastern areas have the highest temperatures in June and July where the monsoon arrives later than western areas. In the Cachar Plain, located south of the Brahmaputra plain, temperatures are higher than the Brahmaputra plain although the temperature range is smaller owing to higher cloud cover and the monsoons that moderate night temperatures year round. In the mountainous areas of Arunachal Pradesh,
6000-550: The biodiversity significance of the region: The International Council for Bird Preservation , UK identified the Assam plains and the Eastern Himalaya as an Endemic Bird Area (EBA). The EBA has an area of 220,000 km following the Himalayan range in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Myanmar and the Indian states of Sikkim , North Bengal , Assam, Nagaland , Manipur , Meghalaya and Mizoram . Because of
6100-474: The capital of Meghalaya. Initially, the Japanese had invaded British territories in Southeast Asia, including Burma (now Myanmar), with the intention of creating a fortified perimeter around Japan. The British had neglected the defence of Burma, and by early 1942, the Japanese had captured Rangoon and pushed Allied forces back towards India through a gruelling retreat. In response to the Japanese advance,
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#17329089392006200-575: The country can be broadly classified into three categories – Central Government-funded institutions, State Government/State-funded institutions and Self-financed institutions. The 122 Centrally funded institution of technical and science education are as under: List of centrally funded technical institutions: IIITs (25), IITs (23), IIMs (20), IISc Bangalore , IISERs (7 – Berhampur, Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, Pune, Thiruvananthapuram, Tirupati), NITs (31), NITTTRs (4), and 9 others ( SPA , ISMU, NERIST, SLIET, IIEST, NITIE & NIFFT, CIT). The department
6300-449: The country. The Center is mandated to conduct surveys and research work related to children’s literature. It also publishes a quarterly bilingual magazine ‘Reader’s Club Bulletin’ for children. The NCCL’s library-cum-documentation center for children’s literature at New Delhi is now connected with the library network across the country and members can access the books online. This library is open for general public and researchers. To promote
6400-407: The day with nights dropping to zero while summers are cool, with a mean maximum of 25 °C (77 °F) and a mean minimum of 15 °C (59 °F). In the hilly areas of Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram, winters are cold while summers are cool. The plains in Manipur has colder winter minimums than what is warranted by its elevation owing to being surrounded by hills on all sides. This
6500-483: The eastern hills of Nagaland, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh, a ( Cfb/CWb ) climate prevails with warm summers. Locations above 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Meghalaya, parts of Nagaland, and northern Arunachal Pradesh have a ( Cfc/Cwc ) climate with short and cool summers. Finally, the extreme northern parts of Arunachal Pradesh are classified as humid continental climates with mean winter temperatures below −3 °C (27 °F). Temperatures vary by altitude with
6600-433: The ecosystem, high seismic activity, and floods. The states of Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim have a montane climate with cold, snowy winters and mild summers. Kangchenjunga , the third highest mountain peak in the world rising to an altitude of 8,586 m (28,169 ft), lies in-between the state Sikkim and adjacent country Nepal . Tributaries of the Brahmaputra River in Northeast India: Northeast India has
6700-731: The entire region coming under British control. In the colonial period (1826–1947), North East India was made a part of Bengal Province from 1839 to 1873, after which Colonial Assam became its own province , but which included Sylhet . After Indian Independence from British Rule in 1947, the Northeastern region of British India consisted of Assam and the princely states of Tripura Kingdom and Manipur Kingdom . Subsequently, Manipur and Tripura were made Union Territories of India in 1956 and in 1972 attained fully-fledged statehood. Later, Nagaland attained statehood in 1963, Meghalaya in 1972. Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became full-fledged states on 20 February 1987, being carved out of
6800-647: The first Sikh Guru and founder of Sikhism . As part of the year-long celebrations, NBT India published four books on the teachings and philosophy of Guru Nanak Dev, viz. Guru Nanak Vani by Bhai Jodh Singh ; Nanak Vani by Manjeet Singh; Baramah by renowned artist Siddharth, a coffee table book based on the poetic composition of Guru Nanak Dev; and Sakhian by Jagtaarjeet and illustrated by Gurdeep Singh. These books will be published in different Indian languages including Hindi , Punjabi , Marathi , Sindhi , Kashmiri , Sanskrit and English . Ministry of Education (India) The Ministry of Education ( MoE )
6900-406: The great Hindu epic Mahabharata . The Saptakanda Ramayana in Assamese by Madhava Kandali is considered the first translation of the Sanskrit Ramayana into a modern Indo-Aryan Language . Karbi Ramayana bears witness to the old heritage of written literature in Assam. Two writers from the Northeast, viz., Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya and Mamoni Raisom Goswami , have been awarded Jnanpith ,
7000-418: The highest literary award in India. Hence, Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya was the first Assamese writer and from the Northeast India to receive Jnanpith Award for his Assamese novel Mrityunjay (1979). Mamoni Raisom Goswami was awarded the Jnanpith Award in the year 2000. Nagen Saikia is the first writer from Assam and the Northeast India, to have been conferred the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship by
7100-595: The hilly areas. At the highest altitudes, there is permanent snow cover. In general, the region has 3 seasons: Winter, Summer, and rainy season in which the rainy season coincides with the summer months much like the rest of India. Winter is from early November until mid March while summer is from mid-April to mid-October. Under the Köppen climate classification , the region is divided into 3 broad types: A (tropical climates), C (warm temperate mesothermal climates), and D (snow microthermal climates). The tropical climates are located in parts of Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram, and
7200-401: The jury will be published by NBT. The Shodh Yatri Programme is a unique programme initiated to encourage students to do research on India’s contributions and influences as well as areas of contacts between India and other countries in the neighborhood. In the process, the research findings will also trace the Indian roots in the evolution of their culture and heritage. In pursuing this programme
7300-405: The large territory of Assam. Sikkim was integrated as the eighth North Eastern Council state in 2002. The city of Shillong served as the capital of the Assam province created during British Rule. It remained the capital of undivided Assam until the formation of the state of Meghalaya in 1972. The capital of Assam was shifted to Dispur , a part of Guwahati , and Shillong was designated as
7400-503: The largest higher education systems of the world, just after the United States and China. The department is engaged in bringing world-class opportunities for higher education and research to the country so that Indian students are not found lacking when facing an international platform. For this, the government has launched joint ventures and signed MoUs to help the Indian students benefit from world opinion. The technical education system in
7500-495: The means of the students. So far, NBT has subsidized the publication of more than a thousand titles, mostly in English. The scope of the scheme has been widened to provide assistance for such publications in Indian languages. Launched in the year 1982 the National Book Week is an initiative of the NBT to promote books and the habit of reading in the country. During the National Book Week, held from 14 to 20 November every year,
7600-510: The new outreach programmes are detailed below: Under this initiative, age-group wise books of the Trust have been provided to school children in more than 50 Indian languages including tribal languages. The highlights of the programme are: around 1.5 lakh schools covered; 2 crore books of different genres printed; 16 States and Union Territories covered; 25,000 Readers’ Clubs established; 200+ Braille books in 5 languages; and 300+ illustrated books, chapter books, tactile, silent, e-books etc. India
7700-709: The nodal agency for the promotion of books overseas, the NBT participates in various international book fairs and puts up exhibitions to display select titles brought out by various Indian publishers. Since 1970, NBT has participated in various international book fairs including Frankfurt , Bologna , Jerusalem , Seoul, Sharjah , Beijing, Colombo , Tokyo, Bangkok, Minsk, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Warsaw, Nigeria, Kathmandu, Manila, London , Karachi , Dhaka , Lahore , Abu Dhabi and Jakarta. India’s Guest of Honor Presentations at Frankfurt (2006), Moscow (2009), Beijing (2010), Seoul (2013), Singapore (2014), Abu Dhabi (2019) and Guadalajara , Mexico (2019) were organized by NBT. As part of
7800-405: The north, 1,640 kilometres (1,020 mi) with Myanmar in the east, 1,596 kilometres (992 mi) with Bangladesh in the south-west, 97 kilometres (60 mi) with Nepal in the west, and 455 kilometres (283 mi) with Bhutan in the north-west. It comprises an area of 262,184 square kilometres (101,230 sq mi), almost 8 per cent of that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects
7900-573: The peoples in present-day Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland converted to Christianity under the influence of British (Welsh) missionaries. Since the Moamoria disturbances , the Ahom dynasty was on the decline. The British appeared on the scene in the guise of saviours. In the early 19th century, both the Ahom and the Manipur kingdoms fell to a Burmese invasion . The ensuing First Anglo-Burmese War resulted in
8000-550: The presentations, the NBT coordinated many literary programmes, including seminars, discussions, reading sessions, and authors’ presentations. In addition, a special exhibit of books from India was also put up. NBT's children's books are known for their illustrations, by illustrators such as Pulak Biswas , Jagdish Joshi , Mrinal Mitra, Subir Roy, Atanu Roy , Manjula Padmanabhan , Mickey Patel and Suddhasattwa Basu . Painters Jatin Das and Krishen Khanna have also illustrated books for
8100-530: The public at large in remote, rural and difficult areas. Since its launch in 1992, about 15,000 such exhibitions have been organized across all the states in the country including north-eastern states . The NBT organizes the prestigious annual New Delhi World Book Fair , which is the largest book event in the Afro-Asian region. Over the last four decades the New Delhi World Book Fair has earned itself
8200-415: The publication of reasonably priced books for higher education, NBT gives financial assistance to authors and publishers of textbooks and reference material. Under this scheme for the subsidized publication of books, only such books are subsidized for which a definite need is felt and which relate to subject areas where books of an acceptable standard are either not available or are so expensive as to be beyond
8300-607: The publishing industry, NBT conducts a month-long Training Course in Book Publishing in Delhi. Besides, NBT organizes short-term training courses in publishing in other parts of the country. In addition, NBT has now collaborated with select universities to offer one year post-graduate diploma in publishing studies. With this course NBT has been able to create more skilled human resource for publishing industry. Besides special publishing courses are also held in languages across India. The NBT
8400-407: The reading needs of the youth. The Survey has since been published as a Report by the NBT. The follow-up study in the form of a second Report on the Youth of North-East India: Demographics and Readership, giving an analytical and detailed account of the reading habits of the literate youth in the north-eastern states and their exposure to different forms of media, was also published by the NBT. As
8500-442: The region is rich with the practice of hunting, land cultivation and indigenous crafts. The rich culture is vibrant and visible with the traditional attires of each community. All states in Northeast India share the handicrafts of bamboo and cane , wood carving , making traditional weapons and musical instruments, pottery and handloom weaving. Traditional tribal attires are made of thick fabrics primarily with cotton. Assam silk
8600-525: The region like Arunachal Pradesh , Meghalaya , Mizoram , and Nagaland are predominantly inhabited by tribal people with a degree of diversity even within the tribal groups. The region's population results from ancient and continuous flows of migrations from Tibet, Indo-Gangetic India, the Himalayas, present Bangladesh, and Myanmar. These ethnic groups form significant majorities in the states/regions of Northeast India: These ethnic groups form minorities in
8700-532: The region to the rest of mainland India . The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the north eastern states. Long after induction of NEC, Sikkim formed part of the North Eastern Region as the eighth state in 2002. India's Look-East connectivity projects connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN . The city of Guwahati in Assam
8800-483: The region, archaeological researchers believe that early settlers of Northeast India had domesticated several important plants. Historians believe that the 100 BCE writings of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian indicate an early trade route via Northeast India. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions a people called Sêsatai in the region, who produced malabathron (cinnamon-like aromatic leaves, dried and used as
8900-410: The region, the average date of onset of the monsoons is 1 June. Southern areas are the first to receive the monsoon (May or June) with the Brahmaputra valley and the mountainous north receiving later (later May or June). In the hilly parts of Mizoram, the closer proximity to the Bay of Bengal causes it to experience early monsoons with June being the wettest season. The North Eastern Region of India
9000-536: The remaining three are present in other endemic and secondary areas. Eleven of the 22 restricted-range species found in this region are considered as threatened ( Birdlife International 2001), a number greater than in any other EBA of India. Northeast India is very rich in faunal diversity . There are as many as 15 species of non-human primates and most important of them are hoolock gibbon , stumptied macaque , pigtailed macaque, golden langur, hanuman langur and rhesus monkey. The most important and endangered species
9100-542: The state. Main languages of North East India Among other Indo-Aryan languages, Chakma is spoken in Mizoram and Hajong in Assam and Meghalaya. Nepali , an Indo-Aryan language, is dominant in Sikkim , besides the Sino-Tibetan languages Limbu , Bhutia , Lepcha , Rai , Tamang , Sherpa , etc. Bengali was made the official language of Colonial Assam from 1836 to 1873. Religion in Northeast India (2011) Hinduism
9200-548: The states of Northeast India: The Manipuri Raas Leela dance (from Manipur ) and the Sattriya (from Assam ) have been included in the elite category of the " Classical Dances of India ", as officially recognised by both the Sangeet Natak Akademi and the Ministry of Culture (India) . Besides these, all tribes in Northeast India have their own folk dances associated with their religion and festivals. The tribal heritage in
9300-529: The states of the region, higher than the national average at 17.64 per cent; while Nagaland recorded the lowest in the entire country with a negative 0.5 per cent. According to 2011 Census of India , the largest cities in Northeast India are UA: Urban Agglomeration Northeast India constitutes a single linguistic region within the Indian national context, with about 220 languages in multiple language families ( Indo-European , Sino-Tibetan , Kra–Dai , Austroasiatic , as well as some creole languages) that share
9400-466: The theme at the MyGov.in website. Forty students (20 boys and 20 girls) were shortlisted for the interview which was conducted through Skype, in which ten students were selected as winners. A felicitation ceremony for the winners of the online Shodh Yatri contest was held at the New Delhi World Book Fair 2017. The winners were felicitated with a certificate, wooden replica of Ashoka Stambh, and Rs. 10,000/-. In
9500-407: The two Guest Country Presentations. NBT plays an important role in promoting books and the habit of reading by organizing book fairs and exhibitions throughout the country. As the nodal body for the promotion of books both in India and abroad, NBT: The NBT also operates on innovative scheme of exhibition of books through mobile vans, ‘Pustak Parikramas’ across the country to make books accessible to
9600-479: The warmest places being in the Brahmaputra and Barak River plains and the coldest at the highest altitudes. It is also influenced by proximity to the sea with the valleys and western areas being close to the sea, which moderates temperatures. Generally, temperatures in the hilly and mountainous areas are lower than the plains which lie at a lower altitude. Summer temperatures tend to be more uniform than winter temperatures due to high cloud cover and humidity. In
9700-415: Was appointed as first Chief Innovation Officer. In April 2016, Ministry of Human Resource Development published the first list of rankings of Indian colleges under National Institutional Ranking Framework . The entire ranking exercise involved NBA, All India Council for Technical Education , UGC, Thomson Reuters, Elsevier and INFLIBNET (Information & Library Network) centre. The ranking framework
9800-535: Was launched in September 2015. All 122 centrally-funded institutions – including all central universities, IITs and IIMs – participated in the first round of ranking. The minister of education , formerly the minister of human resources development (1985–2020), is the head of the Ministry of Education and one of the cabinet ministers of the Government of India . (Minister of Human Resource Development) Northeast India Northeast India , officially
9900-504: Was passed on 29 July 2020 by the Union Council of Ministers. The NEP 2020 replaced the existing National Policy on Education 1986. Under the NEP 2020, the name of the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD) was changed to Ministry of Education (MoE). Numerous new educational institutes, bodies and concepts were legislated under NEP 2020. The Department of School Education and Literacy
10000-625: Was the Guest of Honor Country at Abu Dhabi International Book Fair (24-30 April 2019) and at the Guadalajara Book Fair (30 Nov-8 Dec 2019). National Book Trust, India was designated by the Ministry of HRD , Government of India as the nodal agency to coordinate the Guest Country Presentations at the international book fairs. A 100+ strong delegation composed of authors, science communicators, children writers, storytellers, artists, publishing professionals participated in each of
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