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139-397: Natalie Maria Cole (February 6, 1950 – December 31, 2015) was an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She was the daughter of singer and jazz pianist Nat King Cole . She rose to prominence in the mid-1970s, with the release of her debut album Inseparable (1975), along with the song " This Will Be (An Everlasting Love) ", and the album's title track . Its success led to her receiving

278-612: A $ 100,000 prize. That year, she and Al Jarreau sang "Mr. President" on the television special Comic Relief special. After Johnny Mathis appeared on a special of Cole's in 1980, the two kept in contact, and in 1992 he invited her to be a part of his television special A Tribute to Nat Cole for the BBC in England. An album of the same name was released. In 1992, following the success of the Unforgettable: With Love album, PBS broadcast

417-456: A Woman Who Knows (2002) continued her jazz aspirations, while Leavin (2006) was an album of pop, rock, and R&B songs. Her version of "Daydreaming" by Aretha Franklin was a minor hit on the R&;B chart. In 2008, seventeen years after Unforgettable... with Love , she released Still Unforgettable , which included songs made famous by her father and Frank Sinatra. In April 2012, she appeared on

556-749: A brief lag in cerebral growth. Increased aggression, clinging behavior, alienation, psychosomatic illnesses, and an elevated risk of adult depression are among the long-term consequences. \ According to attachment theory, which is a psychological concept, people's capacity to develop healthy social and emotional ties later in life is greatly impacted by their early relationships with their primary caregivers, especially during infancy. This suggests that humans have an inbuilt need to develop strong bonds with caregivers in order to survive and be healthy. Childhood attachment styles can have an impact on how people behave in adult social situations, including romantic partnerships. A significant debate in developmental psychology

695-427: A capacity abruptly shows up or disappears. Although some sorts of considering, feeling or carrying on could seem to seem abruptly, it is more than likely that this has been developing gradually for some time. Stage theories of development rest on the suspicion that development may be a discontinuous process including particular stages which are characterized by subjective contrasts in behavior. They moreover assume that

834-481: A certain attachment issue. The Adult Attachment Interview is a tool that is similar to the Strange Situation Test but instead focuses attachment issues found in adults. Both tests have helped many researchers gain more information on the risks and how to identify them. Theorists have proposed four types of attachment styles: secure, anxious-avoidant, anxious-resistant, and disorganized. Secure attachment

973-448: A child's development should be examined during problem-solving activities. Unlike Piaget, he claimed that timely and sensitive intervention by adults when a child is on the edge of learning a new task (called the "zone of proximal development") could help children learn new tasks. Zone of proximal development is a tool used to explain the learning of children and collaborating problem solving activities with an adult or peer. This adult role

1112-580: A commentator in The American Negro , "would be supporting his 'traitor' ideas and narrow way of thinking". Deeply hurt by the criticism in the black press, Cole was chastened. Emphasizing his opposition to racial segregation "in any form", he agreed to join other entertainers in boycotting segregated venues. He paid $ 500 to become a lifetime member of the Detroit branch of the NAACP. Until his death in 1965, Cole

1251-428: A continuous process. A few see advancement as a discontinuous process. They accept advancement includes unmistakable and partitioned stages with diverse sorts of behavior happening in each organization. This proposes that the development of certain capacities in each arrange, such as particular feelings or ways of considering, have a definite beginning and finishing point. Be that as it may, there's no correct time at which

1390-447: A crusade against racism. The Chicago Defender said that Cole's performances for all-white audiences were an insult to his race. The New York Amsterdam News said that "thousands of Harlem blacks who have worshiped at the shrine of singer Nat King Cole turned their backs on him this week as the noted crooner turned his back on the NAACP and said that he will continue to play to Jim Crow audiences". To play "Uncle Nat's" discs, wrote

1529-821: A developmental process that he called, "equilibration." Piaget argued that intellectual development takes place through a series of stages generated through the equilibration process. Each stage consists of steps the child must master before moving to the next step. He believed that these stages are not separate from one another, but rather that each stage builds on the previous one in a continuous learning process. He proposed four stages: sensorimotor , pre-operational , concrete operational , and formal operational . Though he did not believe these stages occurred at any given age, many studies have determined when these cognitive abilities should take place. Piaget claimed that logic and morality develop through constructive stages. Expanding on Piaget's work, Lawrence Kohlberg determined that

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1668-814: A difficult relationship with her mother. Cole attended The Buckley School , a private school in Sherman Oaks, California, and then enrolled in the University of Massachusetts Amherst . She transferred briefly to University of Southern California , where she pledged the Upsilon chapter of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She later transferred back to the University of Massachusetts, where she majored in Child Psychology and minored in German , graduating in 1972. Cole grew up listening to

1807-468: A family and becoming involved in the community. The eighth stage is "Ego Integrity vs. Despair". When one grows old, they look back on their life and contemplate their successes and failures. If they resolve this positively, the virtue of wisdom is gained. This is also the stage when one can gain a sense of closure and accept death without regret or fear. Michael Commons enhanced and simplified Bärbel Inhelder and Piaget's developmental theory and offers

1946-399: A father's job requiring more overtime ends up influencing his daughter's performance in school because he can no longer help with her homework). The macrosystem is broader taking into account social economic status, culture, beliefs, customs and morals (example: a child from a wealthier family sees a peer from a less wealthy family as inferior for that reason). Lastly, the chronosystem refers to

2085-557: A gold success thanks to the funk -influenced cut " Sophisticated Lady " and the jazz -influenced "Mr. Melody". Cole released her first platinum record with her third release, Unpredictable , mainly thanks to the number-one R&B hit " I've Got Love on My Mind ". Originally an album track, the album's closer, "I'm Catching Hell", nonetheless became a popular Cole song during live concert shows. Later in 1977, Cole issued her fourth release and second platinum album, Thankful , which included another signature Cole hit, " Our Love ". Cole

2224-573: A half-sister, Joyce Coles. Each of the Coles brothers pursued careers in music. When Cole was four years old, the family moved to Chicago, Illinois , where his father, Edward, became a Baptist minister. Cole learned to play the organ from his mother, Perlina Coles, the church organist. His first performance was " Yes! We Have No Bananas " at the age of four. Cole began formal piano lessons at 12, learning jazz , gospel , and classical music "from Johann Sebastian Bach to Sergei Rachmaninoff ". As

2363-574: A hierarchy. These axioms are: a) defined in terms of tasks at the next lower order of hierarchical complexity task action; b) defined as the higher order task action that organizes two or more less complex actions; that is, the more complex action specifies the way in which the less complex actions combine; c) defined as the lower order task actions have to be carried out non-arbitrarily. Ecological systems theory, originally formulated by Urie Bronfenbrenner , specifies four types of nested environmental systems, with bi-directional influences within and between

2502-562: A holiday album, Holly & Ivy , also became gold. Another standards release, Stardust , went platinum and featured another duet with her father on a modern version of " When I Fall in Love ", which helped Cole earn another Grammy for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . In 1995, Cole was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the Berklee College of Music . In 1999, Cole returned to her 1980s-era urban contemporary recording style with

2641-759: A lapsed Episcopalian to become a devout Baptist. Cole and Yancy divorced in 1980. Yancy died of a heart attack in 1985, aged 34. In 1989, Cole married record producer and former drummer for the band Rufus , Andre Fischer. They divorced in 1995. In 2001, Cole married Bishop Kenneth Dupree. They divorced in 2004. In 2017, her son Robbie died of a heart attack, aged 39. Cole was active in the Afghan World Foundation cause, supporting Sonia Nassery Cole (no relation). In 2000, Cole released an autobiography, Angel on My Shoulder , which described her battle with drugs during much of her life, including heroin and crack cocaine . At one stage of her addiction, Cole worked as

2780-670: A medley of two Oscar-nominated songs: " Run to You " and " I Have Nothing ", both performed by Whitney Houston in the film The Bodyguard . Cole made a number of dramatic appearances on television, including I'll Fly Away , Touched by an Angel , Law & Order: Special Victims Unit , and Grey's Anatomy . She had the lead role in the TV movie Lily in Winter . She appeared in the Cole Porter biopic De-Lovely . In 2001, she starred as herself in Livin' for Love:

2919-400: A person experiences is represented by a stage of psychosexual development. These stages symbolize the process of arriving to become a maturing adult. The first is the oral stage , which begins at birth and ends around a year and a half of age. During the oral stage, the child finds pleasure in behaviors like sucking or other behaviors with the mouth. The second is the anal stage , from about

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3058-467: A prostitute's tout in order to fund her drug habit. Cole said she began recreational drug use while attending the University of Massachusetts Amherst . She was arrested in Toronto, Canada, for possession of heroin in 1975. Cole spiraled out of control in this phase of her life. There was an incident in which she refused to leave a burning building, and another in which her young son Robert nearly drowned in

3197-503: A range of fields, such as educational psychology , child psychopathology , forensic developmental psychology , child development , cognitive psychology , ecological psychology , and cultural psychology . Influential developmental psychologists from the 20th century include Urie Bronfenbrenner , Erik Erikson , Sigmund Freud , Anna Freud , Jean Piaget , Barbara Rogoff , Esther Thelen , and Lev Vygotsky . Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John B. Watson are typically cited as providing

3336-517: A result. In 1983, following the release of her album I'm Ready , released on Epic , Cole entered a rehab facility in Connecticut and stayed there for six months. Following her release, she signed with the Atco imprint Modern Records and released Dangerous , which started a slow resurgence for Cole in terms of record sales and chart success. In 1987, she changed to EMI-Manhattan Records and released

3475-481: A serious operation and... the future looks bright for 'the master' to resume his career again". On Valentine's Day, Cole and his wife briefly left St. John's to drive by the sea. Cole died at the hospital early in the morning hours of Monday, February 15, 1965, at the age of 45. Cole's funeral was held on February 18 at St. James' Episcopal Church on Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles; 400 people were present inside

3614-523: A special based on the album. Unforgettable, With Love: Natalie Cole Sings the Songs of Nat "King" Cole received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Program. Cole received a nomination for Outstanding Individual Performance but lost to Bette Midler . In 1993, she was among the guests of honor attending Wrestlemania IX at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. At the 65th Academy Awards she performed

3753-538: A standard method of examining the universal pattern of development. The Model of Hierarchical Complexity (MHC) is not based on the assessment of domain-specific information, It divides the Order of Hierarchical Complexity of tasks to be addressed from the Stage performance on those tasks. A stage is the order hierarchical complexity of the tasks the participant's successfully addresses. He expanded Piaget's original eight stage (counting

3892-488: A studio in Chicago that was owned by Curtis Mayfield . Her demo tapes led to a contract with Capitol , resulting in the release of Cole's debut album, Inseparable , which included songs that reminded listeners of Aretha Franklin . Franklin later contended that songs such as " This Will Be ", "I Can't Say No", and others were offered to her while she was recording the album You but she had turned them down. Released in 1975,

4031-486: A successful career as a singer before dying of congestive heart failure at age 65; an adopted daughter, Carole (1944–2009, the daughter of Maria's sister), who died of lung cancer at the age of 64; an adopted son, Nat Kelly Cole (1959–1995), who died of AIDS at the age of 36; and twin daughters, Casey and Timolin, born September 26, 1961. Maria supported Cole during his final illness and stayed with him until his death. In an interview, she emphasized his musical legacy and

4170-490: A telegram that said: You have not been a crusader or engaged in an effort to change the customs or laws of the South. That responsibility, newspapers quote you as saying, you leave to the other guys. That attack upon you clearly indicates that organized bigotry makes no distinction between those who do not actively challenge racial discrimination and those who do. This is a fight which none of us can escape. We invite you to join us in

4309-483: A variety of music that included Aretha Franklin and Janis Joplin . After graduation in 1972 she began singing at small clubs with her band, Black Magic. Clubs initially welcomed her because she was Nat King Cole's daughter, only to be disappointed when she began singing cover versions of R&B and rock songs. With the assistance of Chuck Jackson and Marvin Yancy, a songwriting and producing duo, she recorded some songs in

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4448-428: A year or a year and a half to three years of age. During the anal stage, the child defecates from the anus and is often fascinated with its defecation. This period of development often occurs during the time when the child is being toilet trained. The child becomes interested with feces and urine. Children begin to see themselves as independent from their parents. They begin to desire assertiveness and autonomy. The third

4587-612: A youth, Cole joined the news delivery boys' " Bud Billiken Club " band for The Chicago Defender . Cole and his family moved to the Bronzeville neighborhood of Chicago, where Cole attended Wendell Phillips Academy High School , the school Sam Cooke attended a few years later. Cole participated in Walter Dyett 's music program at DuSable High School . He would sneak out of the house to visit clubs, sitting outside to hear Louis Armstrong , Earl Hines , and Jimmie Noone . When he

4726-517: Is "Industry (competence) vs. Inferiority". The virtue for this stage is competency and is the result of the child's early experiences in school. This stage is when the child will try to win the approval of others and understand the value of their accomplishments. The fifth stage is "Identity vs. Role Confusion". The virtue gained is fidelity and it takes place in adolescence. This is when the child ideally starts to identify their place in society, particularly in terms of their gender role. The sixth stage

4865-410: Is "Initiative vs. Guilt". The virtue of being gained is a sense of purpose. This takes place primarily via play. This is the stage where the child will be curious and have many interactions with other kids. They will ask many questions as their curiosity grows. If too much guilt is present, the child may have a slower and harder time interacting with their world and other children in it. The fourth stage

5004-408: Is "Intimacy vs. Isolation", which happens in young adults and the virtue gained is love. This is when the person starts to share his/her life with someone else intimately and emotionally. Not doing so can reinforce feelings of isolation. The seventh stage is "Generativity vs. Stagnation". This happens in adulthood and the virtue gained is care. A person becomes stable and starts to give back by raising

5143-419: Is a healthy attachment between the infant and the caregiver. It is characterized by trust. Anxious-avoidant is an insecure attachment between an infant and a caregiver. This is characterized by the infant's indifference toward the caregiver. Anxious-resistant is an insecure attachment between the infant and the caregiver characterized by distress from the infant when separated and anger when reunited. Disorganized

5282-467: Is a research paradigm that applies the basic principles of Darwinian evolution , particularly natural selection , to understand the development of human behavior and cognition. It involves the study of both the genetic and environmental mechanisms that underlie the development of social and cognitive competencies, as well as the epigenetic ( gene-environment interactions ) processes that adapt these competencies to local conditions. EDP considers both

5421-408: Is an attachment style without a consistent pattern of responses upon return of the parent. It is possible to prevent a child's innate propensity to develop bonds. Some infants are kept in isolation or subjected to severe neglect or abuse, or they are raised without the stimulation and care of a regular caregiver. This deprivation may cause short-term consequences such as separation, rage, despair, and

5560-459: Is characterized by reasoning based on rules and conventions of society. Lastly, post-conventional moral reasoning is a stage during which the individual sees society's rules and conventions as relative and subjective, rather than as authoritative. Kohlberg used the Heinz Dilemma to apply to his stages of moral development. The Heinz Dilemma involves Heinz's wife dying from cancer and Heinz having

5699-438: Is discontinuous or continuous. Continuous development is quantifiable and quantitative, whereas discontinuous development is qualitative. Quantitative estimations of development can be measuring the stature of a child, and measuring their memory or consideration span. "Particularly dramatic examples of qualitative changes are metamorphoses, such as the emergence of a caterpillar into a butterfly." Those psychologists who bolster

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5838-741: Is located in the central lawn area of the 'Court of Freedom' section, Garden of Honor; there is no public access to her grave. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences . Cole received nine awards from 21 nominations. Latin Grammys The Latin Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences . Nat King Cole Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965), known professionally by his stage name Nat King Cole ,

5977-469: Is often referred to as the skilled "master", whereas the child is considered the learning apprentice through an educational process often termed " cognitive apprenticeship " Martin Hill stated that "The world of reality does not apply to the mind of a child." This technique is called "scaffolding", because it builds upon knowledge children already have with new knowledge that adults can help the child learn. Vygotsky

6116-415: Is regarded by many as a key turning point in the decline in the prominence of the theory of behaviorism generally. But Skinner's conception of "Verbal Behavior" has not died, perhaps in part because it has generated successful practical applications. Maybe there could be "strong interactions of both nature and nurture". One of the major discussions in developmental psychology includes whether development

6255-522: Is the genital stage , which takes place from puberty until adulthood. During the genital stage, puberty begins to occur. Children have now matured, and begin to think about other people instead of just themselves. Pleasure comes from feelings of affection from other people. Freud believed there is tension between the conscious and unconscious because the conscious tries to hold back what the unconscious tries to express. To explain this, he developed three personality structures: id, ego, and superego. The id,

6394-425: Is the phallic stage , which occurs from three to five years of age (most of a person's personality forms by this age). During the phallic stage, the child becomes aware of its sexual organs. Pleasure comes from finding acceptance and love from the opposite sex. The fourth is the latency stage , which occurs from age five until puberty. During the latency stage, the child's sexual interests are repressed. Stage five

6533-528: Is the best-selling Christmas album released in the 1960s; and was ranked as one of the 40 essential Christmas albums (2019) by Rolling Stone . In 2022, Cole's recording of " The Christmas Song ", broke the record for the longest journey to the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 , when it peaked at number nine, 62 years after it debuted on the chart; and was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in

6672-441: Is the debate of nature vs nurture. According to an empiricist viewpoint, those processes are learned through interaction with the environment. Today developmental psychologists rarely take such polarized positions with regard to most aspects of development; rather they investigate, among many other things, the relationship between innate and environmental influences. One of the ways this relationship has been explored in recent years

6811-431: Is the relationship between innateness and environmental influence in regard to any particular aspect of development. This is often referred to as " nature and nurture " or nativism versus empiricism . A nativist account of development would argue that the processes in question are innate, that is, they are specified by the organism's genes . What makes a person who they are? Is it their environment or their genetics? This

6950-402: Is through the emerging field of evolutionary developmental psychology . The dispute over innateness has been well represented in the field of language acquisition studies. A major question in this area is whether or not certain properties of human language are specified genetically or can be acquired through learning . The empiricist position on the issue of language acquisition suggests that

7089-409: Is to organize one's experiential world, instead of the ontological world around them. Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist, proposed that learning is an active process because children learn through experience and make mistakes and solve problems. Piaget proposed that learning should be whole by helping students understand that meaning is constructed. Evolutionary developmental psychology

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7228-404: Is when a person constructs knowledge through cognitive processes of their own experiences rather than by memorizing facts provided by others. Social constructivism is when individuals construct knowledge through an interaction between the knowledge they bring to a situation and social or cultural exchanges within that content. A foundational concept of constructivism is that the purpose of cognition

7367-750: The Billboard chart. Love Is the Thing went to number one in April 1957 and remained his only number one album. In 1959, Cole received a Grammy Award for Best Performance By a "Top 40" Artist for "Midnight Flyer". In 1958, Cole went to Havana, Cuba, to record Cole Español , an album sung entirely in Spanish. It was so popular in Latin America and the U.S. that it was followed by two more Spanish-language albums: A Mis Amigos (1959) and More Cole Español (1962). After

7506-547: The Grammy Award for Best New Artist at the 18th Annual Grammy Awards , for which she became the first African-American recipient as well as the first R&B act to win the award. The singles " Sophisticated Lady " (1976), " I've Got Love on My Mind ", and " Our Love " (1977) followed. After releasing several albums, she departed from her R&B sound and returned as a pop singer on the 1987 album Everlasting , along with her cover of Bruce Springsteen 's " Pink Cadillac ". In

7645-623: The NBC variety series The Nat King Cole Show , which became the first nationally broadcast television show hosted by an African American. Some of Cole's most notable singles include " Unforgettable ", " Smile ", " L-O-V-E ", " Nature Boy ", " When I Fall in Love ", " Let There Be Love ", " Mona Lisa ", " Autumn Leaves ", " Stardust ", " Straighten Up and Fly Right ", " The Very Thought of You ", " For Sentimental Reasons ", " Embraceable You " and " Almost Like Being in Love ". His 1960 Christmas album The Magic of Christmas (also known as The Christmas Song ),

7784-646: The Peabo Bryson duet album, We're the Best of Friends . Both albums reached gold status in the U.S., reflecting her continuing popularity. Following the release of her eighth album, 1980's Don't Look Back , Cole's career began to take a detour. While Cole scored an adult contemporary hit with the soft rock ballad "Someone That I Used to Love" off the album, the album itself failed to go gold. In 1981, Cole's personal problems, including battles with drug addiction , began to attract public notice, and her career suffered as

7923-571: The Pennington Great Performers with the Baton Rouge Symphony Orchestra. Cole pursued a career in acting. She appeared several times in concerts or other music related programs, including the 1988 Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute with sidemen Richard Campbell , Jeffrey Worrell, Eddie Cole , and Dave Joyce. In 1990, Cole hosted the TV show Big Break , a talent competition where singers and musicians competed for

8062-516: The Scottish Rite Freemasonry , becoming a 32nd Degree Mason. Cole was "an avid baseball fan", particularly of Hank Aaron . In 1968, Nelson Riddle related an incident from some years earlier and told of music studio engineers, searching for a source of noise, finding Cole listening to a game on a transistor radio. Cole met his first wife, Nadine Robinson, while they were on tour for the all-black Broadway musical Shuffle Along . Cole

8201-458: The built environment . Ongoing debates in regards to developmental psychology include biological essentialism vs. neuroplasticity and stages of development vs. dynamic systems of development. Research in developmental psychology has some limitations but at the moment researchers are working to understand how transitioning through stages of life and biological factors may impact our behaviors and development . Developmental psychology involves

8340-469: The evolutionary theory of Darwin began seeking an evolutionary description of psychological development ; prominent here was the pioneering psychologist G. Stanley Hall , who attempted to correlate ages of childhood with previous ages of humanity . James Mark Baldwin , who wrote essays on topics that included Imitation: A Chapter in the Natural History of Consciousness and Mental Development in

8479-483: The "new Aretha Franklin" started a rivalry between the two singers. The feud boiled over at the 1976 Grammy Awards when Cole beat Franklin in the Best Female R&;B Vocal Performance category, a category which Franklin had won eight times before losing to Cole. Becoming an instant star, Cole responded to critics who predicted a sophomore slump with Natalie , released in 1976. The album, like Inseparable , became

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8618-515: The 1940s. Cole's trio was the model for small jazz ensembles that followed. Starting in 1950, he transitioned to become a solo singer billed as Nat King Cole. Despite achieving mainstream success, Cole faced intense racial discrimination during his career. While not a major vocal public figure in the civil rights movement , Cole was a member of his local NAACP branch and participated in the 1963 March on Washington . He regularly performed for civil rights organizations. From 1956 to 1957, Cole hosted

8757-539: The 1990s, she sang traditional pop by her father, resulting in her biggest success, Unforgettable... with Love , which was certified 7× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Unforgettable... with Love won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year , for which Cole became the first African-American woman to win the award. Throughout her lifetime, Cole received nine Grammy Awards ,

8896-563: The American South. He said he could not change the situation in a day. He contributed money to the Montgomery bus boycott and previously sued Northern hotels that had hired him but refused to serve him. Thurgood Marshall , then-the chief legal counsel of the NAACP , said "All Cole needs to complete his role as an Uncle Tom is a banjo ." Roy Wilkins , executive secretary of the NAACP, wrote him

9035-562: The Child and the Race: Methods and Processes , was significantly involved in the theory of developmental psychology. Sigmund Freud , whose concepts were developmental, significantly affected public perceptions. Sigmund Freud developed a theory that suggested that humans behave as they do because they are constantly seeking pleasure. This process of seeking pleasure changes through stages because people evolve. Each period of seeking pleasure that

9174-566: The Downbeat Jazz Hall of Fame (1997), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (2000), and the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame (2020). Cole was the father of singer Natalie Cole (1950–2015), who covered her father's songs in the 1991 album Unforgettable... with Love . Nathaniel Adams Coles was born in Montgomery, Alabama , on March 17, 1919. He had three brothers: Eddie (1910–1970), Ike (1927–2001), and Freddy (1931–2020), and

9313-486: The King Cole Trio before making radio transcriptions and recording for small labels. Cole recorded " Sweet Lorraine " in 1940, and it became his first hit. According to legend, his career as a vocalist started when a drunken bar patron demanded that Cole sing the song. He said that this fabricated story sounded good, so Cole did not argue with it. There was a customer one night who demanded that he sing, but because it

9452-870: The Natalie Cole Story , for which she received the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. On the February 5, 2007, episode of Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , Cole sang "I Say a Little Prayer" at a benefit dinner. She sang the national anthem with the Atlanta University Center Chorus at Super Bowl XXVIII. In 2013, she was a guest on Tina Sinatra's Father's Day Special on Sirius Radio. The program included Deana Martin , Monica Mancini , and Daisy Torme reminiscing about their famous fathers. Cole

9591-633: The Pop chart), " Dear Lonely Hearts " (No. 13), " That Sunday, That Summer " (No. 12) and " Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer " (his final top-ten hit, reaching number 6 on the Pop chart). Cole performed in many short films, sitcoms, and television shows and played W. C. Handy in the film St. Louis Blues (1958). Cole appeared in The Nat King Cole Story , China Gate , and The Blue Gardenia (1953). In January 1964, Cole made one of his final television appearances, on The Jack Benny Program . He

9730-646: The Snowman ", " Mona Lisa " (No. 1 song of 1950), " Orange Colored Sky " (1950), " Too Young " (the No. 1 song of 1951). On June 7, 1953, Cole performed for the ninth Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at Wrigley Field in Chicago which was produced by Leon Hefflin, Sr. . Featured that day were Roy Brown and his Orchestra, Shorty Rogers , Earl Bostic , Don Tosti and His Mexican Jazzmen, and Louis Armstrong and his All Stars with Velma Middleton . On November 5, 1956, The Nat 'King' Cole Show debuted on NBC. The variety program

9869-697: The United States National Recording Registry . NPR named him one of the 50 Great Voices . Cole received numerous accolades including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (1960) and a Special Achievement Golden Globe Award . Posthumously, Cole has received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1990), along with the Sammy Cahn Lifetime Achievement Award (1992) and has been inducted into

10008-471: The Year , Record of the Year and Best Traditional Pop Vocal Performance for the top song. Alongside signing for new material with Elektra, she transferred rights of her EMI-Manhattan catalog. Cole followed that success with another album of jazz standards, titled Take a Look , in 1993, which included her recording of the title track in the same styling that her idol Aretha Franklin had recorded nearly 30 years earlier. The album eventually went gold while

10147-550: The adult's role in helping the child learn was to provide appropriate materials. In his interview techniques with children that formed an empirical basis for his theories, he used something similar to Socratic questioning to get children to reveal their thinking. He argued that a principal source of development was through the child's inevitable generation of contradictions through their interactions with their physical and social worlds. The child's resolution of these contradictions led to more integrated and advanced forms of interaction,

10286-568: The affluent Hancock Park district of Los Angeles. Regarding her childhood, Cole referred to her family as "the black Kennedys " and was exposed to many great singers of jazz , soul and blues . Cole sang on her father's 1960 Christmas album The Magic of Christmas and later started performing at age 11. Cole grew up with an older adopted sister, Carole "Cookie" Cole (1944–2009), her mother Maria's younger sister's daughter, adopted brother Nat "Kelly" Cole (1959–1995), and younger twin sisters Timolin and Casey (born 1961). Through her mother, Cole

10425-519: The age of 65. Cole's publicist said the singer's death was the result of congestive heart failure , which her family said was a complication of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension , which she had been diagnosed with after her kidney transplant in 2009. Her family said in a statement, "Natalie fought a fierce, courageous battle, dying how she lived... with dignity, strength and honor. Our beloved mother and sister will be greatly missed and remain unforgettable in our hearts forever." Cole's funeral

10564-529: The aisles of the auditorium towards Cole. Local law enforcement quickly ended their invasion of the stage, but not until Cole was toppled from his piano bench and received a slight injury to his back. He did not finish the concert. Police later found rifles, a blackjack , and brass knuckles , in a car outside the venue. A fourth member of the group was later arrested. All were tried and convicted. Six men, including 23-year-old Willie Richard Vinson, were formally charged with assault with intent to murder Cole, but

10703-442: The album Everlasting , which returned her to the top of the charts thanks to singles such as "Jump Start (My Heart)", the top ten ballad, " I Live for Your Love ", and her dance-pop cover of Bruce Springsteen 's " Pink Cadillac ". That success helped Everlasting reach one million in sales and become Cole's first platinum album in ten years. In 1989, she released her follow-up to Everlasting , Good to Be Back , which produced

10842-496: The album became an instant success thanks to "This Will Be", which became a top ten hit and won her a Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance . A second single, " Inseparable ", also became a hit. Both songs reached number-one on the R&B chart. Cole won Best New Artist at the Grammy Awards for her accomplishments, making her the first African-American artist to attain that feat. The media's billing of Cole as

10981-424: The arrangements focus primarily on the vocal rather than instrumental leads. Cole had one of his last major hits in 1963, two years before his death, with " Those Lazy-Hazy-Crazy Days of Summer ", which reached number 6 on the Pop chart. " Unforgettable " was made famous again in 1991 by Cole's daughter Natalie when modern recording technology was used to reunite father and daughter in a duet. The duet version rose to

11120-480: The change in musical tastes, Cole's ballads appealed little to young listeners, despite a successful attempt at rock and roll with " Send for Me ", which peaked at number 6 on the pop chart. Like Dean Martin , Frank Sinatra , and Tony Bennett , Cole found that the pop chart had been taken over by youth-oriented acts. In 1960, Cole's longtime collaborator Nelson Riddle left Capitol to join Reprise Records , which

11259-432: The charges against four of them was later changed to conspiracy to commit a misdemeanor. The original plan to attack Cole included 150 men from Birmingham and nearby towns. "I can't understand it," Cole said afterwards. "I have not taken part in any protests. Nor have I joined an organization fighting segregation. Why should they attack me?" Cole wanted to forget the incident and continued to play for segregated audiences in

11398-424: The chronological nature of life events and how they interact and change the individual and their circumstances through transition (example: a mother losing her own mother to illness and no longer having that support in her life). Since its publication in 1979, Bronfenbrenner's major statement of this theory, The Ecology of Human Development , has had widespread influence on the way psychologists and others approach

11537-400: The church, and thousands gathered outside. Hundreds of members of the public had filed past the coffin the day before. Honorary pallbearers included Robert F. Kennedy , Count Basie , Frank Sinatra , Sammy Davis Jr. , Johnny Mathis , George Burns , Danny Thomas , Jimmy Durante , Alan Livingston , Frankie Laine , Steve Allen , and Pat Brown , the governor of California . The eulogy

11676-497: The class he exhibited despite his imperfections. In August 1948, Cole purchased a house from Col. Harry Gantz, the ex-husband of silent film actress Lois Weber , in the all-white Hancock Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. Shortly thereafter, a burning cross was placed on his front lawn and the property-owners association told Cole they did not want any "undesirables" moving into the neighborhood. Cole responded, "Neither do I. And if I see anybody undesirable coming in here, I'll be

11815-432: The continuous view of improvement propose that improvement includes slow and progressing changes all through the life span, with behavior within the prior stages of advancement giving the premise of abilities and capacities required for the other stages. "To many, the concept of continuous, quantifiable measurement seems to be the essence of science". Not all psychologists, be that as it may, concur that advancement could be

11954-445: The course of a human life. Many theorists have made a profound contribution to this area of psychology. One of them is the psychologist Erik Erikson, who created a model of eight phases of psychosocial development. According to his theory, people go through different phases in their lives, each of which has its own developmental crisis that shapes a person's personality and behavior. In the late 19th century, psychologists familiar with

12093-404: The coveted Christmas number 1 spot. Child Psychology Developmental psychology examines the influences of nature and nurture on the process of human development, as well as processes of change in context across time. Many researchers are interested in the interactions among personal characteristics, the individual's behavior, and environmental factors , including the social context and

12232-439: The cultural values, customs and laws of society. The microsystem is the immediate environment surrounding and influencing the individual (example: school or the home setting). The mesosystem is the combination of two microsystems and how they influence each other (example: sibling relationships at home vs. peer relationships at school). The exosystem is the interaction among two or more settings that are indirectly linked (example:

12371-406: The dilemma to save his wife by stealing a drug. Preconventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality applies to Heinz's situation. German-American psychologist Erik Erikson and his collaborator and wife, Joan Erikson , posits eight stages of individual human development influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors throughout the lifespan. At each stage

12510-438: The disease to her past intravenous drug use. Cole explained in 2009 that hepatitis C had "stayed in [her] body for 25 years, and it could still happen to addicts who are fooling around with drugs, especially needles." Four months after starting treatment for hepatitis C, Cole experienced kidney failure and required dialysis three times a week for nine months. Following her appeal for a kidney on The Larry King Show , she

12649-703: The emergence of individual differences via "adaptive developmental plasticity". From this perspective, human development follows alternative life-history strategies in response to environmental variability, rather than following one species-typical pattern of development. EDP is closely linked to the theoretical framework of evolutionary psychology (EP), but is also distinct from EP in several domains, including research emphasis (EDP focuses on adaptations of ontogeny, as opposed to adaptations of adulthood) and consideration of proximate ontogenetic and environmental factors (i.e., how development happens) in addition to more ultimate factors (i.e., why development happens), which are

12788-460: The family swimming pool while she was on a drug binge. She entered rehab in 1983. Her autobiography was released in conjunction with a made-for-TV movie, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story , which aired December 10, 2000, on NBC and re-aired October 26, 2011, on Centric TV. Cole announced in 2008 that she had been diagnosed with hepatitis C , which is a liver disease that is spread through contact with infected blood. Cole attributed having

12927-493: The first stage is hope, in the infant learning whom to trust and having hope for a supportive group of people to be there for him/her. The second stage is "Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" with the positive virtue being will. This takes place in early childhood when the child learns to become more independent by discovering what they are capable of whereas if the child is overly controlled, feelings of inadequacy are reinforced, which can lead to low self-esteem and doubt. The third stage

13066-692: The first to complain." His dog died after eating poisoned meat, something likely to be connected to his moving to the neighborhood. In 1956, Cole was contracted to perform in Cuba. He wanted to stay at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba in Havana but was refused because it operated a color bar . Cole honored his contract, and the concert at the Tropicana Club was a huge success. The following year, Cole returned to Cuba for another concert, singing many songs in Spanish. Cole

13205-451: The focus of mainstream evolutionary psychology. Attachment theory, originally developed by John Bowlby , focuses on the importance of open, intimate, emotionally meaningful relationships. Attachment is described as a biological system or powerful survival impulse that evolved to ensure the survival of the infant. A threatened or stressed child will move toward caregivers who create a sense of physical, emotional, and psychological safety for

13344-490: The foundation for modern developmental psychology. In the mid-18th century, Jean Jacques Rousseau described three stages of development: infants (infancy), puer (childhood) and adolescence in Emile: Or, On Education . Rousseau's ideas were adopted and supported by educators at the time. Developmental psychology generally focuses on how and why certain changes (cognitive, social, intellectual, personality) occur over time in

13483-456: The full comprehension of the human consciousness. Constructivism is a paradigm in psychology that characterizes learning as a process of actively constructing knowledge. Individuals create meaning for themselves or make sense of new information by selecting, organizing, and integrating information with other knowledge, often in the context of social interactions. Constructivism can occur in two ways: individual and social. Individual constructivism

13622-447: The half stages) to seventeen stages. The stages are: The order of hierarchical complexity of tasks predicts how difficult the performance is with an R ranging from 0.9 to 0.98. In the MHC, there are three main axioms for an order to meet in order for the higher order task to coordinate the next lower order task. Axioms are rules that are followed to determine how the MHC orders actions to form

13761-614: The individual. Attachment feeds on body contact and familiarity. Later Mary Ainsworth developed the Strange Situation protocol and the concept of the secure base. This tool has been found to help understand attachment, such as the Strange Situation Test and the Adult Attachment Interview. Both of which help determine factors to certain attachment styles. The Strange Situation Test helps find "disturbances in attachment" and whether certain attributes are found to contribute to

13900-454: The language input provides the necessary information required for learning the structure of language and that infants acquire language through a process of statistical learning . From this perspective, language can be acquired via general learning methods that also apply to other aspects of development, such as perceptual learning . The nativist position argues that the input from language is too impoverished for infants and children to acquire

14039-462: The most primitive of the three, functions according to the pleasure principle: seek pleasure and avoid pain. The superego plays the critical and moralizing role, while the ego is the organized, realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the superego. Jean Piaget , a Swiss theorist, posited that children learn by actively constructing knowledge through their interactions with their physical and social environments. He suggested that

14178-826: The number seven hit " Miss You Like Crazy ", which became her biggest hit in the United Kingdom by reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart . While the album failed to reach Gold certification in the US, it achieved international success by becoming her only top ten album in the UK, and later being certified Gold there. Cole released her bestselling album with 1991's Unforgettable... with Love on Elektra Records , which saw Cole singing songs her famous father recorded, nearly 20 years after she initially had refused to cover her father's songs during live concerts. Cole produced vocal arrangements for

14317-437: The person must resolve a challenge, or an existential dilemma. Successful resolution of the dilemma results in the person ingraining a positive virtue, but failure to resolve the fundamental challenge of that stage reinforces negative perceptions of the person or the world around them and the person's personal development is unable to progress. The first stage, "Trust vs. Mistrust", takes place in infancy. The positive virtue for

14456-545: The process of moral development was principally concerned with justice, and that it continued throughout the individual's lifetime. He suggested three levels of moral reasoning; pre-conventional moral reasoning, conventional moral reasoning, and post-conventional moral reasoning. The pre-conventional moral reasoning is typical of children and is characterized by reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments associated with different courses of action. Conventional moral reason occurs during late childhood and early adolescence and

14595-628: The program. The last episode aired on December 17, 1957. Commenting on the lack of sponsorship, Cole said shortly after its demise: " Madison Avenue is afraid of the dark." Throughout the 1950s, Cole continued to record hits that sold millions throughout the world, such as " Smile ", " Pretend ", " A Blossom Fell ", and "If I May". His pop hits were collaborations with Nelson Riddle , Gordon Jenkins , and Ralph Carmichael . Riddle arranged several of Cole's 1950s albums, including Nat King Cole Sings for Two in Love (1953), his first 10-inch LP. In 1955, " Darling, Je Vous Aime Beaucoup " reached number 7 on

14734-522: The relationship with Hutton. Cole's illness reconciled him with his wife, and Cole vowed that if he recovered, he would go on television to urge people to stop smoking. On January 25, Cole's entire left lung was surgically removed. His father died of heart problems on February 1. Throughout Cole's illness, his publicists promoted the idea that he would soon be well and working, despite the private knowledge of his terminal condition. Billboard magazine reported that "Nat King Cole has successfully come through

14873-725: The release of Snowfall on the Sahara on June and second Christmas album The Magic of Christmas on October, which recorded with London Symphony Orchestra. A year later, the singer collaborated on the production of her biopic, Livin' for Love: The Natalie Cole Story with Theresa Randle playing Natalie Cole. She also released the compilation Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 to fulfill her contract with Elektra. All albums she recorded for Elektra and EMI-Manhattan are no longer controlled by Warner Music Group; they were sold to Concord Music Group and are available digitally via Craft Recordings division. She changed to Verve Records and released two albums. Ask

15012-500: The reliably developing, species-typical features of ontogeny (developmental adaptations), as well as individual differences in behavior, from an evolutionary perspective. While evolutionary views tend to regard most individual differences as the result of either random genetic noise (evolutionary byproducts) and/or idiosyncrasies (for example, peer groups, education, neighborhoods, and chance encounters) rather than products of natural selection, EDP asserts that natural selection can favor

15151-405: The same reason, including Eddie Laguna, Sam Schmaltz, Nature Boy and A Guy, "or whatever name for himself he could think of, but only as an instrumentalist, never as a vocalist." Cole recorded with Illinois Jacquet and Lester Young . In 1946, the trio broadcast King Cole Trio Time , a 15-minute radio program. This was the first radio program to be hosted by a black musician. From 1946 to 1948,

15290-472: The show ended in Los Angeles, Cole and Nadine settled there while he looked for work. Cole led a big band and found work playing piano in nightclubs. When a club owner asked him to form a band, Cole hired bassist Wesley Prince and guitarist Oscar Moore . They called themselves the King Cole Swingsters after the nursery rhyme in which " Old King Cole was a merry old soul ". They changed their name to

15429-473: The songs, with piano accompaniment by her uncle Ike Cole . Cole's label released an interactive duet between Cole and her father on the title song, " Unforgettable ". The song eventually reached number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and number ten on the R&;B chart, going gold. Unforgettable...with Love eventually sold more than 7 million copies in the U.S. alone and won several Grammys, including Album of

15568-438: The structure of language. Linguist Noam Chomsky asserts that, evidenced by the lack of sufficient information in the language input, there is a universal grammar that applies to all human languages and is pre-specified. This has led to the idea that there is a special cognitive module suited for learning language, often called the language acquisition device . Chomsky's critique of the behaviorist model of language acquisition

15707-512: The study of human beings and their environments. As a result of this conceptualization of development, these environments—from the family to economic and political structures—have come to be viewed as part of the life course from childhood through to adulthood. Lev Vygotsky was a Russian theorist from the Soviet era, who posited that children learn through hands-on experience and social interactions with members of their culture. Vygotsky believed that

15846-402: The systems. The four systems are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Each system contains roles, norms and rules that can powerfully shape development. The microsystem is the direct environment in our lives such as our home and school. Mesosystem is how relationships connect to the microsystem. Exosystem is a larger social system where the child plays no role. Macrosystem refers to

15985-699: The top of the pop charts, almost forty years after its original popularity. Cole's final studio album was titled L-O-V-E . The album peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965. Around the time Cole launched his singing career, he entered into Freemasonry . Cole was raised in January 1944 in the Thomas Waller Lodge No. 49 in California. The lodge was named after fellow Prince Hall mason and jazz musician Fats Waller . Cole joined

16124-632: The trio recorded radio transcriptions for Capitol Records Transcription Service. They performed on the radio programs Swing Soiree , Old Gold , The Chesterfield Supper Club , Kraft Music Hall , and The Orson Welles Almanac . Cole began recording and performing pop-oriented material in which he was often accompanied by a string orchestra . Cole's stature as a popular star was cemented by hits such as "All for You" (1943), " The Christmas Song " (1947), " (Get Your Kicks on) Route 66 ", " (I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons " (1946), " There! I've Said It Again " (1947), " Nature Boy " (1948), " Frosty

16263-454: The way I felt and that's just the way it came out. Cole was the original house pianist for Jazz at the Philharmonic and performed at the first recorded concert in 1944. He was credited on Mercury as "Shorty Nadine", a derivative of his wife's name, because Cole had an exclusive contract with Capitol since signing with the label the year before. He used a variety of other pseudonyms for

16402-414: Was 15, Cole dropped out of high school to pursue a music career. After his brother Eddie, a bassist, came home from touring with Noble Sissle , they formed a sextet and recorded two singles for Decca in 1936 as Eddie Cole's Swingsters. They performed in a revival of the musical Shuffle Along . Nat Cole went on tour with the musical. In 1937, he married Nadine Robinson, who was a member of the cast. After

16541-522: Was 18 when they married and she was the reason why he moved to Los Angeles and formed the Nat King Cole trio. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1948. On March 28, 1948 (Easter Sunday), six days after his divorce became final, Cole married singer Maria Hawkins . The Coles were married in Harlem 's Abyssinian Baptist Church by Adam Clayton Powell Jr. . They had five children: Natalie (1950–2015), who had

16680-472: Was a grandniece of educator Charlotte Hawkins Brown . Her paternal uncle Freddy Cole was a singer and pianist with numerous albums and awards. Cole enrolled in Northfield School for Girls, an elite New England preparatory school, since 1971 known as Northfield Mount Hermon School after merging with another school, before her father died of lung cancer in February 1965. Soon afterwards she began having

16819-438: Was a song Cole did not know, he sang "Sweet Lorraine" instead. As people heard Cole's vocal talent, they requested more vocal songs, and he obliged. In 1941, the trio recorded "That Ain't Right" for Decca, followed the next year by "All for You" for Excelsior . They recorded " I'm Lost ", a song written by Otis René , the owner of Excelsior. I started out to become a jazz pianist; in the meantime I started singing and I sang

16958-578: Was among the dozens of entertainers recruited by Frank Sinatra to perform at the Kennedy Inaugural gala in 1961. Cole consulted with Kennedy and his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson , on civil rights. In September 1964, Cole began to lose weight and experienced back problems. He collapsed with pain after performing at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas. In December, Cole was working in San Francisco when he

17097-421: Was an American singer, jazz pianist, and actor. Cole's career as a jazz and pop vocalist started in the late 1930s and spanned almost three decades where he found success and recorded over 100 songs that became hits on the pop charts. Cole started his career as a jazz pianist in the late 1930s, when he formed The King Cole Trio, which became the top-selling group (and the only black act) on Capitol Records in

17236-595: Was an active and visible participant in the civil rights movement , playing an important role in planning the March on Washington in 1963. Cole performed in 1956 for President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's televised birthday celebration. At the 1956 Republican National Convention , he sang " That's All There Is to That " and was "greeted with applause". Cole was also present at the Democratic National Convention in 1960 to support Senator John F. Kennedy . Cole

17375-640: Was assaulted during a concert on April 10, 1956, in Birmingham, Alabama, while singing the song "Little Girl" on stage with the Ted Heath Band. After photographs of Cole with white female fans were circulated bearing such incendiary, boldface captions as "Cole and His White Women" and "Cole and Your Daughter," three men belonging to the North Alabama Citizens Council attacked Cole in an apparent attempt to kidnap him. The three assailants ran down

17514-586: Was contacted by the organ procurement agency One Legacy, in May 2009. The facilitated donation came from a family requesting that, if there were a match, their donor's kidney be designated for Cole. Cole canceled several events in December 2015 due to her illness. Her last musical performance was a short set of three songs in Manila . She died at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles on December 31, 2015 ( New Year's Eve ), at

17653-601: Was delivered by Jack Benny , who said that "Nat Cole was a man who gave so much and still had so much to give. He gave it in song, in friendship to his fellow man, devotion to his family. He was a star, a tremendous success as an entertainer, an institution. But he was an even greater success as a man, as a husband, as a father, as a friend." Cole's remains were interred in Freedom Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park , in Glendale , California. Cole's last album, L-O-V-E ,

17792-479: Was established by Frank Sinatra. Riddle and Cole recorded one final hit album, Wild Is Love , with lyrics by Ray Rasch and Dotty Wayne. Cole later retooled the concept album into an Off-Broadway show, I'm with You . Nevertheless, Cole recorded several hit singles during the 1960s, including "Let There Be Love" with George Shearing in 1961, the country-flavored hit " Ramblin' Rose " in August 1962 (reaching No. 2 on

17931-451: Was finally persuaded by friends to seek medical help. A malignant tumor in an advanced state of growth on Cole's left lung was observed on a chest X-ray . Cole, who was a heavy cigarette smoker , had lung cancer and was expected to have only months to live. Against his doctors' wishes, Cole carried on his work and made his final recordings between December 1 and 3 in San Francisco, with an orchestra conducted by Ralph Carmichael . The music

18070-586: Was held on January 11, 2016, at the West Angeles Church of God in Christ in Los Angeles. David Foster , Stevie Wonder , Smokey Robinson , Lionel Richie , Chaka Khan , Eddie Levert , Mary Wilson , Gladys Knight , Ledisi , Jesse Jackson , Angela Bassett , Denise Nicholas , Marla Gibbs , Jackée Harry and Freda Payne were among the mourners at the funeral. After the funeral, she was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California . Her grave

18209-504: Was introduced as "the best friend a song ever had" and sang " When I Fall in Love ". Cat Ballou (1965), Cole's final film, was released several months after his death. Earlier on, Cole's shift to traditional pop led some jazz critics and fans to accuse him of selling out, but he never abandoned his jazz roots; as late as 1956, Cole recorded an all-jazz album, After Midnight , and many of his albums after this are fundamentally jazz-based, being scored for big band without strings, although

18348-521: Was married three times. She married Marvin Yancy , songwriter, producer, and former member of the 1970s R&B group The Independents in July 1976 in Chicago . She had a son, Robert Adam "Robbie" Yancy (October 14, 1977 – August 14, 2017). He was a musician who toured with her. Marvin was her producer, and an ordained Baptist minister who helped reintroduce her to religion. Under his influence, Cole changed from

18487-737: Was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award , and sold over 30 million records worldwide. She was awarded the Howie Richmond Hitmaker Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1999, and has been posthumously inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame (2021), and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . Natalie Cole was born at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles, California , to American singer and jazz pianist Nat King Cole and former Duke Ellington Orchestra singer Maria Hawkins Ellington and raised in

18626-428: Was one of the first hosted by an African American. The program started at a length of fifteen minutes but was increased to a half-hour in July 1957. Rheingold Beer was a regional sponsor, but a national sponsor was never found. The show was in trouble financially despite efforts by NBC, Harry Belafonte , Tony Bennett , Ella Fitzgerald , Eartha Kitt , Frankie Laine , Peggy Lee , and Mel Tormé . Cole decided to end

18765-487: Was recorded in early December 1964—just a few days before he entered the hospital for cancer treatment—and was released just before his death. It peaked at number 4 on the Billboard Albums chart in the spring of 1965. A Best Of album was certified a gold record in 1968. His 1957 recording of "When I Fall in Love" reached number 4 in the UK charts in 1987, released in reaction to a version by Rick Astley challenging for

18904-577: Was released from the hospital over the New Year's period. At home, Cole was able to see the hundreds of thousands of cards and letters that had been sent after news of his illness was made public. Cole returned to the hospital in early January 1965. He also sent $ 5,000 (US$ 49,000 in 2023 dollars ) to actress and singer Gunilla Hutton , with whom Cole had been romantically involved since early 1964. Hutton later telephoned Maria and implored her to divorce him. Maria confronted her husband, and Cole finally broke off

19043-639: Was released on the album L-O-V-E shortly before Cole died. His daughter noted later that he did this to assure the welfare of his family. Cole entered Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica on December 7, 1964, and cobalt therapy was started on December 10. Frank Sinatra performed in Cole's place at the grand opening of the new Dorothy Chandler Pavilion of the Los Angeles Music Center on December 12. Cole's condition gradually worsened, but he

19182-439: Was strongly focused on the role of culture in determining the child's pattern of development, arguing that development moves from the social level to the individual level. In other words, Vygotsky claimed that psychology should focus on the progress of human consciousness through the relationship of an individual and their environment. He felt that if scholars continued to disregard this connection, then this disregard would inhibit

19321-459: Was the first female artist to have two platinum albums in one year. To capitalize on her fame, Cole starred on her own TV special, which attracted such celebrities as Earth, Wind & Fire , and appeared on the TV special, "Sinatra and Friends". In 1978, Cole released her first live album, Natalie Live! In early 1979, the singer was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . That same year, she released two more albums, I Love You So and

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