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66-500: In 2006 the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities published a project announcement with the idea of realizing an International theatre festival that could compare with established European models such as The Edinburgh International Festival and the Festival d'Avignon . Many Italian cities with great performing tradition such as Milan , Venice and Genoa participated, but in the end

132-460: A National Theatre Company, which would lease the Old Vic theatre in the interim. The "National Theatre Company" opened on 22 October 1963 with Hamlet , starring Peter O'Toole in the title role. The company was founded by Laurence Olivier , who became the first artistic director of the company. As fellow directors, he enlisted William Gaskill and John Dexter . Among the first ensemble of actors of

198-591: A large theatrical bookshop, restaurants, bars and exhibition spaces. The terraces and foyers of the theatre complex have also been used for ad hoc, short seasonal and experimental performances and screenings. The riverside forecourt of the theatre is used for regular season of open-air performances in the summer months. The Clore Learning Centre is a new dedicated space for learning at the National Theatre. It offers events and courses for all ages, exploring theatre-making from playwriting to technical skills, often led by

264-664: A live audience. The service was launched initially to UK secondary schools in 2015 with productions for Key Stage 3 pupils and above. In November 2016, the National Theatre launched to service to UK primary schools, adding a number of new titles for Key Stage 2. Productions currently offered by the service include Frankenstein (directed by Danny Boyle , starring Benedict Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller ), Othello (directed by Nicholas Hytner , starting Adrian Lester and Rory Kinnear ), Antigone (directed by Polly Findlay , starring Christopher Eccleston and Jodie Whittaker ), and Jane Eyre (directed by Sally Cookson ). In 2018,

330-507: A portrait of actress Katie Leung standing in front of The Shed as part of the artist's "London Portraits" series, where he asked various cultural figures to choose a place in London for the backdrop of their portraits. Leung explained she chose The Shed as her backdrop because she performed there in the 2013 play The World of Extreme Happiness , and also because "... it's a temporary theatre, it's not permanent, and I wanted to make it permanent in

396-697: A representation of The Trojan Women . In 2009 it was entrusted to David Lescot , who wrote and directed the play L’Européenne , which was produced in collaboration with the Théâtre de la Ville theatre in Paris. For the 2010 edition, the English director Alexander Zeldin will bring on stage Romeo and Juliet , produced in collaboration with the Théâtre de la Ville theatre in Paris, the National Theatre Studio in London and

462-670: A site close to the Royal Festival Hall for the purpose, so the National Theatre Act 1949 ( 12, 13 & 14 Geo. 6 . c. 16), offering financial support, was passed by Parliament . Ten years after the foundation stone had been laid in 1951, the government declared that the nation could not afford a National Theatre; in response, the LCC offered to waive any rent and pay half the construction costs. The government still tried to apply unacceptable conditions to save money, attempting to force

528-596: A theatre in Bloomsbury . This work was interrupted by World War I. In 1910, George Bernard Shaw wrote a short comedy, The Dark Lady of the Sonnets , in which Shakespeare himself attempts to persuade Elizabeth I of the necessity of building a National Theatre to stage his plays. The play was part of the long-term campaign to build a National Theatre. Finally, in 1948, the London County Council (LCC) presented

594-552: A third production in Doncaster in partnership with Cast and six local community partners. The new adaptation of The Caucasian Chalk Circle was originally planned for 2020 but has been postponed, due to COVID-19. In December 2020, in partnership with The Guardian , Public Acts released an online musical called We Begin Again by James Graham ( Quiz ) as a music video and a standalone track released by Broadway Records. River Stage

660-548: A work project on languages, multicultural issues and blending of different theatrical traditions. It is not a stabile company, but an ensemble of actors from different European countries, who all act in their own language. Every year the project is committed to a different director and it is aimed to the production of a play which is promoted by the Napoli Teatro Festival Italia. In 2008 the company, entrusted to Virginio Liberti and Annaliso Bianco , brought on stage

726-721: Is a lovely work and so good from so many angles...it has that inevitable and finished look that great work does." Despite the controversy, the theatre has been a Grade II* listed building since 1994. Although the theatre is often cited as an archetype of Brutalist architecture in England, since Lasdun's death the building has been re-evaluated as having closer links to the work of Le Corbusier , rather than contemporary monumental 1960s buildings such as those of Paul Rudolph . The carefully refined balance between horizontal and vertical elements in Lasdun's building has been contrasted favourably with

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792-562: Is invited to perform in a final festival at the National Theatre, usually in the Olivier Theatre and Dorfman Theatre. The National Theatre Collection (formerly called On Demand. In Schools ) is the National Theatre's free production streaming service for educational establishments worldwide, which is free to UK state schools. The service is designed for use by teachers and educators in the classroom, and features recordings of curriculum-linked productions filmed in high definition in front of

858-742: Is located next to the Thames in the South Bank area of central London. In addition to performances at the National Theatre building, the National Theatre tours productions at theatres across the United Kingdom. The theatre has transferred numerous productions to Broadway and toured some as far as China, Australia and New Zealand. However, touring productions to European cities was suspended in February 2021 over concerns about uncertainty over work permits, additional costs and delays because of Brexit . Permission to add

924-459: Is principally concerned with culture, the protection and preservation of artistic sites and property, landscape, and tourism (Decree 181/2006). At the end of 2006, the ministry's departments were abolished and their responsibilities returned to the ministry itself. In 2009 the Ministry’s organisational structure underwent significant changes (Decree 91/2009): the coordination of ministerial functions

990-505: Is produced by Fran Miller. The annual "Watch This Space" festival was a free summer-long celebration of outdoor theatre, circus and dance, which was replaced in 2015 by the River Stage festival. "Watch This Space" featured events for all ages, including workshops and classes for children and adults. "Watch This Space" had a strong national and international relationships with leading and emerging companies working in many different aspects of

1056-561: Is still entrusted to a Secretary General, the General Directorates have been reduced from nine to eight, with new denominations and a partial reshaping of their responsibilities. The eight General Directorates continue to be technically supported by high level scientific bodies (Central Institutes). The peripheral ministerial structure of Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities is provided for, in 17 out of 20 regions, by Regional Directorates for Cultural Heritage and Landscape and by

1122-488: Is the ministry of the Government of Italy in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques . MiC's headquarters are located in the historic Collegio Romano Palace (via del Collegio Romano 27, in central Rome) and the current Minister of Culture is Alessandro Giuli . It was set up in 1974 as the Ministry for Cultural Assets and Environments ( Italian : Ministero per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali ) by

1188-638: Is the National Theatre's free outdoor summer festival that place over five weekends outside the National Theatre in its north-east cornersquare. It is accompanied by a number of additional street food stalls and bars run by the NT. The event features programmes developed by various companies for the first four weekends, with the National Theatre itself programming the fifth weekend. Participating organisations have included The Glory, HOME Manchester , Sadler's Wells , nonclassical , WOMAD , Latitude Festival , Bristol's Mayfest and Rambert . The festival launched in 2015 and

1254-465: The Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus , it has an open stage and a fan-shaped audience seating area for 1160 people. A "drum revolve" (a five-storey revolving stage section) extends eight metres beneath the stage and is operated by a single staff member. The drum has two rim revolves and two platforms, each of which can carry ten tonnes, facilitating dramatic and fluid scenery changes. Its design ensures that

1320-656: The E45 has brought on stage 27 shows, chosen from a very wide selection, in several theatres of the city. Two of the plays were chosen for the 2010 official edition of the Festival. The 2010 edition of the E45 Naples Fringe Festival will present 39 plays selected among more than 250 of the presented projects. The European Theatre Company was created in 2008, promoted by the Napoli Teatro Festival Italia , as

1386-678: The Ministry of the Interior (State archives) and of the President of the Council of Ministers (state computer archives, publishing and diffusion of culture). Legislative decree number 368 of 20 October 1998 set up the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali , with all the old ministry's remits as well as some new ones: In 2006, the sport portfolio was reassigned to the new Dipartimento per le Politiche Giovanili e le Attività Sportive . The ministry

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1452-651: The Royal National Theatre and sometimes referred to in international contexts as the National Theatre of Great Britain is a performing arts venue and associated theatre company located in London , England. The NT was founded by the actor Laurence Olivier in 1963, and many well-known actors have performed with it since. The company was based at The Old Vic theatre in Waterloo until 1976. The current building

1518-686: The Teatro Stabile in Naples , involving Italian and English artists along with second generation citizens, belonging to communities that have been in Italy for many years. The Napoli Teatro Festival Italia has reached the highest standards in eco-compatibility: from the first edition the Festival has obtained the certification requested based on ISO 14001 (environmental management systems) and EMAS (community system of eco-management). The Festival's sustainable ecological management has been guaranteed by monitoring

1584-457: The patent theatres , and new plays were subjected to censorship by the Lord Chamberlain's Office . At the same time, there was a burgeoning theatre sector featuring a diet of low melodrama and musical burlesque ; but critics described British theatre as driven by commercialism and a "star" system. There was a demand to commemorate serious theatre, with the "Shakespeare Committee" purchasing

1650-410: The "Royal" prefix to the name of the theatre was given in 1988, but the full title is rarely used. The theatre presents a varied programme, including Shakespeare, other international classic drama, and new plays by contemporary playwrights. Each auditorium in the theatre can run up to three shows in repertoire , thus further widening the number of plays which can be put on during any one season. However,

1716-768: The Circus. The festival was set up by its first producer Jonathan Holloway , who was succeeded in 2005 by Angus MacKechnie. Whilst the Theatre Square space was occupied by the Temporary Theatre during the NT Future redevelopment, the "Watch This Space" festival was suspended. but held a small number of events in nearby local spaces. In 2013 the National announced that there would be a small summer festival entitled "August Outdoors" in Theatre Square. Playing Fridays and Saturdays only,

1782-647: The Head of New Work in 2015. National Theatre Live is an initiative which broadcasts performances of their productions (and from other theatres) to cinemas and arts centres around the world. It began in June 2009 with Helen Mirren in Jean Racine 's Phedre , directed by Nicholas Hytner , in the Lyttelton Theatre. The third season of broadcasts launched on 15 September 2011 with One Man, Two Guvnors with James Corden . This

1848-556: The Moro IV Cabinet through the decree read on 14 December 1974, n. 657, converted (with changes) from the law of 29 January 1975, n° 5. The new ministry (defined as per i beni culturali  — that is for cultural assets, showing the wish to create a mainly technical organ) largely has the remit and functions previously under the Ministry of Public Education (specifically its Antiquity and Fine Arts , and Academies and Libraries, sections). To this remit and functions it some of those of

1914-470: The NT's own artists and staff. One of its spaces is The Cottesloe Room, so called in recognition of the original name of the adjacent theatre. The dressing rooms for all actors are arranged around an internal light-well and air-shaft and so their windows each face each other. This arrangement has led to a tradition whereby, on the opening night (known as "Press Night") and closing night of any individual play, when called to go to "beginners" (opening positions),

1980-683: The National Theatre at its formation in 1963. He was considered the foremost British film and stage actor of the period, and became the first director of the Chichester Festival Theatre – there forming the company that would unite with the Old Vic Company to form the National Theatre Company. In addition to directing, he continued to appear in many successful productions, not least as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice . In 1969

2046-700: The National Theatre complex which it was estimated would cost about £80 million. The Studio building across the road from the Old Vic on The Cut in Waterloo. The Studio used to house the NT's workshops, but became the National's research and development wing in 1984. The Studio building houses the New Work Department, the Archive, and the NT's Immersive Storytelling Studio. The Studio is a Grade II listed building designed by architects Lyons Israel Ellis. Completed in 1958,

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2112-514: The National Theatre reported that over half of UK state secondary schools have registered to use the service. On Demand. In Schools won the 2018 Bett Award for Free Digital Content or Open Educational Resources. In March 2020, in light of the coronavirus pandemic, the National Theatre Collection was made available for pupils and teachers to access at home to aid blended learning programmes. In April 2020, six new titles were added to

2178-567: The National Theatre's first board chairman, it has a proscenium arch design and can accommodate an audience of 890. Named after Lloyd Dorfman (philanthropist and chairman of Travelex Group ), the Dorfman is "the smallest, the barest and the most potentially flexible of the National Theatre houses . . . a dark-walled room" with an audience capacity of 400. It was formerly known as the Cottesloe Theatre (named after Lord Cottesloe , Chairman of

2244-540: The New Shakespeare Company (now the Royal Shakespeare Company , RSC); then Herbert Beerbohm Tree founded an Academy of Dramatic Art at Her Majesty's Theatre in 1904. This still left the capital without a national theatre. A London Shakespeare League was founded in 1902 to develop a Shakespeare National Theatre and – with the impending tercentenary in 1916 of his death – in 1913 purchased land for

2310-739: The South Bank Theatre Board), a name which ceased to be used with the theatre's closure under the National's NT Future redevelopment. The enhanced theatre reopened in September 2014 under its new name. The Temporary Theatre, formerly called The Shed, was a 225-seat black box theatre which opened in April 2013 and featured new works; it closed in May 2016, following the refurbishment of the Dorfman Theatre. In 2015 British artist Carl Randall painted

2376-559: The UK to create large-scale new work. The first Public Acts production was Pericles in August 2018, at the National Theatre, in the Olivier Theatre. The Guardian described this as 'a richly sung version with brilliant performances from a cast of hundreds.' The second production was As You Like It performed in August 2019 at the Queen's Theatre , Hornchurch. Since 2019, Public Acts has been working on

2442-418: The United Kingdom and then internationally. The programme began with a production of Phèdre , starring Helen Mirren , which was screened live in 70 cinemas across the UK. NT Live productions have since been broadcast to over 2,500 venues in 60 countries around the world. In November 2020, National Theatre at Home, a video on demand streaming service, specifically created for National Theatre Live recordings,

2508-608: The United States, Canada and Australia for a limited season in Spring 2012. Danny Boyle 's Frankenstein also returned to cinema screens worldwide for a limited season in June and July 2012. The fourth season of broadcasts commenced on Thursday 6 September 2012 with The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time , a play based on the international best-selling novel by Mark Haddon . This

2574-470: The actors will go to the window and drum on the glass with the palms of their hands. Backstage tours run throughout the day and the Sherling High Level Walkway, open daily until 7.30 pm, offers visitors views into the backstage production workshops for set construction and assembly, scenic painting and prop-making. 2013 saw the commencement of the "NT Future" project; a redevelopment of

2640-512: The amalgamation of the existing publicly supported companies: the RSC, Sadler's Wells and Old Vic . Following some initial inspirational steps taken with the opening of the Chichester Festival Theatre in Chichester in June 1962, the developments in London proceeded. In July 1962, with agreements finally reached, a board was set up to supervise construction, and a separate board was constituted to run

2706-430: The audience's view is not blocked from any seat, and that the audience is fully visible to actors from the stage's centre. Designed in the 1970s and a prototype of current technology, the drum revolve and a multiple "sky hook" flying system were initially very controversial and required ten years to commission, but seem to have fulfilled the objective of functionality with high productivity. Named after Oliver Lyttelton ,

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2772-550: The audience. The Napoli Teatro Festival Italia is an event that covers all the metropolitan area of the city of Naples : beside many local theatres ( San Carlo Theatre , Bellini Theatre , Mercadante – Teatro Stabile of Naples , etc.), the plays are also organized in nontheatrical structures, such as the Bourbon Hospice for the Poor , which is now one of the locations of the Festival, and other stages which are occasionally chosen for

2838-400: The auditorium. National Theatre Connections is the annual nationwide youth theatre festival run by the National Theatre. The festival was founded in 1995, and features ten new plays for young people written by leading playwrights. Productions are staged by schools and youth groups at their schools and community centres, and at local professional theatre hubs. One of the productions of each play

2904-606: The building was refurbished by architects Haworth Tompkins and reopened in autumn 2007. The National Theatre Studio was founded in 1985 under the directorship of Peter Gill , who ran it until 1990. Laura Collier became Head of the Studio in November 2011, replacing Purni Morrell who headed the Studio from 2006. Following the merge of the Studio and the Literary Department under the leadership of Rufus Norris, Emily McLaughlin became

2970-408: The building. A key intended viewing axis is from Waterloo Bridge at 45 degrees head on to the fly tower of the Olivier Theatre (the largest and highest element of the building) and the steps from ground level. This view is largely obscured now by mature trees along the riverside walk but it can be seen in a more limited way at ground level. The National Theatre's foyers are open to the public, with

3036-660: The city of Naples was chosen. In August 2007, the Region of Campania created the Campania Festival Foundation , with Rachele Furfaro as the chairman, with the aim of realizing the project of the first theatrical festival in Naples. Renato Quaglia , who had been the organizing director of the Venice Biennale was chosen as the artistic and organizing director. More than 2000 artists from 17 countries have been involved in

3102-496: The company were Robert Stephens , Maggie Smith , Joan Plowright , Michael Gambon , Derek Jacobi , Lynn Redgrave , Michael Redgrave , Colin Blakely and Frank Finlay . Meanwhile, construction of the permanent theatre proceeded with a design by architects Sir Denys Lasdun and Peter Softley and structural engineers Flint & Neill containing three stages, which opened individually between 1976 and 1977. The construction work

3168-517: The environmental impact of its activities, from the functioning of its offices to the production of the set designs, from the construction sites to the transportation, the use of electric power and other polluting factors. Moreover, part of the Festival's electrical needs are covered by the use of solar power, produced in a photovoltaic plant currently under construction. Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities (Italy) The Ministry of Culture ( Italian : Ministero della Cultura - MiC )

3234-546: The first edition, in June 2008. The original works, created expressively for the Festival, were 17 out of 40 total debuts. The second edition of the Festival, in June 2009, was enriched with the institution of the “ Over the seas Festival ” (in collaboration with the San Carlo Theatre ) and of the Fringe Festival . Eighty-three plays were performed with the support of artists from 24 countries and more than 70.000 people in

3300-404: The future Charles III described the building in 1988 as "a clever way of building a nuclear power station in the middle of London without anyone objecting". John Betjeman , a man not noted for his enthusiasm for brutalist architecture, wrote to Lasdun stating ironically that he "gasped with delight at the cube of your theatre in the pale blue sky and a glimpse of St Paul's to the south of it. It

3366-471: The local Soprintendenze . On 1 March 2021 the "Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism" is renamed "Ministry of Culture". The Ministry is made up of a variety of internal divisions, including: Direzione generale Educazione, ricerca e istituti culturali; Istituti Centrali (Central Institutes): ICR and OPD are global leader in the field of art restoration and provides teaching as Italian state conservation schools For more on

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3432-485: The lumpiness of neighbouring buildings such as the Hayward Gallery and Queen Elizabeth Hall . It is now in the unusual situation of having appeared simultaneously in the top ten "most popular" and "most hated" London buildings in opinion surveys. A recent lighting scheme illuminating the exterior of the building, in particular the fly towers , has proved very popular, and is one of several positive artistic responses to

3498-519: The organization of the Ministry, see Ministry of Culture - Organization The current minister is Alessandro Giuli , appointed on 6 September 2024 by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni . The Ministry logo is inspired by the face of Apollo, in the famous sculptural group of Apollo and Daphne by Bernini kept at the Borghese Gallery . Royal National Theatre The National Theatre , officially

3564-585: The outdoor arts sector. Significant collaborators and regular visitors included Teatr Biuro Podrozy, The Whalley Range All Stars, Home Live Art, Addictive TV, Men in Coats, Upswing, Circus Space, Les Grooms, StopGAP Dance Theatre, metro-boulot-dodo, Avanti Display, The Gandinis, Abigail Collins, The World-famous, Ida Barr (Christopher Green), Motionhouse, Mat Ricardo, The Insect Circus, Bängditos Theater, Mimbre, Company FZ, WildWorks, Bash Street Theatre, Markeline, The Chipolatas, The Caravan Gallery, Sienta la Cabeza, Theatre Tuig, Producciones Imperdibles and Mario Queen of

3630-485: The playwright's birthplace for the nation demonstrating a recognition of the importance of "serious drama". The following year saw more pamphlets on a demand for a National Theatre from London publisher Effingham William Wilson. The situation continued, with a renewed call every decade for a National Theatre. Attention was aroused in 1879 when the Comédie-Française took a residency at the Gaiety Theatre , described in The Times as representing "the highest aristocracy of

3696-406: The portrait". The style of the National Theatre building was described by architecture historian Mark Girouard as "an aesthetic of broken forms" at the time of opening. Architectural opinion was split at the time of construction. Even enthusiastic advocates of the Modern Movement such as Nikolaus Pevsner found the Béton brut RAAC concrete both inside and out overbearing. Most notoriously,

3762-444: The post-2020 covid repertoire model became straight runs, required by the imperatives of greater resource efficiency and financial constraint coupled with the preference (and competition for the availability) of creatives working across stage and screen, thus bringing it in line with that of most theatres. In June 2009, the theatre began National Theatre Live (NT Live), a programme of simulcasts of live productions to cinemas, first in

3828-515: The programme included The Sneakers and The Streetlights by Half Human Theatre, The Thinker by Stuff & Things, H2H by Joli Vyann, Screeving by Urban Canvas, Pigeon Poo People by The Natural Theatre Company, Capses by Laitrum, Bang On! , Caravania! by The Bone Ensemble, The Hot Potato Syncopators , Total Eclipse of the Head by Ella Good and Nicki Kent, The Caravan Gallery , Curious Curios by Kazzum Theatre and The Preeners by Canopy. Laurence Olivier became artistic director of

3894-407: The restaurants, bars, bookshop, etc.). Support from Arts Council England provided 17% of income, 1% from Learning and Participation activity, and the remaining 9% came from a mixture of companies, individuals, trusts and foundations. In 1847, a critic using the pseudonym Dramaticus published a pamphlet describing the parlous state of British theatre. Production of serious plays was restricted to

3960-399: The service to bring the total up to 30 productions. These include Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (directed by Benedict Andrews for the Young Vic , starring Sienna Miller and Jack O'Connell ) and Small Island (directed by Rufus Norris for the National Theatre). Public Acts is a community participation programme from the National Theatre working with theatres and community organisations across

4026-455: The shows, such as the Darsena Acton , the roof of the Arts Academy of Naples, the Undergrounds of the city, churches and monuments. In 2009 the Festival promoted the creation of the E54 Naples Fringe Festival , the "off" festival that promotes emerging authors and artists. The Naples Fringe Festival was named after road E45 , the one that connects Karesuvanto (Finland), to Gela ( Sicily ), passing through Naples . The first edition of

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4092-421: The theatre". The principal demands now coalesced around: a structure in the capital that would form a permanent memorial to Shakespeare; an "exemplary theatre" company producing at the highest level of quality; and a centre from which appreciation of great drama could be spread as part of education throughout the country. The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre was opened in Stratford upon Avon on 23 April 1879, with

4158-404: Was carried out by Sir Robert McAlpine . The Company remained at the Old Vic until 1976, when construction of the Olivier was complete. The National Theatre building houses three separate theatres. Additionally, a temporary structure was added in April 2013 and closed in May 2016. Named after the theatre's first artistic director, Laurence Olivier , this is the main auditorium. Modelled on

4224-453: Was followed by Arnold Wesker 's The Kitchen . The final broadcast of 2011 was John Hodge 's Collaborators with Simon Russell Beale . In 2012 Nicholas Wright 's play Travelling Light was broadcast on 9 February, followed by The Comedy of Errors with Lenny Henry on 1 March and She Stoops to Conquer with Katherine Kelly , Steve Pemberton and Sophie Thompson on 29 March. One Man, Two Guvnors returned to cinema screens in

4290-506: Was followed by The Last of the Haussmans , a new play by Stephen Beresford starring Julie Walters , Rory Kinnear and Helen McCrory on 11 October 2012. William Shakespeare 's Timon of Athens followed on 1 November 2012 starring Simon Russell Beale as Timon. On 17 January 2013, NT Live broadcast Arthur Wing Pinero 's The Magistrate , with John Lithgow . The performances to be filmed and broadcast are nominated in advance, allowing planned movement of cameras with greater freedom in

4356-400: Was introduced. Videos of plays are added every month, and can be "rented" for temporary viewing, or unlimited recordings can be watched through a monthly or yearly subscription programme. The NT had an annual turnover of approximately £105 million in 2015–16, of which earned income made up 75% (58% from ticket sales, 5% from NT Live and Digital, and 12% from commercial revenue such as in

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