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141-522: Naomi Elaine Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is a British fashion model . Beginning her career at the age of eight, Campbell was one of six models of her generation declared supermodels by the fashion industry and the international press. She was the first black woman to appear as a model on the covers of Time and Vogue France . In addition to her modelling career, Campbell has embarked on other ventures, including an R&B studio album and several acting appearances in film and television. She hosted

282-448: A Vanity Fair feature on the supermodel legacy. In 2011, Campbell appeared with Liya Kebede and Iman on the cover of the 40th-anniversary issue of Essence . She also starred as Duran Duran frontman Simon Le Bon in the band's music video for "Girl Panic!", with Cindy Crawford, Helena Christensen, Eva Herzigova and Yasmin Le Bon portraying the other band members; they appeared in

423-424: A Uruguayan model, Luisel Ramos , died from heart problems secondary to malnutrition. Her sister Eliana Ramos also was a model and had died immediately after a runway show several months prior. They were amongst the three fashion models to die of malnutrition in a six-month span. The other victim was Ana Carolina Reston . Luisel Ramos died of heart failure caused by anorexia nervosa just after stepping off

564-763: A paparazzo in Rome. In a 2010 interview for British Vogue , Campbell stated that in 1999 she entered rehabilitation for cocaine addiction and then she joined Alcoholics Anonymous to get sober. She stopped drinking around 2012. Campbell has never met her biological father. She regards French-based Tunisian fashion designer Azzedine Alaïa , whom she met at 16, as her "papa". She also holds high respect toward record producers Quincy Jones and Chris Blackwell as adopted father figures. Former South African president Nelson Mandela referred to Campbell as his "honorary granddaughter". She first met Mandela in November 1994, after his party,

705-695: A trustee from the charity in 2023, with Fashion For Relief eventually being closed by the Charity Commission on 15 March 2024. In November 2010, Campbell and her then partner Vladislav Doronin were among the organisers of the Help the Tiger charity event, which took place at the Mikhailovsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg , Russia, and which was attended by Leonardo DiCaprio and Vladimir Putin . In 2012,

846-418: A "hybrid of People and Vogue on elongated newsprint." From 1972 to 1989, the artist Richard Bernstein created the covers for Interview , giving the publication its bold and colorful signature style. Photographers Robert Mapplethorpe and Christopher Makos took pictures for the magazine. Writer Fran Lebowitz was paid $ 10 a review for her film column. Fashion journalist André Leon Talley answered

987-607: A black model graced the front of the September magazine, traditionally the year's biggest and most important issue. In January 1990, Campbell, who was declared "the reigning megamodel of them all" by Interview , appeared with Turlington, Evangelista, Cindy Crawford and Tatjana Patitz on a cover of British Vogue , shot by Peter Lindbergh. The group was subsequently cast to star in the music video for George Michael 's " Freedom! '90 ". By then, Campbell, Turlington, Evangelista, Crawford and Claudia Schiffer were called "supermodels" by

1128-638: A breach of confidentiality lawsuit against the Daily Mirror , after the newspaper published a photograph of her leaving a Narcotics Anonymous meeting. The High Court ordered £3,500 in damages from the Daily Mirror . In August 2010, Campbell made an appearance at a trial against former Liberian president Charles Taylor , where she was called to give evidence on " blood diamonds " she received from Taylor in Cape Town , South Africa in 1997. Campbell testified that

1269-410: A business enterprise. In 1970, Bob Colacello was taking a film course at Columbia University when he began writing film reviews for Interview . By 1971, Colacello was promoted to editor of the magazine, at a salary of $ 50 a week. Colacello brought in his friend and classmate Glenn O'Brien as an associate editor. Colacello's first issue featured film 1940s-era stills of actress Rita Hayworth on

1410-454: A catwalk show to kick off New York Fashion Week. The collection was designed by Campbell as well as designers Victor Anate and Edvin Thompson. Campbell is featured in the 2023 four-part Apple TV+ docuseries titled The Super Models . The series also features Cindy Crawford, Christy Turlington, and Linda Evangelista and is directed by Roger Ross Williams and Larissa Bills. Campbell has been

1551-408: A china-doll or alien look to them, such as Gemma Ward and Lily Cole . During the 2000s, Ford Models and NEXT Model Management were engaged in a legal battle, with each agency alleging that the other was stealing its models. However, the most significant controversy of the 2000s was the health of high-fashion models participating in fashion week. While the health of models had been a concern since

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1692-520: A common practice for glamour models to partake in kiss-and-tell interviews about their dalliances with famous men. The notoriety of their alleged bed-hopping often propels their popularity and they are often promoted by their current or former fling. With Page 3 models becoming fixtures in the British tabloids, glamour models such as Jordan, now known as Katie Price , became household names. By 2004, Page 3 regulars earned anywhere from £30,000 to 40,000, where

1833-600: A consistent aesthetic and elected for skinnier white models. This reality was paved by models such as Kate Moss and Stella Tennant , who provided a more consistent look for the runway. At this time, "the number of working black models in high-profile runway presentation... became so dire that stories began appearing in the mainstream media about the whitewashing of the runway". In response, models like Campbell, Iman, and Bethann Hardison, joined forces throughout the"Diversity Coalition" in an attempt to "call out and accuse prominent fashion houses for snubbing Black and Asian models on

1974-601: A cover featuring Kate Moss . Stephen Mooallem and Christopher Bollen served as the working editor-in-chief and editor-at-large, respectively. The publication's content can be found online and via an app , Other Edition, available on iTunes. As of 2017, Fabien Baron was the editorial director, Karl Templer was the creative director, and Nick Haramis was the editor-in-chief. In December 2013, Stephen Mooallem left Interview to join Harper's Bazaar as its executive editor. Keith Pollock served as editor-in-chief from 2014 to 2016. It

2115-689: A dancer. In 1986, while still a student of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, Campbell was scouted by Beth Boldt, head of the Synchro Model Agency, while window-shopping in Covent Garden . In April, just before her 16th birthday she appeared on the cover of British Elle . Over the next few years, Campbell walked the catwalk for such designers as Gianni Versace , Azzedine Alaïa , and Isaac Mizrahi and posed for such photographers as Peter Lindbergh , Herb Ritts , and Bruce Weber . By

2256-460: A day". Evangelista and her contemporaries, Naomi Campbell , Cindy Crawford , Christy Turlington , Tatjana Patitz , Stephanie Seymour , and Yasmeen Ghauri became arguably the most recognisable models in the world, earning the moniker of " supermodel ", and were boosted to global recognition and new heights of wealth for the industry. In 1991, Turlington signed a contract with Maybelline that paid her $ 800,000 for twelve days' work each year. By

2397-449: A different approach. Models such as Victoria Silvstedt left the fashion world and began modelling for men's magazines. In the previous decades, posing nude for Playboy resulted in models losing their agencies and endorsements. Playboy was a stepping stone which catapulted the careers of Victoria Silvstedt, Pamela Anderson , Jenny McCarthy , and Anna Nicole Smith . Pamela Anderson became so popular from her Playboy spreads that she

2538-486: A fashion magazine and model exclusively for it. On the other hand, street models, or "reader models" ( 読者モデル , dokusha moderu , abbreviated as "dokumo" for short) , are amateur models who model part-time for fashion magazines in conjunction to school work and their main jobs. Unlike professional models, street models are meant to represent the average person in appearance and do not appear on runways. Street models are not exclusively contracted to fashion magazines. If

2679-471: A film or a play is not generally considered to be "modelling". Personal opinions are normally not expressed, and a model's reputation and image are considered critical. Types of modelling include: fine art, fashion , glamour , fitness, and body-part promotional modelling. Models are featured in various media formats, including books, magazines, films, newspapers, the Internet, and television. Fashion modelling

2820-518: A five-star hotel, as well as spa treatments, room service, security and cigarettes. Naomi Elaine Campbell was born on 22 May 1970 in Lambeth , South London to Jamaican-born dancer Valerie Morris. In accordance with her mother's wishes, Campbell has never met her father, who abandoned her mother when she was four months pregnant and went unnamed on her birth certificate. She took the surname "Campbell" from her mother's second marriage. Her half-brother Pierre

2961-586: A garment's key features. Models also go to interviews (called "go and sees") to present their portfolios. The more experience a model has, the more likely she/he is to be hired for a fashion show. A runway model can also work in other areas, such as department store fashion shows, and the most successful models sometimes create their own product lines or go into acting. The British Association of Model Agents (AMA) says that female models should be around 34"-24"-34" and between 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) and 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) tall. The average model

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3102-559: A goodwill ambassador for the White Ribbon Alliance for Safe Motherhood . She has since joined the charity's patron, Sarah Brown , the wife of former British prime minister Gordon Brown , on several missions to promote maternal health. Campbell has received recognition for her charitable work. In 2007, she was named an ambassador of Rio de Janeiro by mayor Cesar Maia in recognition of her efforts to fight poverty in Brazil. In 2009, she

3243-555: A minimum body mass index (BMI) requirement. The French law also requires digitally altered pictures of models to be identified as such. In 2013, New York toughened its child labour law protections for models under the age of eighteen by passing New York Senate Bill No. 5486, which gives underage models the same labour protections afforded to child actors. Key new protections included the following: underage models are not to work before 5:00 pm or after 10:00 pm on school nights, nor were they to work later than 12:30 am on non-school nights;

3384-471: A model's promotional materials. By this time, agencies were starting to pay for a model's publicity. In the early 1970s, Scandinavia had many tall, leggy, blonde -haired, blue-eyed models and not enough clients. It was during this time that Ford Models pioneered scouting. They would spend time working with agencies holding modeling contests. This was the precursor to the Ford Models Supermodel of

3525-463: A reference or inspiration for a work of art that includes the human figure. The most common types of art created using models are figure drawing , figure painting , sculpture and photography , but almost any medium may be used. Although commercial motives dominate over aesthetics in illustration , its artwork commonly employs models. Models are most frequently employed for art classes or by informal groups of experienced artists who gather to share

3666-442: A shoot. Meanwhile, agencies took responsibility for a model's promotional materials and branding. That same year, former top fashion model Wilhelmina Cooper opened up her own fashion agency with her husband called Wilhelmina Models . By 1968, FM Agency and Models 1 were established and represented models in a similar way that agencies do today. By the late 1960s, models were treated better and were making better wages. One of

3807-422: A silver-sequinned $ 300,000 Dolce & Gabbana gown upon completion of her sentence. Campbell detailed her community service experience in a W feature titled "The Naomi Diaries", and subsequently spoofed herself in a Dunkin' Donuts commercial, directed by Zach Braff . In June 2008 she was sentenced for assaulting two police officers at London Heathrow Airport . In July 2015 she was found guilty of assaulting

3948-563: A special advisor to the music company Gamma, founded by Apple Music executive Larry Jackson, since 2023. In June 2024, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London launched a solo exhibition titled "Naomi: In Fashion”, which highlighted Campbell's philanthropic work and activism. The exhibit opens with personal images from Campbell’s archive and also displays 100 curated outfits she has worn throughout her modelling years. As of 2024, Campbell has walked

4089-821: A street model is popular enough, some become exclusive models. Many fashion icons and musicians in Japan began their careers as street models, including Kaela Kimura and Kyary Pamyu Pamyu . Plus-size models are models who generally have larger measurements than editorial fashion models, and are not necessarily overweight. The primary use of plus-size models is to appear in advertising and runway shows for plus-size labels. Plus-size models are also engaged in work not strictly related to selling large-sized clothing, e.g., stock photography and advertising photography for cosmetics, household and pharmaceutical products and sunglasses, footwear and watches. Therefore, plus-size models do not exclusively wear garments marketed as plus-size clothing. This

4230-404: A tape recorder he had in his pocket to capture content for Interview . The interviews were taped conversations of well-known eclectic people usually at a restaurant and published as a iteral transcription. Another trademark of the magazine were full-page photographs of "beautiful people." By 1981, Interview was priced at $ 2 a copy and had a circulation of 90,000. The magazine was described as

4371-417: A then-unprecedented million-dollar contract as the face of Fabergé 's Babe perfume and the same year appeared on the cover of Time magazine, labeled one of the "New Beauties", giving further name recognition to fashion models. Many of the world's most prominent modeling agencies were established in the 1970s and early 1980s. These agencies created the standard by which agencies now run. In 1974, Nevs Models

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4512-522: A wave of Brazilian models including Adriana Lima and Alessandra Ambrosio rose to fame on runways and became popular in commercial modelling throughout the 2000s. Some have tied this increase in Brazilian models to the trend of magazines featuring celebrities instead of models on their covers. In the late 2000s, the Brazilians fell out of favour on the runways. Editorial clients were favouring models with

4653-446: Is considered an "in-between size", meaning I'm not a straight model nor plus model, I'm right in the middle. Actress Mindy Kaling has described this body type in her 2011 book Is Everybody Hanging Out Without Me? writing, "Since I am not model-skinny, but also not super-fat... I fall into that nebulous, 'Normal American Woman Size' that legions of fashion stylists detest... Many stylists hate that size because, I think, to them, I lack

4794-474: Is criticism that these models have been left out of the conversation because fashion companies and brands opt to employ the extremes of the spectrum. Model Camille Kostek who was on a solo cover of Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue in 2019 has stated that she was told by a well-known international modelling agency "...that it was too bad that I wasn't a size 10. That plus size is a big market right now and it's too bad I wasn't measuring bigger. My size (4/6)

4935-404: Is especially true when participating in fashion editorials for mainstream fashion magazines. Some plus-size models have appeared in runway shows and campaigns for mainstream retailers and designers such as Gucci, Guess, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Levi's and Versace Jeans. Also known as the "in-between" and "middle models", they are neither considered catalogue size (0–2) nor plus-size (10 up). There

5076-624: Is generally over 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) for men and over 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) for women. Runway models work in different locations, constantly travelling between those cities where fashion is well known— New York City , London , Paris , and Milan . Second-tier international fashion centre cities include Rome , Florence , Venice , Brescia , Barcelona , Los Angeles , Tokyo , and Moscow . The criteria for runway models include certain height and weight requirements. During runway shows, models have to constantly change clothes and makeup. Models walk, turn, and stand to demonstrate

5217-456: Is sometimes featured in reality TV shows ( America's Next Top Model ). Celebrities , including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, frequently participate in modelling contests, assignments, and contracts in addition to their regular work. Modelling often is a part-time activity. Artist's models pose for any visual artist as part of the creative process . Artist's models are often paid professionals who provide

5358-506: Is the largest parts agency, representing over 300 parts models. Petite models are models that are under the typical height requirements that are expected of fashion models. Petite models typically work more often in commercial and print modelling (rather than runway modelling). The height of models is typically 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) and above for women, and 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) and above for men. Models who are shorter than these heights usually fall under

5499-613: Is too limited to have a full runway fashion show. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics the median earnings for a model in the United States, as of 2021, is $ 34,000 annually. There are approximately 3,200 men and women who work as models full-time in the United States. Glamour modelling focuses on sexuality; thus, general requirements are often unclear, depending more on each case. Glamour models can be any size or shape. A study from 2014 that analysed glamour model profiles estimated that

5640-686: Is very slender. Those not meeting the size requirement may try to become a plus-size model . According to the New York Better Business Career Services website, the preferred dimensions for a male model are a height of 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) to 6 ft 2 in (188 cm), a waist of 26–32 in (66–81 cm) and a chest measurement of 39–40 in (99–102 cm). Male runway models are notably skinny and well toned. Male and female models must also possess clear skin, healthy hair, and attractive facial features. Stringent weight and body proportion guidelines form

5781-651: The African National Congress , invited her to travel to South Africa to meet with their leader. She had previously donated the proceeds from a photo shoot in Tanzania to the ANC. Over the years, Campbell has lent support to many of Mandela's political campaigns and humanitarian causes. In 1993, she became engaged to U2 bassist Adam Clayton . They met in February of that year, after Clayton, when asked in an interview if there

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5922-614: The Barbara Speake Stage School and at age 10 she was accepted into the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts , where she studied ballet . She also attended Dunraven School . In 1978 at age 8, Campbell made her first public appearance in the music video for Bob Marley 's " Is This Love ". She tap-danced in 1983 in the music video for Culture Club 's " I'll Tumble 4 Ya " and "Mistake number 3", in 1984. She had studied dance from age 3 to 16, and originally intended to be

6063-1254: The Council of Fashion Designers of America . In 2019, Campbell received the first beauty contract of her career, with NARS Cosmetics . In the spring of 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic , Campbell began her own web series on YouTube , No Filter with Naomi , in which she conducts conversations with various guests. Her inaugural guest was Cindy Crawford , while subsequent guests ranged from Marc Jacobs , Adut Akech , and Christy Turlington to Ashley Graham and Nicole Richie . The 50th episode of No Filter with Naomi premiered on 16 March 2021, featuring guest Jean Paul Gaultier . Campbell signed with Studio71 in August 2020; under this partnership, Studio71 curates her content with regard to ad sales, channel optimization, and brand partnerships across various platforms including YouTube and Facebook . The public relations firm Sunshine Sachs , hired by Campbell, committed undisclosed paid editing on Campbell's Misplaced Pages page. In these edits, references to her album Baby Woman about her relationship with Mike Tyson were white washed. On 12 January 2021, Campbell

6204-598: The Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008, the Haiti earthquake in 2010, the Japan earthquake in 2011, and the Syrian refugee crisis in 2017. By 2011, Fashion For Relief had reportedly raised £4.5 million. In 2018 Campbell held another Relief charity gala and the theme was Race To Equality. Following the launch of a Charity Commission investigation into Fashion Relief in 2021, Campbell was removed as

6345-526: The Procter & Gamble brand. Fashion model A model is a person with a role either to display commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows ) or to serve as an artist's model or to pose for photography . Modelling ("modeling" in American English ) is considered to be different from other types of public performance , such as acting or dancing ; thus, appearing in

6486-430: The catwalk . In 2015, France passed a law requiring models to be declared healthy by a doctor to participate in fashion shows. The law also requires re-touched images to be marked as such in magazines. Fashion modelling also includes modelling clothing in fashion magazines. In Japan, there are different types of fashion magazine models. Exclusive models ( 専属モデル , senzoku moderu ) are models who regularly appear in

6627-401: The "Brownskin" model, black women refined the social, sexual, and racial realities confined in the gender expectations of the modelling world. There was a profound need for black women to partake in the advertising process for the new "Negro Market". With the help of Branford Models, the first black agency, 1946 was the beginning of the black modelling era. Branford Models' was able to "overturn

6768-533: The "Modern Muses" cover of the Millennium Issue of American Vogue , shot by Annie Leibovitz . The following month, she appeared in a white string bikini and furs on the cover of Playboy . In May 2001, she hosted, alongside supermodel Elle Macpherson the 50th Miss Universe pageant . In October 2001, she appeared with rapper Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs on the cover of British Vogue , with the headline "Naomi and Puff: The Ultimate Power Duo". In 2007, she walked

6909-462: The "doors of social access and visibility to black Americans". The world of fashion was the gateway for social change. "The world of fashion was similarly looked to as a place where the culture could find signs of racial progress. Expressions of beauty and glamour mattered. Good race relations required taking note of who was selling women lipsticks and mini skirts, which meant that advertisers began looking for black models" Black models were looked to as

7050-437: The "million dollar faces" of the beauty industry. These models negotiated previously unheard-of lucrative and exclusive deals with giant cosmetics companies, were instantly recognizable, and their names became well known to the public. By the 1980s, most models could make modeling a full-time career. Patti Hansen , one of the top earning models in 1980, earned $ 200 an hour for print and $ 2,000 for television plus residuals ; it

7191-578: The 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and fashion magazines but desperately needed models. Italian agencies often coerced models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay. They would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from customs agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in hotels such as La Louisiana in Paris or the Arena in Milan to have their hotel rooms raided by

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7332-553: The 1970s, there were several high-profile news stories surrounding the deaths of young fashion models due to eating disorders and drug abuse . The British Fashion Council subsequently asked designers to sign a contract stating they would not use models under the age of sixteen. On March 3, 2012, Vogue banned models under the age of sixteen as well as models who appeared to have an eating disorder. Similarly, other countries placed bans on unhealthy, and underage models, including Spain , Italy , Israel and France , which all enacted

7473-490: The 1970s. From 1989 to 2008, Sandra Brant ran the business and her longtime partner Ingrid Sischy was the editor-in-chief. The magazine's format remained consistent at 60% features and 40% glossy advertising. In 2008, Sischy resigned from Interview when Brant sold her 50 percent stake. For a year and a half the magazine was in flux, edited by Christopher Bollen . Interview restarted under co-editorial directors Fabien Baron and Glenn O'Brien in September 2008, with

7614-616: The AMA-recommended shape, but some – such as Afghan model Zohre Esmaeli – still have 35"-23.5"-35" measurements. Although in some fashion centres, a size 00 is more desirable than a size 0. The often thin shape of many fashion models has been criticised for warping girls' body image and encouraging eating disorders . Organisers of a fashion show in Madrid in September 2006 turned away models who were judged to be underweight by medical personnel who were on hand. In February 2007

7755-717: The Centre for Advanced Studies of Fundamental Human Rights, with the approval of the African Fashion Gate President Hon. Makaziwe Mandela has conferred La Moda Veste la Pace Award on Naomi Elaine Campbell. The awards ceremony, was celebrated in Rome at the seat of the Italian Delegation of the European Commission . In September 2024, Campbell was banned from serving as a charity trustee in the UK for five years after

7896-748: The Children Fund and the Mayor's Fund for London also made complaints to the commission over the charity's failure to fully pay them proceeds from events held in 2017 and 2018. A sum of £345,000 has since been recovered from the charity and donated to the two organisations. Campbell has been convicted of assault on four occasions between 1998 and 2009. In September 1998 she was convicted of assaulting her personal assistant. She pleaded guilty to assaulting her former housekeeper in January 2007. She attended her community service wearing designer outfits, including fedoras, furs and

8037-505: The Elite Model Look competition. In New York, during the 1980s there were so-called "model wars" in which the Ford and Elite agencies fought over models and campaigns. Models were jumping back and forth between agencies such Elite, Wilhelmina, and Ford. In New York, the late 1980s trend was the boyish look in which models had short cropped hair and looked androgynous . In Europe, the trend was

8178-514: The London fashion scene and were well paid, unlike their predecessors. Twiggy became The Face of '66 at the age of 16. At this time, model agencies were not as restrictive about the models they represented, although it was uncommon for them to sign shorter models. Twiggy, who stood at 5 feet 6 inches (168 cm) with a 32" bust and had a boy's haircut, is credited with changing model ideals. At that time, she earned £ 80 (equivalent to £ 1,639.1 or US$ 2,037.32 in 2023) an hour, while

8319-555: The May issue of Vogue Australia, the September issue of Vogue Japan, and the November issue of Vogue Turkey; the latter two were special editions celebrating Campbell and fellow supermodels. Campbell also covered the Vietnamese, Singaporean and the 35th anniversary Latin American edition of Harper's Bazaar . In 2014, Campbell was named TV Personality of the year by Glamour Magazine . The award

8460-545: The New York Times, Banks stated that her first cover on Sports Illustrated "changed [her] life overnight. You have to think back to remember what that did for an appreciation of black beauty to have a black girl, a girl next door type, on the cover of one of the most mass mainstream magazines of our lives. It was a societal statement, a political statement, and an economic one". Now, models like Joan Smalls , Winne Harlow , Slick Woods , Jasmine Sanders and more are continuing

8601-425: The November edition of British Harper's Bazaar in an editorial titled "The Supers vs. Duran Duran". Campbell performed with Kate Moss and other supermodels in the closing ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games , where they modelled haute couture to represent British fashion. Campbell wore a design by Alexander McQueen —a staggered hem gown with a train speckled with flecks of gold. In March 2013, Campbell appeared on

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8742-442: The UK, glamour modelling became a prominent feature of the newspaper industry when The Sun established Page 3 in 1969, a section in their newspaper which featured sexually suggestive images of Penthouse and Playboy models. From 1970 models appeared topless. In the 1980s, The Sun 's competitors followed suit and produced their own Page 3 sections. It was during this time that glamour models first came to prominence with

8883-467: The Vivienne Westwood 1993 Fall catwalk in foot-high platform shoes , which were later displayed at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Despite her success, Elite Model Management , which had represented Campbell since 1987, dropped her contract. In 1995, Campbell walked in the second-ever Victoria's Secret Fashion Show and graced the show's catwalk seven times. Her last catwalk for the brand

9024-589: The World competition, established in 1980. Ford also focused its attention on Brazil, which had a wide array of seemingly "exotic" models, which eventually led to the establishment of Ford Models Brazil. During this time, the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue debuted. The magazine set the trend by photographing "bigger and healthier" California models, and printing their names by their photos, thus turning many of them into household names and establishing

9165-628: The alleged contact book and in flight logs of late American financier and convicted sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein , as well as in photographs with Epstein and his associate Ghislaine Maxwell . In August 2019, Campbell addressed the relationship on her YouTube channel, admitting she knew Epstein after being introduced to him by ex-boyfriend Flavio Briatore , stating: "What he's done is indefensible, when I heard what he had done, it sickened me to my stomach, just like everybody else, because I've had my fair share of sexual predators and thank God I had good people around who protected me from this. I stand with

9306-482: The alleged email exchange and could not comment on its authenticity as The Guardian refused to provide her with a copy or evidence of the exchange. In May 2021, she announced the birth of her daughter. In February 2022, Campbell confirmed to Vogue that her daughter was not adopted, posing with her child for a photoshoot. In June 2023, she announced the birth of her son. Campbell shared that her daughter and son were both delivered via surrogate. In 2002, Campbell won

9447-529: The average salary of a non-Page 3 model, as of 2011, was between £10,000 and 20,000. In the early 2000s, glamour models, and aspiring glamour models, appeared on reality television shows such as Big Brother to gain fame. Several Big Brother alumni parlayed their fifteen minutes of fame into successful glamour modelling careers. However, partly because of competition from the upcoming internet -giving audiences access to large amounts of, often free, online content- and its own glamour stars, such as Jordan Capri ,

9588-478: The average wage was £ 15 (equivalent to £ 307.33 or US$ 382 in 2023) a week. In 1967, seven of the top model agents in London formed the Association of London Model Agents. The formation of this association helped legitimise modelling and changed the fashion industry. Even with a more professional attitude towards modelling, models were still expected to have their hair and makeup done before they arrived at

9729-481: The barriers facing African Americans in the early postwar period," especially by lifting at least one economic freedom. In this postwar America, the demand for such presence in magazines advanced "as a stage for models to display consumer goods" while assisting "in constructing a new visual discourse of urban middle-class African America". In March 1966, Donyale Luna became the African-American model to appear on

9870-433: The campaign features familiar faces from the ’90s and 2000s, as well as new model-ambassadors Paloma Elsesser , Adut Akech, Emily Ratajkowski , and Hailey Bieber . The same month, Hugo Boss launched its new collection, featuring Campbell (dubbed as "Queen Boss"), Suki Waterhouse , Matteo Berrettini , and Lee Min-ho in its campaign. On 5 September 2023, Campbell debuted her new collaboration with PrettyLittleThing during

10011-416: The category of petite or commercial models. Podium models differ from runway models in that they do not walk down a runway, but rather just stand on an elevated platform. They resemble live mannequins placed in various places throughout an event. Attendees can walk up to the models and inspect and even feel the clothing. Podium Modelling is a practical alternative way of presenting a fashion show when space

10152-446: The catwalk for Dior 's 60th-anniversary fashion show at Versailles . In July 2008, she appeared with fellow black models Liya Kebede , Sessilee Lopez and Jourdan Dunn on the gatefold cover of a landmark all-black issue of Italian Vogue , shot by Steven Meisel . In September of that year, Campbell reunited with Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, Claudia Schiffer and Stephanie Seymour for "A League of Their Own",

10293-513: The catwalk, editorial spreads, and campaigns". The lack of representation was, in part, due to the belief that "black girls don't push products", which "encouraged people who work directly and indirectly in the industry to speak out on the injustices that go on within it". In the 1990s, it was quite clear that the top designers simply preferred a new aesthetic that excluded models of colour, which resulted in only 6% of runway models to be women of colour. Campbell's Diversity Coalition's primary mission

10434-801: The catwalks and appeared in advertising campaigns for Marc Jacobs , Yves Saint Laurent , Chloé , Diane Von Furstenberg , Prada , Chanel , Givenchy , Dolce & Gabbana , Burberry , Zac Posen , Blumarine , Karl Lagerfeld , Gianfranco Ferré , Versace , Helmut Lang , Christian Dior , John Galliano , Ralph Lauren , Jean Paul Gaultier , Tommy Hilfiger , Oscar de la Renta , Michael Kors , Anna Sui , Louis Vuitton , Hermés , Marchesa , Roberto Cavalli , Valentino , Fendi , Escada , Isaac Mizrahi , La Perla , Philipp Plein , Mango , Thierry Mugler , Balmain , Nars , David Yurman , Alessandro Dell'Acqua , DSquared2 , Express , H&M , Bloomingdale's , Dillard's , Neiman Marcus , Gap , Avon , Revlon and Victoria's Secret . Despite her status as

10575-450: The charity teamed up with YOOX China and leading global and Chinese fashion designers, including Phillip Lim and Masha Ma , to design Chinese-themed T-shirts to help fund its efforts and the various international charities it works with. Since 2007, Campbell has been the honorary president of Athla Onlus, an Italian organisation that works to further the social integration of young people with learning disabilities. In 2009, Campbell became

10716-474: The charity's fundraising initiative Fashion Targets Breast Cancer, and she opened a Breakthrough breast cancer research unit in 2009. In 2005, Campbell founded the charity We Love Brazil, which aims to raise awareness and funds to fight poverty in Brazil through the sale of fabrics made by local women. That same year, Campbell founded the charity Fashion for Relief , which has organised fund-raising fashion shows to benefit victims of Hurricane Katrina in 2005,

10857-429: The cover and on every page. The idea came from Warhol's collaborator and filmmaker Paul Morrissey , who told Colacello, "Just put one on every page and it'll be funny." By 1972, Interview had a circulation of 30,000, mostly subscriptions. O'Brien worked with artist Richard Bernstein to create the new cursive Interview logo, which is still used today. The magazine increased size, started printing color covers, and

10998-408: The cover of British Vogue , as that publication's first black cover girl since 1966. In August 1988, she became the first black model to appear on the cover of French Vogue , after designer Yves St. Laurent threatened to withdraw his advertising from the magazine if it didn't place Naomi on its cover. The following year, she appeared on the cover of American Vogue , which marked the first time

11139-414: The cover of the British edition of Vogue . While they represented diversity, a major gap in the fashion industry, it was only until the 1970s that black models had a substantial presence in the modelling world. Known as the "Black is Beautiful" movement, the 1970s became the era of the black model. With growing disenfranchisement and racial inequality, the United States recognised the urgency of opening

11280-632: The diamonds were given to her as a gift by unknown men that she assumed were sent by Taylor. She later gave the diamonds to Jeremy Ractliffe, the then director of the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund , as a donation to charity. Suspecting they were illegal, Ractliffe never donated them and kept them in his possession. On 5 August 2010, South African police seized the diamonds from him. Campbell was never charged due to her lack of criminal intent ( mens rea ). Since 1999, Campbell has released 25 fragrances for women via her eponymous perfume house, under

11421-483: The exact opposite. During this time, many American models who were considered more feminine-looking moved abroad. By the mid-1980s, big hair was made popular by some musical groups, and the boyish look was out. The hourglass figure , a fashionable trend from the late 1940s to the early 1960s, has made a comeback. The high fashion models of the late 1980s dominated the early 1990s. In 1990, Linda Evangelista famously said to Vogue , "we don't wake up for less than $ 10,000

11562-437: The expense of a model. In 14th-century Europe , fashion had been displayed in miniature form to (often royal) clients by fashion dolls , before the clothes were made in human size. Modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by Charles Frederick Worth , the "father of haute couture ", when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the potential clients for the clothes he designed. The term "house model"

11703-517: The fashion community. Wilhelmina Cooper 's measurements were 38"-24"-36" whereas Chanel Iman 's measurements are 32"-23"-33". In 1946, Ford Models was established by Eileen and Gerard Ford in New York, making it one of the oldest model agencies in the world. In the 1960s, the modelling world established modelling agencies . Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models' agents charging them weekly rates for their messages and bookings. For

11844-597: The fashion industry. In 1997, she stated, "There is prejudice. It is a problem and I can't go along any more with brushing it under the carpet. This business is about selling, and blonde and blue-eyed girls are what sells." A decade later, she again spoke out against discrimination, stating, "The American president may be black, but as a black woman, I am still an exception in this business. I always have to work harder to be treated equally." In 2013, Campbell joined fellow black models Iman and Bethann Hardison in an advocacy group called "Diversity Coalition". In an open letter to

11985-482: The fashion industry. With the addition of newcomer Kate Moss , they were collectively known as the "Big Six". In March 1991, Campbell walked the catwalk for Versace with Turlington, Evangelista and Crawford, arm-in-arm and lip-synching the words to "Freedom! '90". Later that year, she starred as Michael Jackson 's love interest in the music video for " In the Closet ". In April 1992, she posed with several other models for

12126-555: The fashion, and for the Americans, black models as well. Oscar de la Renta stated "it was the black models that had made the difference." Pat Cleveland , Bethann Hardiason , Billie Blair , Jennifer Brice, Alva Chinn , and Ramona Saunders , were among the many black models that helped Team America win and stun the French competition. This competition made the black model a worldwide phenomenon. The French were beginning to welcome diversity on

12267-465: The fight for black presence in the modelling world and using their successors as inspiration. A fit model (sometimes fitting model ) is a person who is used by a fashion designer or clothing manufacturer to check the fit, drape and visual appearance of a design on a representative human being, effectively acting as a live mannequin . Some models are employed for their body parts. For example, hand models may be used to promote products held in

12408-487: The foundation to fund AIDS research . In February 2021, Campbell was a signatory on an open letter decrying Ghana 's stance on gay rights . She was joined by other signers, like actor Idris Elba and Vogue Magazine editor-in-chief Edward Enninful . In July 2021, Campbell condemned racist attacks on black players for the England national football team , including Bukayo Saka , Marcus Rashford and Jadon Sancho , after

12549-495: The glamour market growing, fashion moved away from the waifs and onto Brazilian bombshells. The glamour market, consisting mostly of commercial fashion and print models, became its own genre due to its popularity. Even in a large market like the United Kingdom, however, glamour models are not usually signed exclusively to one agency as they can not rely financially on one agency to provide them with enough work. It was, and still is,

12690-526: The globe. In the Life Magazine issue, Black Beauty, a new agency that represented black models, had a spread in the magazine that showcased 39 black models. Each one of the models had unique features, allowing black expression to progress through this historic magazine spread. With the movement's presence both in magazines and on the runway, designers began to realise the need to include black models on their runways and advertisements. The Battle of Versailles

12831-412: The governing bodies of global fashion weeks, they named high-profile designers who used just one or no models of colour in their Autumn 2013 shows, calling it a "racist act". Campbell is involved with several charitable causes. She supports the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund , for which she organised a benefit Versace fashion show in 1998. Held at Nelson Mandela 's South African presidential residence,

12972-1024: The hand and nail -related products. (e.g. rings, other jewelry or nail polish ). They are frequently part of television commercials. Many parts models have exceptionally attractive body parts, but there is also demand for unattractive or unusual looking body parts for particular campaigns. Hands are the most in-demand body parts. Feet models are also in high demand, particularly those that fit sample-size shoes. Models are also successful modelling other specific parts including abs, arms, back, bust or chest, legs, and lips. Some petite models (females who are under 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) and do not qualify as fashion models) have found success in women's body part modelling. Parts model divisions can be found at agencies worldwide. Several agencies solely represent parts models, including Hired Hands in London, Body Parts Models in Los Angeles, Carmen Hand Model Management in New York and Parts Models in New York. Parts Models

13113-584: The hundredth-anniversary cover of American Vogue , shot by Patrick Demarchelier . That same year, she appeared in Madonna 's controversial book Sex , in a set of nude photos with Madonna and rapper Big Daddy Kane . In 1993, Campbell twice appeared on the cover of American Vogue ; in April, alongside Christy Turlington, Claudia Schiffer, Stephanie Seymour and Helena Christensen , and again, solo, in June. She also fell on

13254-522: The inaugural cover of Numéro Russia. Campbell also became involved in reality television through the modelling competition The Face and its international offshoots. In the U.S., she served as a coach and judge, along with Karolina Kurkova and Coco Rocha , on Oxygen 's The Face , hosted by photographer Nigel Barker . She also hosted the British version of the show, which aired on Sky Living later that same year, and The Face Australia , which ran on Fox8 in 2014. In 2014, Campbell covered

13395-403: The innovators, Ford Models, was the first agency to advance models money they were owed and would often allow teen models, who did not live locally, to reside in their house, a precursor to model housing. The innovations of the 1960s flowed into the 1970s fashion scene. As a result of model industry associations and standards, model agencies became more business minded, and more thought went into

13536-480: The investigation found "multiple instances of misconduct and / or mismanagement" including that between April 2016 and July 2022, Fashion for Relief spent only 8.5% of its income on charitable grants, while making unauthorised payments to other trustees and advisors. These included paying for Campbell's stay at a five-star hotel in Cannes, France, as well as spa treatments, room service, security and cigarettes. The charity

13677-456: The issue as a hallmark of supermodel status. The 1970s marked numerous milestones in fashion. Beverly Johnson was the first black woman to appear on the cover of U.S. Vogue in 1974. Models, including Iman , Grace Jones , Pat Cleveland , Alva Chinn , Donyale Luna , Minah Bird , Naomi Sims , and Toukie Smith were some of the top black fashion models who paved the way for black women in fashion. In 1975, Margaux Hemingway landed

13818-456: The late Gianni Versace , alongside Schiffer, Crawford, Christensen, and Carla Bruni and also featured in the campaign for the collection. In February 2018, Campbell and Moss returned to the catwalk and closed Kim Jones ' final menswear show for Louis Vuitton. In April, she featured on the cover of British GQ alongside rapper Skepta . In June 2018, Campbell received the Fashion Icon award by

13959-478: The late 1940s, when the world's first three supermodels, Barbara Goalen , Bettina Graziani and Lisa Fonssagrives began commanding very large sums. During the 1940s and 1950s, Graziani was the most photographed woman in France and the undisputed queen of couture, while Fonssagrives appeared on over 200 Vogue covers; her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping the careers of fashion models. One of

14100-442: The late 1980s, Campbell, with Christy Turlington and Linda Evangelista , had formed a trio known as the "Trinity", who became the most recognisable and in-demand models of their generation. When faced with racial discrimination , Campbell received support from her white friends; she later quoted Turlington and Evangelista as telling Dolce & Gabbana , "If you don't use Naomi, you don't get us." In December 1987, she appeared on

14241-422: The late 1990s, the heroin chic era had run its course. Teen-inspired clothing infiltrated mainstream fashion, teen pop music was on the rise, and artists such as Britney Spears , Aaliyah and Christina Aguilera popularised pleather and bare midriffs. As fashion changed to a more youthful demographic , the models who rose to fame had to be sexier for the digital age. Following Gisele Bündchen 's breakthrough,

14382-462: The likes of Samantha Fox . As a result, the United Kingdom has a very large glamour market and numerous glamour modelling agencies. It was not until the 1990s that modern glamour modelling was established. During this time, the fashion industry was promoting models with waif bodies and androgynous-looking women, which left a void. Several fashion models, who were deemed too commercial, and too curvaceous, were frustrated with industry standards, and took

14523-557: The mean values of female models were 1.68 m (height), 54 kg (weight) and 0.73 (waist-to-hip ratio). There is no industry standard for glamour modelling and it varies greatly by country. For the most part, glamour models are limited to modelling in calendars , men's magazines , such as Playboy , bikini modelling, lingerie modelling, fetish modelling , music videos, and extra work in films. However, some extremely popular glamour models transition into commercial print modelling, appearing in swimwear , bikini and lingerie campaigns. In

14664-593: The mid-1990s, Campbell also had small roles in Miami Rhapsody and Spike Lee 's Girl 6 , as well as a recurring role on the second season of New York Undercover . In 1998, Time declared the end of the supermodel era. Campbell continued modelling, both on the catwalk and, more frequently, in print. In 1999, she signed her first cosmetics contract with Cosmopolitan Cosmetics, a division of Wella , through which she launched several signature fragrances. In November of that year, she posed with 12 other top models for

14805-544: The mid‑1990s, the new " heroin chic " trend became popular amongst New York and London editorial clients. Kate Moss became its poster child through her ads for Calvin Klein . With the popularity of lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret , and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , there was a need for healthier-looking supermodels such as Tyra Banks and Heidi Klum to meet commercial modelling demand. The mid‑1990s also saw many Asian countries establishing modelling agencies. By

14946-447: The modelling-competition reality show The Face and its international offshoots. Campbell is also involved in charity work for various causes. She was banned from being a trustee of any charity in the United Kingdom for five years in September 2024 following a misconduct investigation that determined that her charity spent only 8.5% of its income on charitable grants, while making unauthorised payments such as paying for Campbell's stay at

15087-583: The models may not return to work less than twelve hours after they leave; a pediatric nurse must be on-site; an adult chaperone must accompany models under sixteen; parents or guardians of underage models must create a trust fund account into which employers will transfer a minimum of 15% of the child model 's gross earnings; and employers must set aside time and a dedicated space for educational instruction. Catwalk or runway models display clothes from fashion designers, fashion media, and consumers. They are also called "live models" and are self-employed. Their height

15228-421: The most famous black model of her time, Campbell never earned the same volume of advertising assignments as her white colleagues, and she was not signed by a cosmetics company until as late as 1999. In 1991, she said, "I may be considered one of the top models in the world, but in no way do I make the same money as any of them." Throughout her career, Campbell has been outspoken against the racial bias that exists in

15369-412: The most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a person's earnings, so they referred to themselves as secretaries. Except for a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labour laws governing modelling in various countries. In

15510-468: The most popular models during the 1940s was Jinx Falkenburg , who was paid $ 25 per hour, a large sum at the time; through the 1950s, Wilhelmina Cooper , Jean Patchett , Dovima , Dorian Leigh , Suzy Parker , Evelyn Tripp and Carmen Dell'Orefice also dominated fashion. Dorothea Church was among the first black models in the industry to gain recognition in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside

15651-423: The offline glamour market became saturated by the mid-2000s, and numerous men's magazines including Arena , Stuff and FHM in the United States went under. During this time, there was a growing trend of glamour models, including Kellie Acreman and Lauren Pope, becoming DJs to supplement their income. In a 2012 interview, Keeley Hazell said that going topless is not the best way to achieve success and that "[she]

15792-557: The phones and styled shoots. Over time, Warhol withdrew from everyday oversight of Interview but he continued to act as an ambassador for the magazine, distributing issues in the street to passersby and promoting the magazine at events. In 1989, Brant Publications Inc. acquired Interview magazine from the estate of Andy Warhol for $ 10 million. Art collector Peter Brant and his then-wife Sandra Brant were friends of Warhol, who died in 1987, and they had briefly invested in Interview in

15933-640: The police looking for their work visas. It was rumoured that competing agencies were behind the raids. This led many agencies to form worldwide chains; for example, the Marilyn Agency has branches in Paris and New York. By the late 1960s, London was considered the best market in Europe due to its more organised and innovative approach to modelling. It was during this period that models began to become household names. Models such as Jean Shrimpton , Tania Mallet , Celia Hammond , Twiggy , and Penelope Tree dominated

16074-412: The runway and in their advertising. With the recognition Versailles had given, black presence in the modelling world carried out into the 1980s and the 1990s. The models were now known by name and the publicity that came with the designers they were modelling for. With the rise of the supermodel, models like Naomi Campbell and Tyra Banks paved the way for black success. Naomi Campbell , born in London,

16215-587: The runway as a teen, she took over countless pop culture platforms. Being the first black model to cover Sports Illustrated , Banks was one of the most prominent models in the early 2000s. Covering Sports Illustrated , Elle , Essence , Vogue , and walking for Chanel , Chrisitan Dior , and Claude Monanta, Banks was truly dominating the fashion world. In addition, she acted in Fresh Prince of Bel Air and created her own reality competition show called America's Next Top Model . In conversation with Trebay of Los

16356-492: The selection criteria by which established, and would‑be, models are judged for their placement suitability, on an ongoing basis. There can be some variation regionally, and by market tier, subject to current prevailing trends at any point, in any era, by agents, agencies and end-clients. Formerly, the required measurements for models were 35"-23.5"-35" in (90-60-90 cm), the alleged measurements of Marilyn Monroe . Today's fashion models tend to have measurements closer to

16497-477: The self-discipline to be an aesthetic, or the sassy confidence to be a total fatty hedonist. They're like, 'Pick a lane.'" The arrival of black women modelling as a profession began in early postwar America. It started most notably from the need of advertisers and a rise of black photography magazines. The women who advanced in such careers were those in a middle-class system emphasising the conservative value of marriage, motherhood, and domesticity. Originally titled

16638-424: The show was the subject of a documentary titled FashionKingdom , or alternatively, Naomi Conquers Africa . Campbell, whose mother has battled breast cancer, also supports Breakthrough Breast Cancer . In 2004, she was featured on FHM 's charity single Do Ya Think I'm Sexy? , as well as in the accompanying music video, of which all profits were donated to Breakthrough. She appeared in a print and media campaign for

16779-462: The team's defeat to Italy in the UEFA Euro 2020 soccer final, disclosing via an Instagram post that it was disgusting to read of the abuses and encouraging players not to let the ignorant voices in. In the same month, Campbell wrote an open letter to former South African president Jacob Zuma , condemning riots and unrest that had broken out in the country following Zuma's incarceration. For 2023,

16920-454: The time to sit down and write a book." That same year, she released her album Baby Woman , which was named after designer Rifat Ozbek 's nickname for Campbell. Produced by Youth and Tim Simenon , the album was only commercially successful in Japan, with its only single, "Love and Tears", reaching No. 40 on the charts. Baby Woman was mocked by critics, inspiring the Naomi Awards . During

17061-555: The vehicle of social change. They were given the opportunity to balance out the lack of presence of black individuals in the mainstream culture. Agencies were beginning to scout black models and focus on the social change they were contributing to. Life magazine in October 1969, covered their issue with Naomi Sims , one of the most influential black models in the industry. Her rise to fame led to her being hired by international magazines and working on individual projects with designers across

17202-494: The victims. They're scarred for life. For life." However, Campbell's claims are disputed by Epstein victim Virginia Roberts Giuffre , claiming Campbell was aware and a close friend of Maxwell. In 2022, The Guardian reported on an alleged email exchange from May 2010 between Campbell and Saif Gaddafi, in which Campbell described Maxwell as a "great friend" and inquired about arranging a visit to Libya for Maxwell. Campbell's spokesperson responded by stating that she did not recognize

17343-464: Was able to land roles on Home Improvement and Baywatch . In the mid-1990s, a series of men's magazines were established such as Maxim , FHM , and Stuff . At the same time, magazines including Sweden's Slitz (formerly a music magazine) re-branded themselves as men's magazines. Pre-internet, these magazines were popular among men in their late teens and early twenties because they were considered more tasteful than their predecessors. With

17484-442: Was announced on May 21, 2018, that the publication 'folded' and would end both its print and web publications by the end of 2018. The publication also filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and liquidation. In August 2018, it was reported that a company owned by Peter Brant, Singleton LLC, purchased Interview out of bankruptcy for $ 1.5 million. On September 6, 2018, Interview announced the launch of its 521st issue. The magazine

17625-593: Was anything in the world he desired but did not have, responded: "A date with Naomi Campbell". Campbell and Clayton separated the following year. In 1995, she dated Leonardo DiCaprio . From 1998 to 2003, she was in a relationship with Formula One racing head Flavio Briatore ; they were engaged. Campbell now considers Briatore her "mentor". From 2008 until 2013, she was in a relationship with Russian businessman Vladislav Doronin . She also had relationships with Robert De Niro , Hassan Jameel , Sean "Diddy" Combs , and Usher . In 2019, she dated Skepta . Campbell appears in

17766-477: Was appointed as a tourism ambassador by the Kenyan Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife. In February, Campbell appeared on the cover of i-D 's spring issue, describing it as one of the few times she's had the opportunity to work with a photographer of colour. The following month, Campbell was named as the face of the relaunch advertising campaign for streetwear brand Hood by Air . In July 2022, Campbell

17907-463: Was awarded Honorary Patronage of Trinity College 's University Philosophical Society for her charitable and professional work. In 2010, Sarah Brown presented her with an "Outstanding Contribution" award from British Elle for her work as an ambassador for the White Ribbon Alliance, as well as her work in the fashion industry. In 2016, amfAR honoured Campbell for her 31 years working with

18048-563: Was awarded an honorary doctorate by UCA ( University for the Creative Arts ) in the south of London for her impact on global fashion. Campbell executive produced the film Invisible Beauty about Bethann Hardison , which premiered at the 2023 Sundance Film Festival . Victoria's Secret revealed the Icon Collection in August 2023, which features Campbell along with Gisele Bündchen and Candice Swanepoel . Photographed by Mikael Jansson ,

18189-466: Was born in 1985. Campbell is of Black-Jamaican and Chinese-Jamaican descent. Her Chinese heritage comes through her maternal grandmother, whose surname was Ming. Campbell spent her early years in Rome , Italy, where her mother worked as a modern dancer . On their return to London, she lived with relatives while her mother travelled across Europe with the dance troupe Fantastica. From age three, Campbell attended

18330-447: Was coined to describe this type of work. Eventually, this became common practice for Parisian fashion houses . There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, and most designers would use women of varying sizes to demonstrate variety in their designs . The modelling profession expanded to photo modelling with the development of fashion photography . Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until

18471-439: Was distributed regularly for 50 cents per copy. The magazine was transformed to become a "reflection of Andy’s social life" said Colacello. "We wanted every issue of Interview to be like a great dinner party, where you have a grande dame, an important political figure, a rock star, an up-and-coming actress, and some model." Warhol hosted parties for the magazine at New York hotspots such as Studio 54 and Regine's . He used

18612-860: Was established in London with only a men's board, the first of its kind. Elite Models was founded in Paris in 1975, as well as Friday's Models in Japan . The next year Cal-Carries was established in Singapore , the first of a chain of agencies in Asia. In 1977, Select Model Management and Why Not Models in Milan opened its doors. By the 1980s, agencies such as Premier Model Management, Storm Models, Mikas, Marilyn, and Metropolitan Models had been established. In October 1981, Life cited Shelley Hack , Lauren Hutton and Iman for Revlon , Margaux Hemingway for Fabergé , Karen Graham for Estée Lauder , Cristina Ferrare for Max Factor , and Cheryl Tiegs for CoverGirl by proclaiming them

18753-552: Was estimated that she earned about $ 300,000 a year in 1980 (equivalent to $ 931,463 in 2023). It was common for models to travel abroad and work throughout Europe. As modeling became global, numerous agencies began to think globally. In 1980, Ford Models, the innovator of scouting, introduced the Ford Models Supermodel of the World contest. That same year, John Casablancas opened Elite Models in New York. In 1981, cosmetics companies began contracting top models to lucrative endorsement deals . By 1983, Elite had developed its own contest,

18894-678: Was featured in a two-episode arc in American Horror Story: Hotel , as a Vogue fashion editor named Claudia Bankson. In 2016, Campbell was cast as a recurring character Rose Crane, mother of Alexandra Crane played by Ryan Destiny , and wife of Ronald Crane played by Lenny Kravitz , in Fox newest musical drama Star (TV series) . In 2016, Campbell appeared in the music video for Anohni 's single " Drone Bomb Me ". In September 2017, Campbell appeared in Versace's Spring/Summer 2018 show celebrating

19035-468: Was in 2005. When asked why she never became a full-time Angel, the supermodel simply stated: "[they] could not afford me". In 1997, Campbell became the first black woman ever to open a Prada show. In the mid-1990s, Campbell branched out into other areas of the entertainment industry. Her novel Swan , about a supermodel dealing with blackmail, was released in 1994. It was ghostwritten by Caroline Upcher, with Campbell stating that she "just did not have

19176-423: Was lucky to be in that 1% of people that get that, and become really successful." Interview (magazine) Pop artist Andy Warhol founded Interview with British journalist John Wilcock in 1969. In the beginning, the magazine was merely a film critique spread published under the title inter/VIEW: A Monthly Film Journal . During this period, Warhol was retired from painting to focus on filmmaking and building

19317-405: Was one of the most notable moments in fashion history that put black models on the map. Eleanor Lambert , creator of Fashion Week and a major "[controller] of the narrative of American fashion", set up a dinner and a fundraiser to both increase American fashion visibility and restore the palace of Versailles. Five French designers and five American designers battled it out on the runway, showing off

19458-601: Was presented at the annual Glamour Women of The Year Awards in London. The following year, she closed the Fall/Winter Zac Posen show at New York Fashion Week , and featured in Spring/Summer 2015 campaigns for Burberry and lingerie retailer Agent Provocateur . In 2015, Campbell signed on as a recurring character in the Fox drama Empire as Camilla Marks, a fashion designer and love interest to Hakeem Lyon, portrayed by Bryshere Y. Gray . In October 2015, Campbell

19599-465: Was reported to the Charity Commission after Fashion for Relief held an event at the British Museum in 2019 claimed to be held in partnership with Unicef . Unicef said it was unaware of the event, was never a partner of Fashion for Relief, and received no money from the charity. Question was also raised as to why Campbell was described as a Unicef "envoy" when she held no official role with Unicef. Save

19740-441: Was the first black model to cover American Vogue , TIME magazine , Russian Vogue, and the first British black model to cover British vogue. Brands like Chanel , Louis Vitton , Balmain , Prada , and more have all featured Campbell in their campaigns. She used her remarkable success to achieve more than fashion excellence. By the mid-1990s, black presence in the modelling world had dramatically decreased. Designers began to favour

19881-437: Was to "expedite inclusion on the runway by deliberately calling out designers who have executed acts of racism on the runway". According to Campbell, it was their choice to not include black models on the runway and desire a uniformed runway that resulted in a racist act. Although such a dramatic effort to exclude black presence from the fashion world, models like Tyra Banks and Veronica Webb persisted. Banks not only dominated

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