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50-404: Namukku Parkkan Munthirithoppukal ( transl.   Vineyards for us to dwell in ) is a 1986 Indian Malayalam -language romance drama film written and directed by Padmarajan based on the 1986 novel Nammukku Gramangalil Chennu Rapparkkam by K. K. Sudhakaran. The film stars Mohanlal , Shari , Thilakan , Vineeth , and Kaviyoor Ponnamma . The music was composed by Johnson . The plot

100-455: A century, New York's Cornell University , the University of California, Davis , and California State University, Fresno , among others, have been conducting scientific experiments to improve viticulture and educate practitioners. The research includes developing improved grape varieties and investigating pest control. The International Grape Genome Program is a multi-national effort to discover

150-494: A day when Sofia is alone at home for some time, attacks her, renders her unconscious, and rapes her. Solomon, his mother, and Sofia's mother come home to discover a distraught Sofia and learn of the rape. Solomon's mother decides once and for all that her son should not enter into an alliance with such a family or a girl. Fighting with his mother, Solomon leaves on his bike. Sofia is consoled by her mother that nothing has happened, and she accepts it tearfully but expresses her pain that

200-512: A genetic means to improving quality, increasing yield and providing a "natural" resistance to pests. The implementation of mechanical harvesting is often stimulated by changes in labor laws, labor shortages, and bureaucratic complications. It can be expensive to hire labor for short periods of time, which does not square well with the need to reduce production costs and harvest quickly, often at night. However, very small vineyards, incompatible widths between rows of grape vines and steep terrain hinder

250-529: A new composer. In 2003 he did the background score for the NFDC movie Parinamam (The Change) directed by P. Venu .In 2004, he sang the song "Theekuruvi" from Kangalal Kaidhu Sei , which was composed by A. R. Rahman . Perhaps it is the only song recorded by him for any composer other than himself. He returned strongly to the field with Photographer in 2006, which fetched him numerous awards. Johnson has released four non-film albums. His first album Sneha Deepika

300-404: A person who ought to be in her father's position did this to her. Paul Pailokkaran returns home and is not remorseful. He taunts Sofia and her mother that now no one will come to marry her. In the wee hours of the next morning, everyone is awakened by the resounding horn of a tanker lorry. After the second horn, Solomon comes to the door of Sophie's home, calling out for her. Paul Pailokkaran opens

350-524: Is a 500-square-metre vineyard which is part of a larger consolidated vineyard. Investors purchase a piece of land within a vineyard, and outsource the grape maintenance and production operations to an outside grape grower or wine producers. Because they are contracting under a co-operative structure, they benefit from economies of scale and hence cheaper labour and operational costs. Johnson (composer) Thattil Antony Johnson (26 March 1953 – 18 August 2011), popularly known as Johnson Master ,

400-406: Is a folk song. National film award committee noted that he brilliantly integrated western folk tunes into this song. The award was given for best music direction and background score of this film. He has received three Kerala State Film Award for Best Music Director , for the films Ormakkayi (1982), Vadakkunokkiyantram and Mazhavil Kavadi (1989), and Angane Oru Avadhikkalathu (1999). He

450-512: Is also noted for his collaboration with the Malayalam lyricist Kaithapram Damodaran Namboothiri . Their association began in 1989 with Sathyan Anthikkad 's social satire Varavelpu . Most of Johnson's notable works were in the late eighties and early nineties. In 1991, he scored a record number of 31 films, including 29 with Kaithapram. Johnson won National awards for two consecutive years. He won his first National Award for best music direction for

500-611: Is centered around a Malayali Syrian Christian- Nasrani ("Nazarene") family. Throughout the story, there are references to the Biblical book Song of Songs where it depicts the romantic dialogue between a young woman and her lover. For the film, Venu won the National Film Award for Best Cinematography and Shari won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress and Filmfare Award for Best Actress in Malayalam . The film

550-528: Is composed by Johnson Vineyard The earliest evidence of wine production dates from between 6000 and 5000 BC. Wine making technology improved considerably with the ancient Greeks but it was not until the end of the Roman Empire that cultivation techniques as we know them were common throughout Europe. In medieval Europe the Catholic Church was a staunch supporter of wine, which was necessary for

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600-477: Is regarded as a cult classic and is considered one of the best romantic Malayalam films ever made. Solomon's mother, a college-going cousin, Antony, and a female relative who helps at the house live in Mysore . Paul Pailokkaran, a railway employee, his wife, a nurse, and two young daughters, Sofia and college-going Elizabeth, are the new inhabitants at the neighboring house. Solomon lives in a farm and vineyard he owns on

650-1038: Is widely accepted to be one of the greatest director-composer collaborations in Malayalam cinema. Acclaimed Malayalam director Bharathan also collaborated with him in multiple films including Parvathy, Palangal, Ormakkayi , Kattathe Kilikkoodu, Ente Upasana, Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam , Ozhivukalam, Malootty , Chamayam and Churam . His major other collaborations with directors include Mohan ( Oru Katha Oru Nunakkatha, Sakshyam, Pakshe and Angane Oru Avadhikkalathu ), Sibi Malayil ( Kireedam , Chenkol , Dasaratham and Nee Varuvolam ), Sreenivasan ( Vadakkunokkiyantram and Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala ), Lohithadas ( Bhoothakkannadi , Kamal ( Peruvannapurathe Visheshangal , Shubhayathra , Ee Puzhayum Kadannu and Paavam Paavam Rajakumaran ), and Balachandra Menon ( Shesham Kazhchayil, Premageethangal, Kilukilukkam , Kelkatha Shabdam and Nayam Vyakthamakkunnu ). He

700-557: The Vitis vinifera grape. In the late 19th century, the entire species was nearly destroyed in an event known as the Great French Wine Blight , in which the grape pest phylloxera , an insect related to aphids , was accidentally introduced to Europe from North America. Native American grapevines include varieties such as Vitis labrusca , which are resistant to the insect. Vitis vinifera varieties were saved by being grafted onto

750-668: The Mullasserry Raju Music Award for the song "Enthe Kannanu Karuppu Niram", also from the same film. In addition, he has received numerous other awards and nominations including Devarajan Master Memorial Award and Raveendran Master Memorial Award. Johnson died at his home in Chennai on 18 August 2011 at the age of 58, due to a massive heart attack. He was survived by his wife Rani Johnson, son Renn Johnson and daughter Shan Johnson. Renn Johnson died on 25 February 2012 in

800-638: The National film Awards. He died of a heart attack in Chennai on 18 August 2011. Johnson was born in Nellikkunnu near Trichur (Thrissur) in the state of Travancore-Cochin (now part of Kerala ), on 26 March 1953. His father, the late Thattil Antony, was a bank employee. His secondary education was at St. Thomas School in Thope, Trichur. Johnson was a singer in the choir of Nellikkunnu St. Sebastian's Church. He used to sing in youth festivals and musical shows and joined

850-690: The New World is significant. Europe's 1.6 million vineyards are an average of 0.2 km (49 acres) each, while the average Australian vineyard is 0.5 km (120 acres), providing considerable economies of scale . Exports to Europe from New World growers increased by 54% in the six years up to 2006. There have also been significant changes in the kinds of grapes that are grown. For example, in Chile, large areas of low-quality grapes have been replaced with such grapes as Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon . In Argentina, due to an economic down-turn, acreage of Malbec

900-562: The celebration of the Mass . During the lengthy instability of the Middle Ages, the monasteries maintained and developed viticultural practices, having the resources, security, stability and interest in improving the quality of their vines. They owned and tended the best vineyards in Europe, and vinum theologium was considered superior to all others. European vineyards were planted with a wide variety of

950-425: The chirping of birds, and going around in his tanker lorry. But when Solomon informs his mother of his love, she first disagrees with the marriage as Paul Pailokkaran is an uncouth person, and he further reveals Sofia's birth secret to Solomon's mother in an attempt to prevent her marriage with Solomon. Solomon finally manages to convince his mother and the wedding plans are set in motion. An irked Paul Pailokkaran, on

1000-542: The dawn, both of them smiling and hugging each other. The title of the film and novel is based upon a passage from the Biblical book of The Song of Solomon or Song of Songs , Chapter 7:12: "Let us get up early to the vineyards." The protagonist quotes this passage at one point during the film. The film is based on the 1986 novel Nammukku Gramangalil Chennu Rapparkkam by K. K. Sudhakaran. The film features original songs composed by Johnson with lyrics by O. N. V. Kurup . All lyrics are written by O. N. V. Kurup ; all music

1050-461: The detailed screenplay and cinematography of Padmarajan become a fertile ground for expressive musical narration and thematic scores for Johnson. This is seen in some of the greatest motion pictures of Malayalam cinema, like Nombarathipoovu (1987). Another notable collaboration of Johnson was with director Sathyan Anthikkad , with whom he associated in almost 25 films. He was able to provide some of his most popular songs with Anthikkad and this combo

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1100-411: The development of "T" budding now permits the grafting of a different grape variety onto existing rootstock in the vineyard, making it possible to switch varieties within a two-year period. Local legislation often dictates which varieties are selected, how they are grown, whether vineyards can be irrigated and exactly when grapes can be harvested, all of which in serves to reinforce tradition. Changes in

1150-507: The door and slyly smiling, says "Now you can take her". Solomon hits him black and blue, calling out for Sofia again. When she finally comes out, he goes up to her, tells her "Hadn't we agreed if you didn't come out even after the second horn, I'll come pick you up and go?!" and, lifting her onto his shoulders, takes her to their tanker lorry, and, as his mother, cousin, and Sofia's mother and half-sister look on, (implying that his mother has accepted her son's unconditional love now) drives out into

1200-585: The employment of machine harvesting even more than the resistance of traditional views which reject such harvesting. Numbers of New World vineyard plantings have been increasing almost as fast as European vineyards are being uprooted. Between 1990 and 2003, the number of U.S. vineyards increased from 1,180 to 3,860 km or 292,000 to 954,000 acres, while Australian vineyard numbers more than doubled from 590 to 1,440 km (146,000 to 356,000 acres) and Chilean vineyards grew from 654 to 1,679 km (161,500 to 415,000 acres). The size of individual vineyards in

1250-419: The film scores of Bharathan 's Aaravam (1978), Thakara (1980) and Chamaram (1980). He composed his first soundtracks for the film Inaye Thedi , debut film of director turned still photographer Antony Eastman and actress Silk Smitha . It was Devarajan himself, who suggested Johnson try his hand at direction. Then came Bharathan 's Parvathi and Balachandra Menon 's Premageethangal . Premageethangal

1300-525: The fruit, rather than foliage. The terroir philosophy is predominantly French in origin, the flavour and character of the place defining the individuality and the special attributes of wines and combined with hundreds of years of the finest wine making traditions, terroir gives wines their distinctive taste and signature. However, wildfires in California and Australia have also influenced the character of vineyard plantations and grapes in those areas. A vignette

1350-415: The industry, he was noted for his lyrical and expressive melodies together with simple but rich tonal compositions of thematic music. Johnson is a recipient of National Film Awards twice and Kerala State Film Awards five times. He has composed music for more than 300 Malayalam films, the most by any composer except for Devarajan. He was the first music director from Malayalam cinema to be honoured with

1400-779: The law can also change which grapes are planted. For example, during Prohibition in the U.S. (1920–1933), vineyards in California expanded sevenfold to meet the increasing demand for home brewing. However, they were largely planted in varieties with tough skins that could be transported across the country to home wine-makers and the resulting wine was of a low quality. According to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine , in April 2015, China (799,000 hectares or 1,970,000 acres) overtook France (792,000 hectares or 1,960,000 acres) in terms of land devoted to vineyards, in second place behind Spain (1,000,200 hectares or 2,472,000 acres),

1450-503: The lyrics together with rich tonal arrangement, redefined songwriting in Malayalam cinema, since the late 1980s. In his film scores, Johnson combines native South Indian melodic patterns with the harmonic structure of classical music and this has attained an expressive form of narration through film score. He composed for about 300 films, making him the second most composed music director in Malayalam, after his guru G. Devarajan . Though he has obtained no formal training in classical music, he

1500-650: The more progressive of the so-called "Old World" vineyards. Other recent practices include spraying water on vines to protect them from sub-zero temperatures, new grafting techniques, soil slotting, and mechanical harvesting. Such technique have made possible the development of wine industries in New World countries such as Canada. Today there is increasing interest in developing organic , ecologically sensitive and sustainable vineyards. Biodynamic wine has become increasingly popular in viticulture. The use of drip irrigation in recent years has expanded vineyards into areas which were previously unplantable. For well over half

1550-459: The motion picture Ponthan Mada (1993). The next year he got his second National award for Sukrutham for the background score. After an extremely successful career of more than a decade, Johnson took a sabbatical from film scoring by the end of the nineties. The quantity of his works began perishing during this time. By the beginning of the 2000s, he didn't sign any new projects that even his most noted collaborator Sathyan Anthikkad had to find

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1600-504: The orchestra team of some local troupes and played harmonium in many concerts. He also used to sing in female voice in ganamelas (a stage show where film songs are sung by amateur or professional artists). Within a few years, the club became one of the most sought after musical troupes in Kerala, and had more than fifty members. This club used to give accompaniment music to playback singers Jayachandran and Madhuri in their musical shows. It

1650-441: The outskirts of Mysore and comes to visit his mother once in a while. On one such visit, he meets Sofia, and they are shown to begin to share a sweet bond. Romance blossoms. Sofia was born to her mother in her premarital love affair. Her stepfather often shows an intention to molest her. She communicates all this to Solomon and their bond strengthens. They dream of a life together in his vineyard, laughing, smiling, loving, waking up to

1700-425: The resulting wine may be virtually undetectable. Vineyards are often located on hillsides and planted in soil that is of only marginal value to other plants. A common saying is that "the worse the soil, the better the wine." Planting on hillsides, especially those facing north (in the southern hemisphere) or south (in the northern hemisphere), is most often in an attempt to maximize the amount of sunlight that falls on

1750-465: The rootstock of Native American varieties, although there is still no remedy for phylloxera , which remains a danger to any vineyard not planted with grafted rootstock. The quest for vineyard efficiency has produced a bewildering range of systems and techniques in recent years. Due to the often much more fertile New World growing conditions, attention has focussed heavily on managing the vine's more vigorous growth. Innovation in palissage (training of

1800-692: The songs were rendered by K. J. Yesudas , P. Jayachandran , K. S. Chithra , M. G. Sreekumar , Aparna Rajeev, Dr. Rashmi Madhu and Johnson himself. In 2009, he released his second Christian devotional album entitled Parishudhan . It had eleven tracks – "Vazhiyum Sathyavum Nee Thanne ( Vijay Yesudas ), "Mullukal Kuthi" ( Chithra ), "Ariyathe Polum" ( G. Venugopal ), "Neethimanayavane" ( Sujatha ), "Traditional song" (Louis), "Mazhayum Veyilum" ( Rimi Tomy ), "Oru Viral Sparshathal (Sudheep), "Loka Palaka" (Chithra), Neethanthamam (Vijay Yesudas), and "Kannukalil Theliyum" ( Manjari ). His skilful integration of textual rhythm of

1850-537: The tag 'Master' ('mash' in Malayalam). His background scoring style has a cult following. His scores from Thoovanathumbikal , Namukku Parkkan Munthirithoppukal , Manichitrathazhu , Thaniyavarthanam , Chitram , Bharatham , Aparan , Kireedam , Sukrutham are considered to be amongst the best. Johnson won his first National Film Award for the Best Music Direction for the film Ponthan Mada (1994) and

1900-525: The very next year he won his second National film award for the Best Background score for the film Sukrutham (1995) He was the first Malayalee music composer to receive a National award in music category and is also the only Malayalee music director who received two national awards in music category. This film has one song Adimarunge ayyayya (അടിമരുങ്ങേ അയ്യയ്യാ) lyrics by O. N. V. Kurup and sung by K. S. Chithra and chorus composed by Johnson. This

1950-492: The vine, usually along a trellis, and often referred to as "canopy management") and pruning and thinning methods (which aim to optimize the Leaf Area/Fruit (LA/F) ratio relative to a vineyard's microclimate ) have largely replaced more general, traditional concepts like "yield per unit area" in favor of "maximizing yield of desired quality". Many of these new techniques have since been adopted in place of traditional practice in

2000-481: The vineyard. For this reason, some of the best wines come from vineyards planted on quite steep hills, conditions which would make most other agricultural products uneconomic. The stereotypical vineyard site for wine grapes (in the Northern hemisphere) is a hillside in a dry climate with a southern exposure, good drainage to reduce unnecessary water uptake, and balanced pruning to force the vine to put more of its energy into

2050-407: The world's largest producer. Terroir refers to the combination of natural factors associated with any particular vineyard. These factors include things such as soil, underlying rock, altitude, slope of hill or terrain, orientation toward the sun, and microclimate (typical rain, winds, humidity, temperature variations, etc.). No two vineyards have exactly the same terroir, although any difference in

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2100-408: Was Jayachandran who introduced Johnson to G. Devarajan , one of the most prolific composers of South Indian cinema then. Devarajan literally adopted Johnson and brought him to Chennai in 1974. Johnson bought an accordion , during this period, from R. K. Shekhar ( A. R. Rahman 's father), and began assisting Devarajan in filmscoring and composing. Johnson began his independent career by composing

2150-420: Was a notable success with four of its songs – "Swapnam Verumoru Swapnam", "Nee Nirayoo Jeevanil", "Muthum Mudipponnum" and "Kalakalamozhi" attaining cult status. He came to prominence through his collaboration with Malayalam author and director Padmarajan . Koodevide was their first venture, which had one of the most famous songs of Johnson "Aadivaa Kaatte", a pathbreaking song in Malayalam music history. It

2200-477: Was able to incorporate the beauty of Carnatic ragas in his songs. Most of his songs were composed on Kalyani raga . Johnson's favourite male singer was K. J. Yesudas , who has recorded many songs for him, while S. Janaki and K. S. Chithra were his favourite female singers. Chithra had some of her most noted songs with Johnson. Johnson is fondly called Johnson Master (Johnson Mashu) by Malayalee audiences. Even his contemporaries and competitors refer him with

2250-408: Was an Indian film score composer and music director who has given music to some of the most important motion pictures of Malayalam cinema , including those for Koodevide , Namukku Paarkkan Munthiri Thoppukal , Oru Minnaminunginte Nurunguvettam , Vadakkunokkiyantram , Perumthachan , Njan Gandharvan , Ponthan Mada , and Bhoothakkannadi . Regarded as one of the finest composers in

2300-563: Was awarded the Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music for the films Sadayam (1992) and Sallapam (1996). He has thus received five Kerala State Film Awards in music category, an achievement he shares with Devarajan. He has received the Kerala Film Critics Awards four times, the most recent in 2008 for Gulmohar . In 2007, he won the Mathruboomi Award for Best Music Director for Photographer (2006). He won

2350-682: Was composed by Johnson, sung by M. G. Sreekumar and had lyrics penned by Bichu Thirumala . His third album Nannipoorvam Johnson , consisted of twelve tracks – "Chandanakkavilinnu", "Panineeru Peyyum", "Vasundhare", "Virunnu Vanna", "Prapanjam Sundaram", "Enthe Nee Varathe", "Nilasandhyayil", "Veruthe Onnu", "Ponnazhikkuttu", "Pranayappirave", "Kalindhi", and an introductory speech by Sreenivasan . The lyricists were R. K. Damodaran , Gireesh Puthenchery , Kaithapram , Bichu Thirumala , M. D. Rajendran , K. Jayakumar , S. Ramesan Nair and Poovachal Khader and

2400-535: Was one of the first songs in Malayalam to so many western classical elements. The song was born out of Padmarajan's need for a western song for his innovative film. Song composition took place in Woodland's Hotel, Chennai . Another notable feature of this song was the lyrics by O. N. V. Kurup , who for the first time wrote lyrics for a pre-composed song. Johnson worked for 11 films with Padmarajan, including his last film Njan Gandharvan . This productive collaboration saw

2450-497: Was released in 1989 on Tharangini audios. It had nine Christian devotional songs – "Aathma Swaroopa", "Unni Yesu Pirannu", "Manninum Poovinum", "Thumbapoo Polulla", "Bhoomikku Pulakam", "Manassakumengil", "Kulir Choodum", "Arthungal Innoru" and "Vidarnna Punchiri". The featured artists were K. J. Yesudas , K. S. Chithra and Sujatha . His second album Onathappan , a collaboration with M. G. Radhakrishnan and Berny-Ignatius , consisted of nine festival songs. The track "Mundon Paadam"

2500-486: Was significantly reduced in the 1980s, but in the 1990s, during the quality revolution incited by Malbec Pioneer Nicolás Catena Zapata, growers started planting more Malbec, most notably in higher altitudes where cooler temperatures and more intense sunlight yield more concentrated yet smoother and more complex malbecs. Grape changes are often in response to changing consumer demand but sometimes result from vine pull schemes designed to promote vineyard change. Alternatively,

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