Misplaced Pages

#863136

25-585: Nagaoka Domain ( 長岡藩 , Nagaoka-han ) was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan . It is located in Echigo Province , Honshū . The domain was centered at Nagaoka Castle , located in what is now part of the city of Nagaoka in Niigata Prefecture . It was often referred to as Echigo-Nagaoka Domain ( 越後長岡藩 , Echigo-Nagaoka-han ) to disambiguate itself from

50-536: A family could be raised to or from fudai status. For instance, the Matsudaira clan to which Matsudaira Sadanobu belonged went from being a fudai house to being a shinpan (recognized relative) of the Tokugawa family. Also, a hatamoto who had an increase in income which raised his income level over 10,000 koku became a fudai daimyō . Many fudai daimyōs were involved in the vigorous political activity of

75-419: A year. The actual revenue or income derived from a holding varied from region to region, and depended on the amount of actual control the fief holder held over the territory in question, but averaged around 40 percent of the theoretical kokudaka . The amount of taxation was not based on the actual quantity of rice harvested, but was an estimate based on the total economic yield of the land in question, with

100-548: The Bakumatsu , the gradual decline of the Tokugawa Shogunate from 1853, and the renewed military activities which occurred in that period. Two such men of fudai daimyō background were Ogasawara Nagamichi and Itakura Katsukiyo , who were two of the last rōjū , and actively worked for reform and strengthening of the ailing shogunate. Others, such as Matsudaira Munehide , were involved in diplomacy and foreign affairs. In

125-621: The tozama daimyō and held most of the power in Japan during the Edo period . Fudai daimyōs originated from the families and clans who had served the prominent Tokugawa clan before its rise to national primacy during the Azuchi–Momoyama period in the late Sengoku period , including the Honda , Sakai , Sakakibara , Ii , Itakura , and Mizuno clans . A number of other clans which were not retainers of

150-807: The Boshin War of 1868 to 1869, when supporters of the Imperial Court rose up in the Meiji Restoration against the Tokugawa Shogunate, some fudai houses such as the Toda of Ogaki and the Tōdō of Tsu sided with the shogunate during the first battle at Toba–Fushimi. However, after the shogunate's loss there, many fudai houses did not side with the shogunate or with remnants of the Shōgun's former army under Enomoto Takeaki which moved northward to Hokkaido and eventually set up

175-511: The Ezo Republic . Some remained neutral, while others (like the lords of Ōgaki and Tsu) switched allegiances and openly supported the new Imperial Japanese Army . Ogasawara Nagamichi and Itakura Katsukiyo led small groups of their retainers during the fight against the Imperial forces. However, their domains had already been occupied by the Imperial army, and were forced to participate in the war on

200-533: The Matsudaira clan since the time of Ieyasu's grandfather, Matsudaira Kiyoyasu . Thereby, Ieyasu highly valued them, and placed great importance on the Anjo Fudai vassals. The clans which considered as Anjo fudai were the Ishikawa , Ōkubo , Naitō , Abe , Aoyama, Uemura, Hiraiwa, Naruse, Sakai, Honda and Watanabe clan . The birth of the fudai daimyō class began as Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康) rose to power in Japan in

225-607: The Toyotomi clan and unofficially founding the Tokugawa Shogunate as his de facto military government with himself as the Shōgun . However, Ieyasu sought to consolidate his rule from potential usurpers , including the Toyotomi loyalists who were still fighting for Toyotomi Hideyori , the son and designated successor of Ieyasu's rival Toyotomi Hideyoshi , who had been an infant at

250-446: The fudai in the country entered the Meiji era peacefully, and ruled their domains until abolition of the domains in 1871. After this, the former families of fudai daimyōs transitioned into the kazoku in the new Japanese nobility system. Kokudaka One koku (roughly equivalent to five bushels ) was generally viewed as the equivalent of enough rice to feed one person for

275-502: The 16th century. Ieyasu's han (domains) increased as he gained prominence, and as his domains increased, he began to hand out landholdings to his vassals , so that one by one, many of them became daimyōs , the powerful feudal lords of the samurai warrior noble class. Ieyasu became the most powerful lord in Japan following victory at the Battle of Sekigahara in October 1600, displacing

SECTION 10

#1733085380864

300-537: The Battle of Sekigahara. The capital of the Tokugawa Shogunate was established in the eastern city of Edo , and Ieyasu filled his administration with fudai in fear of the tozama ("outside") daimyōs , who became Tokugawa vassals only after the battle. The fudai , in contrast to the tozama , typically ruled small domains in strategic locations along Japan's principal roads or in the Kantō region near Edo. High-ranking posts in

325-532: The Imperial army's behalf. Only one fudai daimyō , Hayashi Tadataka of Jōzai Domain , willingly left his domain early in 1868, and led most of his retainer force on behalf of the armies of the former Shōgun , in the fight against the Imperial army. Also, a handful of fudai in the north of Honshu formed part of the Northern Alliance , fighting for the Alliance but not for the now-retired Shōgun . Most of

350-613: The Matsudaira name. According to "Mikawa Monogatari" which is authored by Ōkubo Tadataka , they are divided into Anjo Fudai, Yamanaka Fudai, and Okazaki Fudai. the vassals who served the Matsudaira clan when they had their base in Anjo Castle were Anjo Fudai, the vassals who served after they captured Yamanaka Castle were Yamanaka Fudai, and the vassals who served after they moved their base to Okazaki Castle were Okazaki Fudai. According to historian Yasutsune Owada, Anjo Fudai vassals has served

375-615: The Tokugawa before the Azuchi–Momoyama period also came to be counted as fudai , such as the Ogasawara and the Doi. Honda Tadakatsu , Sakakibara Yasumasa , Sakai Tadatsugu , and Ii Naomasa — Tokugawa Ieyasu 's " Four Great Generals " — were all pre- Edo period fudai who went on to become fudai daimyōs . In addition, some branches of the Matsudaira clan , from which the Tokugawa clan originated, were classed as fudai while allowed to retain

400-408: The assigned kokudaka , based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields. Fudai Fudai daimyō ( 譜代大名 ) was a class of daimyō (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara . Fudai daimyō and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration in opposition to

425-476: The domain were 115,300 koku in 1712, and 142,700 koku in 1858 as opposed to its official rating of 74,000 koku . Under the rule of the Makino clan , the domain was noted for its military organisation and sponsorship of training in the various military arts. During the Battle of Hokuetsu in the Boshin War , Nagaoka joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei , and was the site of fierce fighting between pro-Tokugawa forces and

450-456: The final daimyō of Nagaoka, Makino Tadakatsu served as domain governor, and later was a student at Keio Gijuku . His brother, Makino Tadaatsu was given the kazoku peerage title of shishaku ( viscount ) and served as Mayor of Nagaoka and as a member of the House of Peers . As with most domains in the han system , Nagaoka Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide

475-474: The former Takada lands. He quickly saw that the seat of Zaodo Domain was in a poor location prone to flooding by the Shinano River , and built a new castle on the high ground on the opposite back at what is now Nagaoka. This marked the start of Nagaoka Domain. In 1618, he was transferred to Murakami Domain , and Nagaoka was assigned to Makino Tadanari, formerly of Nagasaki Domain . In 1620, the domain kokudaka

500-517: The holdings of Takada Domain with the exception of a 60,000 koku holding called ' Zaodo Domain' ( 蔵王堂藩 , Zaodo-han ) held by a branch of the Hori clan for their services to Toyotomi Hideyoshi . After the daimyō of Takada Domain, Matsudaira Tadateru was disgraced at the Siege of Osaka in 1616 and relieved of his holdings, Hori Naoyori was awarded with Zaodo Domain and an additional 20,000 koku from

525-400: The imperial army. Kawai Tsugunosuke and Yamamoto Tatewaki were two senior Nagaoka commanders during the war. After the defeat of the pro-Tokugawa alliance, the domain was reduced to 24,000 koku . In July 1871, with the abolition of the han system , Nagaoka Domain briefly became Nagaoka Prefecture, and was merged into the newly created Niigata Prefecture . Under the new Meiji government ,

SECTION 20

#1733085380864

550-725: The shogunate government ( Bakufu ) such as the rōjū , the wakadoshiyori , and the Kyoto Shoshidai normally went to fudai . The Tudai daimyō lords usually characterized that with their domination in bureaucratic bodies of the central government, in contrast with the Tozama daimyō lords that mostly limited to their jurisdictions of their respective domains. However it was not almost the case, as The Ii clan, Honda clan of Tadakatsu branch, and Sakakibara clan were also hereditarily acted as guardians of provinces, and traditionally served more in military roles than bureaucratic ones. Occasionally,

575-402: The smaller Yamashiro-Nagaoka Domain ( 山城長岡藩 , Yamashiro-Nagaoka-han ) in what is now Nagaokakyo, Kyoto . The domain was ruled by the Makino clan for most of its history. During the summer of 1868, it was the center of some of the fiercest fighting during the Boshin War . Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku was the son of a Nagaoka samurai. The territory of Nagaoka Domain was originally part of

600-439: The value of other crops and produce converted to their equivalent value in terms of rice. The ranking of precedence of the daimyō , or feudal rulers, was determined in part by the kokudaka of the territories under their administration. In 1650, the total kokudaka of Japan was assessed at 26 million koku , with the Shōgun directly controlling 4.2 million koku . This Japanese history–related article

625-497: Was raised by 10,000 koku , and was raised again by 2,000 koku in 1625. The domain, which extended across the Echigo Plain from western Niigata City , through Koshi District , Santō District and Nishikanbara District was excellent rice land, and also controlled the port of Niigata with its Kitamaebune trade, and therefore the actual revenues of the domain were far in excess of its official kokudaka . The actual revenues of

#863136