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19-695: The Na'aman River originates from springs near Ein Afek (primarily Ein Nymphit ) and flows through the Zebulun Valley from south to north before emptying into the Bay of Haifa (formerly Bay of Acre) south of Acre (Akko) on the Mediterranean Sea . It previously flowed directly south of Tel Akko (the site of ancient Acre) but has shifted over time to be about 800 meters (2,600 ft) away. The En Afek Nature Reserve near

38-426: A considerable river and to turn the millstones of a millstone. Near this mill, we note the lower foundations of an old bridge and the remains of a tower pierced with loopholes and ogival vaults . It had two floors, and was built with ashlars on which many crosses were traced, and some at a height that the hand cannot reach. Therefore, these crosses could not be engraved there by passing travelers, who would have needed

57-497: A ladder to place them so high, but they must go back to the time when this tower was occupied by Christians, and most likely date from the time of the Crusades. Above the front door was a mâchecoulis balcony, the trace of which is very visible." In 1881, the PEF 's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) found at Kh. Khurdaneh (east of the mill) only heaps of stones. The name, Kh. Kurdâneh

76-460: The 1931 census of Palestine , Mathanat Kurdani was counted under Shefa-'Amr . Al-Maqrizi Al-Maqrīzī ( Arabic : المقريزي , full name Taqī al-Dīn Abū al-'Abbās Aḥmad ibn 'Alī ibn 'Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrīzī , تقي الدين أحمد بن علي بن عبد القادر بن محمد المقريزي ; 1364–1442) was a medieval Egyptian historian and biographer during the Mamluk era , known for his interest in

95-634: The Ein Afek Nature Reserve , east of Kiryat Bialik , Israel . It is also known as Tel Kurdani. The site has remains dating back to the Chalcolithic age. Tombs from the Middle Bronze Age and Late Bronze Ages have been excavated here. A number of burial caves cut into chalk-like bedrock are dated to Middle Bronze Age IIA and are believed to have been reused during Late Bronze Age II. The pottery assemblage consists of vessel types from

114-647: The Fatimid era , and the earlier periods of Egyptian history. He is recognized as the most influential historian of premodern Egypt. A direct student of Ibn Khaldun , al-Maqrīzī was born in Cairo to a family of Syrian origin that had recently relocated from Damascus . When he presents himself in his books he usually stops at the 10th forefather although he confessed to some of his close friends that he can trace his ancestry to al-Mu‘izz li-Dīn Allāh – first Fatimid caliph in Egypt and

133-510: The Mamluk sultan Qalawun . According to al-Maqrizi , it had come under Mamluk rule in 1291, when it was mentioned under the name of Kerdanah when sultan al-Ashraf Khalil allocated the village's income to a waqf in Cairo . A two-story fortress still stands. A water-powered flour mill operated on the lower floor. Incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, it appeared under

152-468: The al-Hakim Mosque , and a lecturer on tradition. In 1408, he went to Damascus to become inspector of the Qalanisryya and lecturer. Later, he retired into private life at Cairo. In 1430, he again went on Hajj with his family and travelled for some five years. His learning was great, his observation accurate and his judgement good, but his books are largely compilations, and he does not always acknowledge

171-567: The Early, Middle and Late Bronze periods, with the later pottery finds presenting both local types and imports, such as Cypriot ‘milk bowls’ and bilbils as well as a few Mycenaean vessels. The site is what remains of the biblical town of Aphik or Aphek, which is mentioned in Joshua 19:30 (as "Apheq") and Judges 1:31 (as "Aphīq"), belonging to the Tribe of Asher . According to Biblical history , this area

190-667: The Haifa Bay suburb of Kiryat Bialik , is the last remnant of the Nahal Na'aman wetlands. Once known as Belus or Belos, the river is mentioned by Isidore of Seville . According to the legend, this is where glass-making was invented. Tacitus also mentions glassmaking at the Belus. Pliny the Elder ( Natural History , 5.19), using the name 'Pacida', mentions that the river flowed from Lake Cendevia (now below Mount Carmel ) for 5 miles (8.0 km) to

209-508: The Mamluk regime. The name Maqrizi was an attribution to a quarter of the city of Baalbek , from where his paternal grandparents hailed. Maqrizi confessed to his contemporaries that he believed that he was related to the Fatimids through the son of al-Muizz . Ibn Hajar preserves the most memorable account: his father, as they entered the al-Hakim Mosque one day, told him "My son, you are entering

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228-675: The founder of al-Qahirah – and even to Ali ibn Abi Talib . He was trained in the Hanafite school of law. Later, he switched to the Shafi'ite school and finally to the Zahirite school. Maqrizi studied theology under one of the primary masterminds behind the Zahiri Revolt , and his vocal support and sympathy with that revolt against the Mamluks likely cost him higher administrative and clerical positions with

247-578: The mosque of your ancestor." However, his father also instructed al-Maqrizi not to reveal this information to anyone he could not trust; Walker concludes: In 1385, he went on the Islamic pilgrimage, the Hajj . For some time he was secretary in a government office, and in 1399 became inspector of markets for Cairo and northern Egypt. This post he soon gave up to become a preacher at the Mosque of 'Amr ibn al 'As , president of

266-680: The name Kufrdani in the census of 1596, located in the Nahiya of Acca of the Liwa of Safad . The village was noted as "hali" (empty), but taxes were paid, a total of 1,800 akçe . All of the revenues went to a waqf . The stair to the tower roof of the mill, and two more wheel-chambers in the southern part of the mill was added in the Ottoman period. In 1856 it was named Kurdany on Kiepert's map of Palestine published that year. In 1875 Victor Guérin visited, and noted about Tell el-Kerdaneh : "To

285-486: The north and bottom of this tell , along the marsh, we observe the remains of an enclosure which measured 54 steps long by 40 wide, and which seems to have been that of a fortified khan . All the walls have been removed; the inner blockage alone partly remained." About the surrounding march, and mill, he noted that it was the origin of the Nahr Na'min , and "These springs, at their origin, are immediately abundant enough to form

304-400: The sea near "Ptolemais Ace" ( Acre, Israel ), and that it was celebrated for its vitreous sands. The name is based on Baal . 32°52′37.56″N 35°6′23.9″E  /  32.8771000°N 35.106639°E  / 32.8771000; 35.106639 Tel Afek Tel Afek , ( Hebrew : תל אפק ), also spelled Aphek and Afeq, is an archaeological site located in the coastal hinterland of

323-729: Was acquired the Hospitalliers . The Hospitalliers owned the water mills here for a number of years. Between 1235 and 1262 the Hospitalliers had a dispute with the Templars about water rights. Two aqueducts , dating from this era, have been excavated. In 1283 it was still part of the Crusader states, as it was mentioned as part of their domain in the hudna between the Crusaders based in Acre and

342-618: Was part of Cabul and was given to Hiram I by Solomon as a reward for various services rendered to him in building the First Temple . 1 Kings 9:12 . Pottery from the Persian , Hellenistic Roman , and the Byzantine eras have been found here. Pottery from the Crusader times have been found here. In the Crusader era, it was known as Recordane , and in 1154, the mill and village

361-617: Was taken to mean the ruin of Kurdâneh , p.n. In 1900, Gottlieb Schumacher found here markings on the mill which he took to be Phoenician . The area was acquired by the Jewish community under the Sursock Purchase . In 1925 a Zionist organisation purchased 1,500 dunums in Kordaneh , from Alfred Sursuk, of the Sursuk family of Beirut . At the time, there were 20 families living there. In

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