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18-633: NPH may refer to: Medicine [ edit ] NPH insulin , an intermediate-acting insulin National Pediatric Hospital, Cambodia , a government-run pediatric hospital in Phnom Penh Normal pressure hydrocephalus , a condition of excessive fluid in the brain Other [ edit ] Fujicolor Pro (previously NPH 400), a line of professional color negative films National Party of Honduras ,

36-570: A Danish royal charter as a non-profit foundation. In 1936, Hagedorn and B. Norman Jensen discovered that the effects of injected insulin could be prolonged by the addition of protamine obtained from the "milt" or semen of river trout. The insulin would be added to the protamine, but the solution would have to be brought to pH 7 for injection. University of Toronto , Canada later licensed protamine zinc insulin (PZI), to several manufacturers. This mixture only needs to be shaken before injection. The effects of PZI lasted for 24–36 h. In 1946, Nordisk

54-629: A centre-right conservative political party in Honduras Neil Patrick Harris , American actor, singer, director and magician Negative pH (band) , an Electronic music band New Phyrexia (expansion code: NPH), a Magic: the Gathering expansion set North Providence High School , a public high school in North Providence, Rhode Island Northeast Party House , an Australian electronic dance band Northwestern Publishing House ,

72-402: A day. Onset of effects is typically in 90 minutes and they last for 24 hours. Versions are available that come premixed with a short-acting insulin, such as regular insulin . The common side effect is low blood sugar . Other side effects may include pain or skin changes at the sites of injection, low blood potassium , and allergic reactions . Use during pregnancy is relatively safe for

90-582: A lower risk of severe hyperglycemia compared to NPH insulin, however this finding was inconsistent across included studies. In the same review no other clinically significant differences were found between different insulin analogues in either adults nor children. Hans Christian Hagedorn (1888–1971) and August Krogh (1874–1949) obtained the rights for insulin from Frederick Banting and Charles Best in Toronto , Canada. In 1923 they formed Nordisk Insulin laboratorium, and in 1926 with August Kongsted he obtained

108-424: Is hypoglycemia , or low blood sugar. Hypoglycemia can manifest as dizziness, disorientation, trouble speaking, and changes in mental status. In severe cases, hypoglycemia can lead to loss of consciousness if not treated. As lente insulin continues to be absorbed in the body for hours after use, these signs and symptoms may be delayed from the time of administration and begin with little or no warning. Lente insulin

126-447: Is a combination of porcine and bovine insulin products which are filtered and combined with zinc to form the suspension. Even product that is filtered very well is still of animal origin, and there is a chance the body may recognize the foreign protein as such and form antibodies against it. These reactions are slightly more likely with lente insulin than with insulin derived from a single source as lente insulin contains bovine insulin which

144-554: Is as follows: Brand names include Humulin N, Novolin N, Novolin NPH, Gensulin N, SciLin N, Insulatard, and NPH Iletin II. Ultralente Ultralente insulin was a long-acting form of insulin . It has an onset of 4 to 6 hours, a peak of 14 to 24 hours, and a duration of 28 to 36 hours. Ultralente insulin, along with lente insulin , were discontinued in the US by manufacturers in the mid-2000s. One of

162-452: Is up to 24 hours. It has an intermediate duration of action, meaning longer than that of regular and rapid-acting insulin, and shorter than long acting insulins ( ultralente , glargine or detemir ). A recent Cochrane systematic review compared the effects of NPH insulin to other insulin analogues ( insulin detemir , insulin glargine , insulin degludec ) in both children and adults with Type 1 diabetes . Insulin detemir appeared provide

180-466: The discontinuation of ultralente insulin products in the mid-2000s, and FDA approval to be marketed in the US was withdrawn by 2011. Lente insulin was a combination of ultralente insulin and amorphous, or plain, insulin in a fixed percentage combination. Ultralente insulin comprises 65% of the lente insulin preparation Vetsulin®/Caninsulin® which is produced by Merck Animal Health for veterinary use. The primary adverse effect of any insulin product

198-525: The fetus. NPH insulin is made by mixing regular insulin and protamine in exact proportions with zinc and phenol such that a neutral-pH is maintained and crystals form. There are human and pig insulin based versions. Protamine insulin was first created in 1936 and NPH insulin in 1946. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . NPH is an abbreviation for "neutral protamine Hagedorn". In 2020, insulin isophane

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216-483: The insulin protein. For this reason, researchers began studying how to prolong the effects of injected insulin. In 1952, a team at Novo Terapeutisk led by K. Hallas-Møller discovered that crystals of various sizes would form when zinc was added to insulin suspensions. Larger insulin crystals take longer to dissolve into the bloodstream when injected into the body, and as such have a much longer duration of action than amorphous or small insulin crystals. Ultralente insulin

234-452: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NPH&oldid=1222428830 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages NPH insulin It is used by injection under the skin once to twice

252-635: The official publishing house for the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod Nuestros Pequeños Hermanos , a charity in Latin America that runs orphanages Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong , a writing system used for the Hmong language Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title NPH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

270-399: The reasons for discontinuation was declining use in favor of NPH insulin and other newer insulin products. The FDA withdrew approval for ultralente insulin products by 2011. Insulin which was extracted from animal sources was used as a medicine as early as 1922. These early insulin preparations required multiple daily injections due to the short duration of action and quick degradation of

288-455: Was able to form crystals of protamine and insulin and marketed it in 1950, as neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. NPH insulin has the advantage that it can be mixed with an insulin that has a faster onset to complement its longer lasting action. Eventually all animal insulins made by Novo Nordisk were replaced by synthetic, recombinant "human" insulin. Synthetic "human" insulin is also complexed with protamine to form NPH. The timeline

306-562: Was considered to be a "long-acting" insulin that could be used once per day to provide a basal level of insulin, similar to some protamine-containing preparations . While originally isolated from bovine or porcine sources, the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1980s allowed human insulin to be mass produced in yeast or bacteria. By the mid 1990s, ultralente insulin was being prepared from recombinant human insulin, instead of insulin extracted from animals. The advent of insulin analogues and continued use of NPH insulin led to

324-455: Was the 221st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2   million prescriptions. In 2020, the combination of human insulin with insulin isophane was the 246th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1   million prescriptions. NPH insulin is cloudy and has an onset of 1–3 hours. Its peak is 6–8 hours and its duration

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