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70-601: This commission was established on November 25, 2001, under the National Human Rights Commission Act. Fulfilling an election pledge of then-President and 2000 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Kim Dae-Jung , the commission was launched as an independent governmental body. It functions in accordance with the Principles relating to the status and functioning of national human rights institutions for protection and promotion of human rights ( Paris Principles ) adopted by

140-467: A Catholic. American intelligence understood that Chun wanted Kim's execution to take place during the U.S. presidential transition between the outgoing president Jimmy Carter and president-elect Ronald Reagan . The outgoing Carter Administration, which had poor relations with the South Korean government, asked Reagan's incoming National Security Advisor Richard V. Allen to intervene. Allen, not wanting

210-593: A Feature Task of improving the capacity of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea. From 2015 to 2017 Commission's four priorities were to lay a foundation for the promotion of human rights, promote these values across society, protect the human rights of those who are vulnerable or marginalised, and facilitate public engagement on human rights issues. Their Special Task for this period was to improve human rights in North Korea and their Feature Task

280-635: A by-election for the National Assembly on 14 May 1961, Park Chung Hee seized power two days later in the May 16 coup , and later assumed dictatorial powers, voiding the elections. He was briefly arrested, before having his rights restored. In 1962, Kim married Lee Hee-ho , a Christian activist, and had another son. He was able to win a seat in the House in the subsequent elections in 1963 and 1967 and went on to become an eminent opposition leader. After completing

350-555: A few core competencies. Some also reduced their debt burden and increased their profitability. After the economy shrank by 5.8 percent in 1998, it grew 10.2 percent in 1999, marking an impressive recovery. South Korea repaid the IMF loan in August 2001, 3 years ahead of schedule. Exports also recovered, led by exporting of semiconductors, automobiles, liquid crystal displays and mobile phones. Foreign investment during 1998 and 1999 exceeded that of

420-425: A freedom of information request, the military-backed ruling forces drew up detailed plans to fix the election result in case Roh lost. The documents suggested that the government was prepared to crack down hard on any unrest following the vote, with an Intel briefing stating that an "open arrest order" had been prepared for Kim Dae-jung if he tried to "instigate a popular revolt against the election results". As Roh won

490-558: A human rights culture in Korean society. The films have been distributed to various educational institutions from elementary schools to universities and public libraries around the country. Detailed information on films can be found at http://culture.humanrights.go.kr Omnibus films Animated films The NHRCK consists of eleven commissioners: Chairperson, three standing commissioners, and seven non-standing commissioners. All commissioners are appointed based on their personal capacity for

560-463: A master's course in economics at Kyung Hee University in 1970, he ran as opposition candidate for the country's presidential election in 1971 , against President Park Chung Hee. President Park had removed term limits and was seeking to run for a third term. A very talented orator, Kim could command unwavering loyalty among his supporters. Kim won the nomination of the opposition party over Kim Young-sam , another pro-democracy politician. Kim promised

630-711: A member of the ICC Sub-Committee on Accreditation (2007~09). It hosted the 7th International Conference of National Human Rights Institutions (ICNI) in Seoul in September 2004. The NHRCK's vision is to create a society where dignity and human rights of all persons, including foreigners living in the Republic of Korea, are fully respected and realized. To this end, the NHRCK is committed to the full implementation of all human rights set forth in

700-415: A national human rights institution. The Commission named four priorities from 2018 to 2020. These were to strengthen social rights and the ability to live with human dignity, resolve discrimination in pursuit of an equal world, establish sustainable human rights governance, and expand and diversify human rights. They also named a Special Task in which they aimed to actively deter the spread of hate-speech and

770-423: A number of gay clubs. As a result, media reports made a number of unfounded claims that linked the outbreak to sexual orientation, in some cases doxing LGBTI individuals. This incident caused many in sexual minority groups to avoid getting tested for coronavirus for fear of their identity being 'outed'. The NHRCK also noted a number of areas of inequality that had been brought to light by the pandemic. These included

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840-478: A presidential candidate, Kim briefly questioned the conditions attached to the IMF loans and suggested that he might renegotiate it. However, upon his election, Kim quickly recognized the importance of the IMF agreement in restoring South Korea's economic health. Since then, he has implemented the most neoliberal policy among the major presidents of South Korea, leading to his nickname of "Neoliberal Revolutionist" ( Korean :  신자유주의 혁명가 ). The first task of

910-540: A second economic crisis in the wake of Daewoo 's bankruptcy in July 1999 (after its chairman, Kim Woo-choong continued to raise the company's indebtedness and aggressively expand in spite of government restructuring and aid), the economic recovery remained on track. By also deciding not to bail out Daewoo, Kim's government conveyed a message to chaebols that no company was too big to fail . Human Rights Award of Korea The Human Rights Award of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국인권상 )

980-511: A ship and started his own shipping company and in 1948, Kim became the publisher of a Mokpo daily newspaper. As the Korean War started in June 1950, Kim was on a business trip in Seoul. As he returned to Mokpo on foot, he was captured by North Korean communists and was sentenced to be shot, though he managed to escape. Kim disposed his business, and entered politics in earnest from Mokpo in 1954 during

1050-581: A speech on human rights and democracy at Emory University in Atlanta , Georgia and accepted an honorary Doctor of Laws degree by the institution. Two years later, in February 1985, he returned to his homeland, accompanied by thirty-seven supporters, including Patricia M. Derian , former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights, two congressmen, and a number of other prominent Americans. Upon arrival in Seoul, many of his traveling companions were roughed up by

1120-422: A strong showing of 45% of the vote against Park despite handicaps on his candidacy that were imposed by the ruling regime. With this strong showing, Park saw Kim as a threat to his rule. One month later after the presidential election, while Kim was campaigning for legislative elections, a truck turned directly into the path of his car and seriously injured him and his two aides. Suffering a hip joint injury he

1190-705: A term of three years and can be reappointed for another term of three years. Minimum number of four commissioners shall be women. The Plenary Committee, the highest decision-making body, meets twice a month while Standing commissioners Committee meets once a week. There are four thematic Sub-Committees which deal with The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, has 164 full-time staff with an annual budget of approximately 21 million US Dollars (2010). It has eleven thematic divisions under three bureaus and several units including counseling center, human rights library, and public information service. Its headquarters

1260-460: A welfare-oriented "mass economy" and also advocated easing tensions with North Korea, while predicting correctly that if Park was reelected, he would become a " generalissimo ". His staunchest support came from his home region of Jeolla , where he reliably garnered upwards of 95% of the popular vote, a record that has remained unsurpassed in South Korean politics . He performed strongly, achieving

1330-405: Is a test of [Korean] society's ability to protect human rights", emphasising the importance of obeying self-quarantine orders to main solidarity amongst Koreans. In the same statement she also suggested to err on the side of caution in the introduction of wristbands to track those in self-isolation. She stated that while the breaking of quarantine rules is still unacceptable, individuals should retain

1400-491: Is located in Seoul, capital of the Republic of Korea, and is supported by three regional offices in Busan, Gwangju, and Daegu. As a channel to promote cooperation with civil society, Policy Advisory Committee and Expert Committee have been established to seek policy advice and assistance from experienced human rights experts and defenders. Choi Young-ae, Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea, stated that "COVID-19

1470-563: Is the highest human rights award of the Republic of Korea , bestowed annually by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea . This Award was established in 2005 for human rights organizations, and started to award individuals from 2007 to recognise the contribution to Korean and international human rights. The award are presented at annual Human Rights Day Ceremony on 10 December in every year. There are three categories of

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1540-570: The Hankyoreh objected to the decision and described it as politically motivated. In October 2009, forty-five human rights organisations which had been nominated for the Human Rights Award of Korea issued a statement that they would not participate in the selection process for that year due to concerns over the independence and political bias of newly appointed Human Rights Commission head Hyun Byung-chul. The following month saw broader strife in

1610-486: The Gyeongsang Province region, which became wealthier since 1945 partly because of the policies of Park, Chun, and Roh's regimes. Kim Dae-jung was the first president who came from the southwestern Jeolla region to serve a full term, an area that had been neglected and less developed partly because of the previous presidents' discriminatory policies. Two days after the election, outgoing president Kim Young-sam and

1680-789: The gold-collecting campaign in South Korea to overcome the debt to the International Monetary Fund . Immediately after taking office, the Kim Dae-jung government pushed for revision of the Outside Auditor Law to facilitate the adoption of consolidated financial statements in accordance with international standards, beginning in 1999. Furthermore, as cross-guarantees allowed loss-making affiliates and subsidiaries with chaebol groups to continue to borrow from banks and drain financial resources from healthier firms, on 1 April 1998,

1750-550: The "North Winds" scandal involved lawmakers of Lee's party, who met North Korean agents in Beijing, who agreed to instigate, in exchange for bribes, a skirmish on the DMZ right before the presidential election to try to cause a panic that would hamper Kim's campaign due to his dovish stand on North Korea. Lee's colleagues were later prosecuted. Ex-presidents Park Chung Hee , Chun Doo-hwan , Roh Tae-woo , and Kim Young-sam originated from

1820-801: The Constitution as well as international human rights standards at the domestic level in accordance with the Paris Principles . The NHRCK follows the comprehensive mandate outlined in the National Human Rights Commission Act (Korea). In order to promote and protect human rights, the Commission performs the following functions: The commission's three priorities for this period are to proactively respond to human rights situations and global crises, promote international human rights norms domestically, and improve responsibility and capacity as

1890-719: The HRC; sixty-one HRC advisors also threatened to resign in protest, calling Hyun "nothing more than a 'yes man'" for the Lee Myung-bak administration. The year 2010 saw further boycotts of the Human Rights Award, including several by student writers who had participated in the essay competition. The Human Rights Commission announced on December 10 that the Incheon League for the Abolition of Discrimination against People with Disabilities (인천장애인차별철폐연대), an organisation which had been selected for

1960-502: The KCIA, while Kim and his wife, Lee Hee-ho were immediately put under house arrest. Following the ruling government's drubbing in the 1985 South Korean legislative election , Chun lifted the ban on fourteen opposition politicians, but not for Kim Dae-jung. During the June Struggle of 1987 against Chun Doo-hwan, Chun succumbed to popular demand, releasing Kim Dae-jung and also allowing

2030-586: The Kim administration helped to improve the transparency of chaebol corporate balance-sheets and governance and bring Korea's economy to greater integration with the global economy. The government also adopted a proactive foreign investment policy. Scores of banks were closed, merged or taken over by the government, and surviving banks were recapitalized. The chaebol were pressured to lower their perilously high debt-equity ratios and establish greater corporate transparency and accountability. Foreign direct investment, under Kim,

2100-488: The Kim administration was restoring investor confidence. The administration held a series of intensive meetings with foreign creditors and quickly succeeded in rescheduling one-quarter of Korea's short-term liabilities. He vigorously pushed economic reform and restructuring recommended by the International Monetary Fund, in the process significantly altering the landscape of South Korean economy . He commenced

2170-555: The National Human Rights Commission of Korea on the Human Rights Day , 10 December 2011 among complaints and suggestions for promoting human rights until 2011. Since 2005, the Human Rights Award of Korea have been presented at the annual Human Rights Day . Since 2002, the NHRCK has produced seven films on human rights issues, including discrimination against migrant workers, prejudice against minorities, in order to develop

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2240-538: The Reagan Administration to be blamed for the execution, told Chun that Reagan was opposed to Kim's execution. Allen asked for Kim's sentence to be commuted, and Chun, who was eager to seek American acceptance of his rule following the 1980 coup, accepted in exchange for an invitation to be one of the first foreign leaders to visit the new Reagan Administration at the White House in February 1981. Kim's sentence

2310-778: The UN General Assembly in 1993. The NHRCK has been a full member of the Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (APF) and the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC) since 2002. It was accredited in 2004 with an "A status" in the ICC. It served as chair of the APF in 2004 and 2007 and as vice-chair in 2005 and 2008. It also served as

2380-483: The United Kingdom to take a position at Clare Hall, Cambridge , as a visiting scholar. However, in 1995, he announced his return to politics. Despite losing his comeback bid for a list seat in the 1996 National Assembly elections, he began his fourth quest for the presidency for the 1997 election. Initially trailing heavily in the polls and seen by some as a perennial candidate , his situation became favorable when

2450-400: The administration of Korea's first president, Syngman Rhee . From 1954 to 1960, he was defeated four times in elections. In 1956, he became the official party spokesman for the opposition Democratic Party led by former prime minister Chang Myon . Cha Yong-ae, Kim's wife, died unexpectedly in 1959, and Kim subsequently converted to Catholicism. Although he was elected as a representative in

2520-619: The award In 2006, a total of seventeen organisations and individuals received the Human Rights Award of Korea, including: Nominee Lee Jeong-yi of the Busan Human Rights Center, well known for her work with prisoners of conscience , was disqualified from consideration after objections by the Ministry of Security and Public Administration . Conservative groups had accused Lee of being "a pro-North Korea, anti-U.S. activist". An anonymous National Human Rights Commission employee quoted by

2590-654: The belief that God is always with me. I know this from experience. In August of 1973, while exiled in Japan, I was kidnapped from my hotel room in Tokyo by intelligence agents of the then military government of South Korea. The news of the incident startled the world. The agents took me to their boat at anchor along the seashore. They tied me up, blinded me, and stuffed my mouth. Just when they were about to throw me overboard, Jesus Christ appeared before me with such clarity. I clung to him and begged him to save me. At that very moment, an airplane

2660-477: The country's 15th presidential election in 1997, he defeated Grand National Party candidate Lee Hoi-chang through an alliance with Kim Jong-pil and DJP. Kim was the first opposition candidate to win the presidency. At the time of his inauguration in 1998, he was 74 years old, making him the oldest president in Korean history. He promoted the Sunshine Policy , a policy of détente toward North Korea, and held

2730-428: The country's first free presidential election. The June 29 Declaration by ex-General Roh Tae-woo , Chun Doo-hwan's handpicked successor, saw Kim given an amnesty and his political rights restored. Kim and the other leading opposition figure, Kim Young-sam , initially promised to unite behind one candidate. However, disagreements between the two men over who was in a better position to win made Kim Dae-Jung split from

2800-494: The cumulative total for the previous 40 years. Foreign exchange reserves went from a perilously low $ 3.9 billion in December 1997 to $ 74.0 billion at the end of 1999, nearly double Korea's short-term external liabilities. The exchange rate strengthened quickly by 30% against the U.S. dollar, to the point of actually causing concern about eroding Korea's international competitiveness, and unemployment fell. Despite worries of

2870-695: The election, the plans were not implemented. Kim was subsequently elected to the National Assembly in 1988 and 1992. In 1992, Kim made yet another failed bid for the presidency, this time solely against Kim Young-sam, who had merged the RDP with the ruling Democratic Justice Party to form the Democratic Liberal Party in 1990, which eventually became the Grand National Party . Kim then announced his retirement from politics. Kim then departed for

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2940-478: The first-ever inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il in June 2000. He was a 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea and Japan in December 2000. He was the first South Korean to be awarded a Nobel Prize, the second being awarded to Han Kang in 2024 for Literature . He

3010-453: The freedom to choose not to be tracked with a wristband and have their personal data processed. The NHRCK also criticised the national COVID-19 response after marginalised groups faced discrimination due to the pandemic and gaps in support for vulnerable people were made apparent. LGBTI individuals were discriminated against following an outbreak in Itaewon, a nightlife district in Seoul home to

3080-602: The gap in support for those with developmental disabilities in which many were unable to access facilities designed to provide support and in some cases were even unaware of assistive services available to them. Domestic violence and elder abuse had also risen due to the pandemic, as well as discrimination against non-citizens in the form of widespread mandatory COVID-19 tests for foreign workers. Kim Dae-Jung Kim Dae-jung ( Korean :  김대중 ; Hanja :  金大中 ; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dɛ.dʑuŋ] ; 6 January 1924 – 18 August 2009)

3150-494: The government prohibited any new intra-chaebol mutual payment guarantees and ordered the phasing-out of the existing guarantees by March 2000. Banks were directed to negotiate financial restructuring agreements with chaebol groups to reduce any outstanding debts, including closing insolvent firms. With the government's commitment to introduce internationally accepted accounting practices, including independent external audits, full disclosure, and consolidated statements by conglomerates,

3220-607: The human rights of the socially marginalised, implement systems and practices that meet international standards, increase the accessibility and efficacy of relief processes, strengthen human rights education, and to enhance the capabilities of the National Human Rights Commission on Korea. Since its foundation in 2001, the NHRCK has contributed to the improvement of human rights situation in South Korean society. Below are, among many others, several significant achievements. The commission announced Korean Ten Important Corrections against Discrimination for Commemoration of 10th Anniversary of

3290-461: The liberation of Korea, he was elected as the chairman of the company's management committee. In 1946, as newly liberated Korea debated how to govern themselves for the first time in 40 years, he joined a nationalist organization with both pro-Communist and anti-Communist members but left after disagreements with the pro-communists. However, this left him open to red-baiting from his political opponents in his future political career. In 1947, he bought

3360-565: The main opposition party, the Reunification Democratic Party, and formed the Peace Democratic Party to run for the presidency. As a result, the opposition vote was split, and Roh won with only 36.6% of the popular vote. Kim Young-sam received 28% and Kim Dae-jung 27% of the votes. In July 2019, according to American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) documents obtained by Hong Kong's South China Morning Post through

3430-439: The majority Grand National Party of the outgoing president also agreed to convene a special session of the National Assembly to deal with a series of thirteen financial reform bills required under both the original IMF program and its 24 December revised deal. This transition period saw important financial reform legislation being passed into law, that had been stalled under the outgoing government. The president-elect cooperated with

3500-471: The midst of merger negotiations, the newly created Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) immediately called in LG Group's creditors to discuss punitive measures, including immediate suspension of credit and recall of existing loans and threatened to conduct a tax probe. In the end, LG Group agreed to the merger, relinquishing management control and selling its semiconductor business to Hyundai. Similarly, Samsung

3570-526: The nearby port city of Mokpo so that he could finish high school. He had to change his name to Toyota Taichū (豊田大中) because of the passing of the sōshi-kaimei ordinance. Kim graduated from Mokpo Commercial Middle School in 1944, and worked as a clerk at a Japanese-managed shipping company. In 1945, Kim married his first wife Cha Yong-ae, going on to have two sons. After the Japanese defeat in World War II and

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3640-608: The outgoing government and ruling party to get legislative backing for several important reform measures. In particular, the delegation of substantial powers to the newly created Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) greatly enhanced the government's powers to rein in the chaebols who were caught up in the crisis. As president-elect, Kim Dae-jung also advised outgoing president Kim Young-sam to pardon two former presidents who were both imprisoned in 1996 for corruption, treason and insurrection, Chun Doo-hwan (who had Kim sentenced to death) and Roh Tae-woo (Chun's second-in-command), in

3710-567: The plot. The NIS expressed its regret and had planned to kill and dump Kim into the sea. While the NIS panel said President Park "at least gave a passive approval", the panel added it could not prove Park directly ordered the kidnapping at the time. Kim had his political rights briefly restored in December 1979 by acting President Choi Kyu-hah after Park was assassinated , shortly before the Coup d'état of December Twelfth by Major General Chun Doo-hwan . In

3780-506: The president-elect Kim Dae-jung met and formed a joint 12-member Emergency Economic Committee (ECC), made up of six members each from the outgoing and incoming governments but effectively under the president-elect's control, serving as the de facto economic cabinet until Kim Dae-jung would assume office two months later on 25 February 1998. This meant that Kim effectively had taken charge of making economic decisions during this period even before he took office. The president-elect's coalition and

3850-479: The public revolted against the incumbent conservative Kim Young-sam government in the wake of the nation's economic collapse in the Asian financial crisis just weeks before the election. Forming an alliance with Kim Jong-pil who was previously prime minister under Park Chung Hee, he defeated Lee Hoi-chang , Kim Young-sam's designated successor, in the election held on 18 December 1997 . His election victory at that time

3920-403: The spirit of national unity. His swearing-in as the eighth president of South Korea on 25 February 1998, marked the first time in Korean history that the ruling party peacefully transferred power to a democratically elected opposition winner. Kim took office amidst an economic crisis. In his inaugural address, President Kim characterized his administration as a "government of the people". As

3990-490: The top of his class from the Seoul National University School of Law. Lee was widely viewed as politically inexperienced, elitist, and his inept handling of charges that his sons had dodged the mandatory military service further damaged his campaign. Kim, in contrast, had an outsider image which suited the anti-establishment mood and developed a strategy to use the media effectively in his campaign. In 1997,

4060-507: The wake of the coup, Chun's regime began a new wave of repression, falsely accusing Kim of instigating the May 1980 popular uprising in Gwangju , his political stronghold, and arrested him on charges of sedition and conspiracy. He was sentenced to death in September 1980. Pope John Paul II sent a letter to then-South Korean President Chun Doo-hwan on 11 December 1980, asking for clemency for Kim,

4130-629: Was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the 8th (15th election) president of South Korea from 1998 to 2003. Kim entered politics as a member of the new wing of the Democratic Party. He was an opposition politician who carried out a democratization movement against military dictatorship from the Third Republic in the 1960s to the Fifth Republic in the 1980s. He ran unsuccessfully in presidential elections in 1971, 1987, and 1992. In

4200-585: Was a farmer. Kim was a 12th generation descendant of Kim Ik-soo (김익수;金益壽) who served as Second Minister of the Board of War (병조참판;兵曹參判) and the civil minister (문신;文臣) who was involved in the construction of Gwansanggam during Joseon period. Ik-soo is the grandson of Kim Young-jeong (김영정;金永貞) of Gimhae Kim clan , this makes him a distant relative of Kim Jong-pil . Kim was born on the island of Hauido , Sinan County , Zenranan-dō , Korea, Empire of Japan (now South Jeolla Province , South Korea). Kim's family had moved to

4270-506: Was commuted to 20 years in prison. In December 1982, he was given exile in the U.S. and temporarily settled in Boston and taught at Harvard University as a visiting professor to the Center for International Affairs. During his period abroad, he authored a number of opinion pieces in leading western newspapers that were sharply critical of the South Korean government. On 30 March 1983, Kim presented

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4340-548: Was encouraged to sell its automotive operations to Daewoo. The reforms were modestly successful in getting the chaebols to change their ownership structure by separating ownership from management. Therefore, the largest changes made in this period were reforms in chaebol corporate governance through consolidated financial statements, independent external audits and reduction of intra-group mutual payment guarantees. Chaebols also streamlined their operations by reducing their excessive leverage and consolidating their many operations in

4410-471: Was imprisoned in 1976 for having participated in the proclamation of an anti-government manifesto and sentenced for five years in prison, which was reduced to house arrest in December 1978. During this period, he was designated a prisoner of conscience by Amnesty International . In October 2007, the National Intelligence Service, successor to the KCIA, admitted that the KCIA carried out

4480-622: Was left with a permanent limp. It has been suspected that the collision was an assassination attempt by Park 's regime. Shortly after, he left for Japan and began an exile movement as President Park launched a self-coup and introduced the dictatorial Yushin Constitution of 1972. Kim was almost killed in August 1973, when he was kidnapped from a hotel in Tokyo by KCIA agents in response to his criticism of President Park's yushin program, which granted near-dictatorial powers. Years later, Kim reflected on these events during his 2000 Nobel Peace Prize lecture: I have lived, and continue to live, in

4550-583: Was sent down from Heavens by the almighty God Himself to rescue me from the moment of death. Philip Habib , the US ambassador in Seoul , had interceded for him with the South Korean government; the "airplane" referred to was a patrol plane from the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force which was tracking the kidnappers. Kim was returned to South Korea, then put under house arrest and banned from politics. He

4620-500: Was sometimes referred to as "the Nelson Mandela of Asia". After completing his term in 2003, he died at the age of 85 on 18 August 2009, due to multiple organ failure and respiratory distress syndrome caused by pneumonia . Kim Dae-Jung was born on 6 January 1924, but he later edited his birth date to 3 December 1925, to avoid conscription under Japanese colonial rule . Kim was the second of seven children. His father, Kim Un-sik,

4690-402: Was the closest ever, where a split in the ruling conservative party led to separate candidacies of Lee Hoi-chang and Lee In-je , and both achieved 38.7% and 19.2% of the vote respectively, enabling Kim to win with only 40.3% of the popular vote or by a margin of 390,000 votes of 26 million over Lee Hoi-chang. Lee Hoi-chang was a former Supreme Court Justice and Prime Minister who had graduated at

4760-454: Was to publish '15 Years of NHRCK'. From 2012 to 2014 the commission had five priorities. These were to reinforce basic human rights and provide institutional protection, improving human rights protection for underprivileged and underrepresented people, make investigations and remedial actions more effective, enhance educational programs to improve public understanding of human rights, and to strengthen solutions to discrimination. The Special Task

4830-710: Was to work towards improving human rights in North Korea and the Feature Task was to spread the culture of business and human rights, Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) and to promote human rights. The commission's five priorities for this period were to strengthen the institutional protection of basic human rights, improve the rights of children and the elderly, promote the economic, social and cultural rights of economically vulnerable groups, improve migrant rights, and to strengthen anti-discrimination policies and solutions for socially vulnerable groups. The commission's five priorities for 2006 to 2008 were to reinforce

4900-405: Was viewed as vital to the financial and corporate reform process as a form of secure, stable and long-term form of investment, and also able to acquire new technologies and managerial practices. Kim's administration did not shy away from using strong-arm tactics to bring about desired results. For example, when LG Group objected to Hyundai taking the controlling share and decided to pull out in

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