NGSI-LD is an information model and API for publishing , querying and subscribing to context information . It is meant to facilitate the open exchange and sharing of structured information between different stakeholders. It is used across application domains such as smart cities , smart industry , smart agriculture , and more generally for the Internet of things , cyber-physical systems , systems of systems and digital twins .
23-708: NGSI-LD has been standardized by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standardization Institute) through the Context Information Management Industry Specification Group, following a request from the European Commission . Its takeup and further development are spelled out in the EU's "Rolling plan for ICT standardization". NGSI-LD builds upon a decades-old corpus of research in context management frameworks and context modelling. The acronym NGSI stands for "Next Generation Service Interfaces",
46-534: A cross-domain ontology that defines key constructs related to spatial, temporal or system-composition characteristics of entities. The flexible information model allows the specification of any kind of entity. In order to allow interoperability between NGSI-LD users, standardized entities are collaboratively defined at Smart Data Models Program and made available at its repository with an open-source license. The NGSI-LD specification consists of an information model and an API. The API provides functionalities to support
69-743: A few application protocols: WAP Forum (focused on browsing and device provisioning protocols), the Wireless Village (focused on instant messaging and presence), The SyncML Initiative (focused on data synchronization), the Location Interoperability Forum, the Mobile Games Interoperability Forum, and the Mobile Wireless Internet Forum. Each of these forums had its bylaws, its decision-taking procedures, its release schedules, and in some instances there
92-494: A given function are the same with either GSM , UMTS , or CDMA2000 networks. Adherence to the standards is entirely voluntary; the OMA does not have a mandative role.. OMA members that own intellectual property rights (e.g. patents ) on technologies that are essential to realizing a specification agree in advance to provide licenses to their technology on "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing " terms to other members. OMA
115-750: A lower hierarchy level available. These architectures are not mutually exclusive, i.e. an actual deployment may combine them in different ways. The NGSI-LD Context Information Management API allows users to provide, consume and subscribe to context information in multiple scenarios and involving multiple stakeholders. It enables close to real-time access to information coming from many different sources (not only IoT data sources), named Context Sources, as well as publishing that information through interoperable data publication platforms. It provides advanced geo-temporal queries, and it includes subscription mechanisms, in order for content consumers to be notified when content matching some constraints becomes available. The API
138-639: A suite of specifications originally issued by the OMA which included Context Interfaces. These were taken up and evolved as NGSIv2 by the European Future Internet Public-Private-Partnership (PPP), which spawned the FIWARE open source community. The NGSI-LD information model represents Context Information as entities that have properties and relationships to other entities. It is derived from property graphs, with semantics formally defined on
161-487: Is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of information and communications . ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services. ETSI was set up in 1988 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations ( CEPT ) following a proposal from the European Commission (EC). ETSI
184-487: Is designed to be agnostic to the architecture (central, distributed, federated or combinations thereof), so that applications which produce and consume information do not have to be tailored to the specifics of the system that distributes/brokers context information for them. API operations comprise: NGSI-LD was initiated by partners of the FIWARE programme , and is primarily used by the FIWARE open source community, supported by
207-514: Is diverse and includes all the key stakeholders of the ICT sector: private companies, research entities, academia, government and public bodies as well as societal stakeholders. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Micro-Enterprises (MEs) represent more than a quarter of ETSI's total membership. The list of current members can be found on the ETSI website. Membership contributions are calculated depending on
230-583: Is the officially recognized body with a responsibility for the standardization of information and communication technologies (ICT). It is one of the three bodies officially recognized by the European Union as a European Standards Organisation (ESO), the others being CEN and CENELEC . The role of the ESOs is to support EU regulation and policies through the production of harmonised European Standards (ENs) and other deliverables. The standards developed by ESOs are
253-768: The IPSO Alliance to form OMA SpecWorks. Related standards bodies include: 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP ), 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Its mission is to provide Interoperability of services across countries, operators and mobile terminals. The OMA only standardises applicative protocols; OMA specifications are intended to work with any cellular network technologies being used to provide networking and data transport. These networking technology are specified by outside parties. In particular, OMA specifications for
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#1732906316682276-534: The mobile phone industry. It is a nonprofit Non-governmental organization (NGO), not a formal government-sponsored standards organization as is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU): a forum for industry stakeholders to agree on common specifications for products and services. The OMA was created in June 2002 as an answer to the proliferation of industry forums each dealing with
299-606: The Context Information Interface. The NGSI standard from OMA and its intermediary evolutions relied on a classical Entity–attribute–value model and an XML-based representation. The NGSI Context Interfaces were adapted by the FI-WARE project, which developed the platform for the European Future Internet Public-Private-Partnership (PPP). The OMA NGSI Context Interfaces got an HTTP binding with a JSON representation, referred to as NGSIv1, which included both NGSI-9 and NGSI-10. In
322-619: The FIWARE Foundation as well as a diverse range of other projects and users such as below: NGSI-LD is the result of an evolution of Context Interfaces that started as part of the "Next Generation Service Interfaces" (NGSI) suite published by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) in 2012, which is also the source of the acronym NGSI. The NGSI suite included NGSI-9 as the Context Entity Discovery Interface and NGSI-10 as
345-489: The architectural roles described in the following. [REDACTED] The architectural roles allow the implementation of different deployment architectures. In a centralized architectures, there is a central Context Broker that stores the context information provided by Context Producers. In a distributed setting, all context information can be stored by Context Sources. In a federated architecture, Context Sources can again be Context Brokers that make aggregated information from
368-435: The basis of RDF and the semantic web framework. It can be serialized using JSON-LD . Every entity and relationship is given a unique IRI reference as identifier, making the corresponding data exportable as linked data datasets. The -LD suffix denotes this affiliation to the linked data universe. The NGSI-LD information model can be considered as the first formal specification by a de jure standards organization of
391-704: The course of FI-PPP the interfaces further evolved into NGSIv2, which became the key interface of the FIWARE platform. After the end of the FI-PPP in 2016, the FIWARE platform became the core of the FIWARE Open Source Community managed by the FIWARE Foundation . In 2017, the ETSI Industry Specification Group on cross-cutting Context Information Management (ETSI ISG CIM) was created to evolve the Context Information Interface, which resulted in
414-531: The creation of NGSI-LD. The limitations of the original information model led to the specification of a broader model which derives from property graphs, explicitly including relationships between entities, on a par with entities themselves. ETSI ISG CIM continues to evolve the NGSI-LD Information Model and API. It publishes new versions of the specification once or twice a year. ETSI The European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI )
437-548: The different ETSI technical groups (Technical Committee (TC), ETSI Project (EP), ETSI Partnership Project (EPP), Industry Specification Group (ISG), and Special Committee (SC). ETSI's Cloud Group aims to consider standardisation within cloud computing and conformity with interoperability standards in this field. In October 2023, ETSI reported a data breach. Hackers stole a database containing information on ETSI’s online users. ETSI has more than 900 member organizations worldwide from 65 countries and five continents. Its community
460-428: The only ones that can be recognized as ENs. ETSI develops standards in key global technologies such as: GSM , TETRA , 3G , 4G , 5G , DECT . ETSI’s standardization activities are organized around sectors: Home & Office, Better Living with ICT, Content Delivery, Networks, Wireless Systems , Transportation, Connecting Things, Interoperability, Public Safety and Security. Technical activities are carried out in
483-480: The property graph model, which has emerged since the early 2000s as an informal common denominator model for graph databases . The core concepts are: The NGSI-LD meta-model formally defines these foundational concepts (Entities, Relationships, Properties) on the basis of RDF / RDFS / OWL , and partially on the basis of JSON-LD . Complementing this metamodel, the NGSI-LD information model specification also provides
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#1732906316682506-484: The type of membership. Members' and associate members' contributions are calculated by class which is derived from the member company's annual ECRT band. The organisation is located in Sophia-Antipolis , in the south of France . Open Mobile Alliance OMA SpecWorks , previously the Open Mobile Alliance ( OMA ), is a standards organization which develops open , international technical standards for
529-416: Was some overlap in the specifications, causing duplication of work. Members include traditional wireless industry players such as equipment and mobile systems manufacturers ( Ericsson , ZTE , Nokia , Qualcomm , Rohde & Schwarz ) and mobile operators ( AT&T , NTT Docomo , Orange , T-Mobile , Verizon ), and also software vendors ( Gemalto , Mavenir and others). In March, 2018, it merged with
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