50-522: The North Eastern Railway Class E1 , classified as Class J72 by the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), is a class of small 0-6-0 T steam locomotives designed by Wilson Worsdell for shunting . They had inside cylinders and Stephenson valve gear . They were a development of the earlier NER Class E (LNER Class J71) 0-6-0 T designed by T.W. Worsdell who was Wilson Worsdell's brother. A total of 113 locomotives were built: This
100-484: A laurel wreath in relief carving; the inside of the walls is further decorated with laurel swags below the urns. The rear wall bears further relief swags to either side of the obelisk; the North Eastern Railway Company's coat of arms is engraved on the pedestal of the obelisk, just above the level of the screen wall, which is surrounded by another laurel wreath. The obelisk rises above the screen wall to
150-534: A controversy surrounding its size and location, which grew to envelop the proposed York City War Memorial . Following the railway company's lead, the City War Memorial Committee also appointed Lutyens, and endorsed his plan for a Stone of Remembrance elevated on a large plinth in the moat by Lendal Bridge , 100 yards (90 metres) from the proposed site of the NER's memorial. The controversy revolved partly around
200-597: A director, later becoming Chairman (1904-5; curtailed by his appointment as Foreign Secretary). In his autobiographical work Twenty-Five Years Grey later wrote that ‘…the year 1905 was one of the happiest of my life; the work of Chairman of the Railway was agreeable and interesting…’. After leaving the Foreign Office Grey resumed his directorship of the NER in 1917, and when the North Eastern Railway became part of
250-605: A near monopoly. That district extended through Yorkshire , County Durham and Northumberland , with outposts in Westmorland and Cumberland . The only company penetrating its territory was the Hull & Barnsley, which it absorbed shortly before the main grouping. The NER's main line formed the middle link on the Anglo-Scottish "East Coast Main Line" between London and Edinburgh , joining
300-518: A number of deaths occurred when the North Eastern Railway Tug Stranton sank off the south coast of England. By the end of the war, 2,236 men from the company had died on military service overseas; others were killed at home by bombardments of east coast ports, such as the raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby , and in the three Zeppelin raids on York . After the war, thousands of memorials were built across Britain. Among
350-411: A plot of land off Leeman Road, just outside the city walls, and for a reduced scheme in the form of a cross due to a shortage of funds. Coincidentally, the land was owned by the railway company and the NER board donated it to the city in a mark of gratitude for the good relations between the company and the city; the NER had by that time been amalgamated into the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) as
400-491: A result of the Railways Act 1921 . Built from Portland stone , the memorial is sited against the ramparts of the city walls. It consists of a single, 30-foot (9-metre) obelisk rising from a three-tiered pedestal set into the rear portion of a three-sided screen wall. The wall creates a recess, sheltering a Stone of Remembrance. The two flanking sides terminate with urn-shaped finials ; the ends of each wall are decorated with
450-589: A story about the Bells and the NER: As the heirs of the director of the North Eastern Railway, the Hugh Bells were transport royalty. At Middlesbrough the stationmaster doffed his hat to them and ushered them onto the train at Redcar. Many years later, Florence's daughter Lady Richmond was to remember an occasion when she was seeing her father off from King's Cross, and he had remained on the platform so that they could talk until
500-517: A total height of 54 feet (16 metres). The Stone of Remembrance is a monolith in the shape of an altar, 12 feet (3.7 metres) long and curved so slightly as to barely be visible to the naked eye; it is deliberately devoid of any decoration besides the inscription "THEIR NAME LIVETH FOR EVERMORE". The dedication is inscribed in the centre of the rear part of the screen wall: "IN REMEMBRANCE OF THOSE MEN OF THE NORTH EASTERN RAILWAY WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THEIR COUNTRY THE COMPANY PLACES THIS MONUMENT";
550-399: A war memorial, and decided that it should be of "an ornamental, rather than of a utilitarian character". The board initially planned to seek donations for the project from it workforce, but changed its mind after the general manager reported that the idea met with widespread disapproval among employees. It then formed a subcommittee to consider possible designs and propose a suitable budget. At
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#1732916539623600-486: Is a rare, possibly unique, example of a locomotive class which was built, completely unchanged, under pre-grouping , post-grouping and British Railways administration. British Railways numbers were: No. 69023 (Departmental No. 59) was purchased by Mr. R. Ainsworth. It is owned by the North Eastern Locomotive Preservation Group . It has worked on several preserved railways . In contrast to
650-540: Is largely drawn from Appendix E (pp 778–779) in Tomlinson. 1854 1857 1858 1859 1862 1863 1865 1866 1870 1872 1874 1876 1882 1883 1889 1893 1898 1900 1914 1922 1853 1857 1893 Having inherited the country's first ever great barrel-vault roofed station, Newcastle Central, from its constituent the York Newcastle & Berwick railway,
700-415: Is still extant but in non-transport use since 1991 as a second-hand book warehouse, the others having been demolished during the 1950s/60s state-owned railway era, two (Sunderland and Middlesbrough) following Second World War bomb damage. The NER was the first railway company in the world to appoint a full-time salaried architect to work with its chief engineer in constructing railway facilities. Some of
750-402: The 17th (N.E.R. Pioneer) Battalion and 32nd (N.E.R. Reserve) Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers . This was the first time that a battalion had been raised from one Company. The company also sent two tug boats, NER No.3 . and Stranton The latter became HM Tug Char and was lost at sea on 16 January 1915 with the loss of all hands. The NER Heraldic Device (seen above the tile map photo)
800-529: The First World War and were killed while serving. The NER board voted in early 1920 to allocate £20,000 for a memorial and commissioned Lutyens. The committee for the York City War Memorial followed suit and also appointed Lutyens, but both schemes became embroiled in controversy. Concerns were raised from within the community about the effect of the NER memorial on the city walls and its impact on
850-842: The Great Northern Railway near Doncaster and the North British Railway at Berwick-upon-Tweed . Although primarily a Northern English railway, the NER had a short length of line in Scotland, in Roxburghshire , with stations at Carham and Sprouston on the Tweedmouth-Kelso route (making it the only English railway with sole ownership of any line in Scotland), and was a joint owner of the Forth railway bridge and its approach lines. The NER
900-783: The London and North Eastern Railway he became a director of that company, remaining in this position until 1933. At the Railway Centenary celebrations in July 1925, Grey accompanied the Duke and Duchess of York and presented them with silver models of the Stockton and Darlington Railway engine Locomotion and the passenger carriage Experiment . (Post renamed Superintendent of the Line): (Post then divided between General Superintendent - Henry Angus Watson - & Chief Passenger Agent) The above list only covers
950-806: The 1980s, funded by donations from the British Railways Engineers Ex-Servicemen's Association match-funded by British Rail . Erosion continued in the years following and in lieu of re-carving them and causing further damage to the memorial, the names were recorded in a book which is held by the National Railway Museum . The memorial was designated a grade II* listed building (a status which offers statutory protection from demolition or modification, defined as "particularly important buildings of more than special interest" and applied to about 5.5% of listed buildings) on 10 September 1970. In November 2015, as part of commemorations for
1000-483: The NER during the next half century built a finer set of grand principal stations than any other British railway company, with examples at Alnwick , Tynemouth , Gateshead East, Sunderland , Stockton , Middlesbrough , Darlington Bank Top , York and Hull Paragon ; the rebuilding and enlargement of the last-named resulting in the last of the type in the country. The four largest, at Newcastle, Darlington, York and Hull survive in transport use, as does Tynemouth. Alnwick
1050-477: The NER had a reputation for innovation. It was a pioneer in architectural and design matters and in electrification. By 1906 the NER was further ahead than any other British railway in having a set of rules agreed with the trades unions, including arbitration, for resolving disputes. In its final days it also began the collection that became the Railway Museum at York, now the National Railway Museum . In 1913,
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#17329165396231100-529: The NER involved the memorial abutting the city walls and would have required excavation of part of the ramparts , to which the Yorkshire Architectural and York Archaeological Society (YAYAS) strenuously objected. The NER's in-house architect suggested moving the memorial ten feet (three metres) to the east, away from the wall; Lutyens, in India at the time, dismissed the idea in a cable . In February 1922,
1150-472: The NER met with Charles Reed Peers , the Ancient Monuments Board's chief inspector, at the NER's offices on 8 July 1922, in preparation for which the NER erected a full-size wooden model of their proposed memorial. Peers approved the city's scheme, noting that its proposed location was in fact a newer structure and not part of the walls' ramparts, but requested that Lutyens submit a revised design for
1200-506: The NER's memorial to move it away from the wall. Lutyens acquiesced but observed that the modifications would require a reduction in the size of the screen wall and thus in the size of the names to be listed on it, which he felt was detrimental to the scheme. He submitted the revised designs and they were approved in October 1922. The remaining issues were largely resolved after the city relented to public pressure and opted to site its memorial on
1250-458: The North Eastern Railway's. The war memorial is one of several buildings and structures in the centre of York related to the NER, including the company's headquarters and the city's original railway station . The site—chosen as being immediately adjacent to the company's head office—was originally a coal depot and carriage sidings. At a meeting in April 1919, the NER's board discussed the idea of
1300-576: The Northern and Southern Divisions. The NER was one of the first main line rail companies in Britain to adopt electric traction , the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway having opened its first electrified line between Liverpool and Southport one week earlier. The Tyneside scheme commenced public operation on 29 March 1904. The scheme was known as Tyneside Electrics and totalled about 30 miles: The last-named
1350-438: The arms of the three places in its title) Constituent companies of the NER are listed in chronological order under the year of amalgamation. Their constituent companies are indented under the parent company with the year of amalgamation in parentheses. If a company changed its name (usually after amalgamation or extension), the earlier names and dates are listed after the later name. The information for this section
1400-492: The base of the obelisk. The memorial is a grade II* listed building , and is part of a "national collection" of Lutyens' war memorials. The North Eastern Railway (NER), one of the largest employers in the north of England, released over 18,000 of its employees to serve in the armed forces during the First World War , many of them joining the 17th (North Eastern Railway) Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers ,
1450-535: The city centre from the railway station would see the NER's memorial first. Lutyens responded that he felt the two memorials would show a common purpose, and thus that their proximity was not an issue. The issue was further complicated by the proximity of both proposed schemes to York's ancient city walls ; both schemes required the consent of the Ancient Monuments Board (later English Heritage and now Historic England), particularly as Lutyens' design for
1500-417: The city. The NER memorial was unveiled on 14 June 1924 by Field Marshal Lord Plumer . It consists of a 54-foot (16-metre) high obelisk which rises from the rear portion of a three-sided screen wall. The wall forms a recess in which stands Lutyens' characteristic Stone of Remembrance . The wall itself is decorated with several carved swags and wreaths, including a wreath surrounding the NER's coat of arms at
1550-588: The company achieved a total revenue of £11,315,130 (equivalent to £1,406,360,000 in 2023) with working expenses of £7,220,784 (equivalent to £897,470,000 in 2023). During the First World War, the NER lost a total of 2,236 men who are commemorated on the North Eastern Railway War Memorial in York. An earlier printed Roll of Honour lists 1,908 men. They also raised two 'Pals Battalions' ,
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1600-520: The company's annual general meeting in February 1920, a resolution was passed allocating a budget of £20,000 for the designing and building of a memorial. The board commissioned Lutyens, which was confirmed in October 1921, for a fee of £700 plus travel and out-of-pocket expenses. The NER's deputy general manager explained that Lutyens had been chosen because he was "the fashionable architect and therefore could do no wrong". The project became embroiled in
1650-577: The dates of the First World War are inscribed to either side. The 2,236 names were inscribed on panels affixed to the wall. Behind the Stone of Remembrance are 15 slates set into the floor of the memorial in 1984, bearing the names of the LNER's 551 dead from the Second World War . The North Eastern Railway War Memorial was finally constructed once the ancient Monuments Board approved Lutyens' modified design; it
1700-563: The lord mayors of Bradford, Hull, and York. Sentries from the Durham Light Infantry stood at the four corners of the Stone of Remembrance. Among those to give speeches was Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon , a member of the NER's board and the former foreign secretary famous for his remark " the lamps are going out ". Grey spoke of the losses caused by the war: "the old North Eastern board and its general manager numbered some twenty persons. Out of those twenty, four lost sons in
1750-434: The men appointed were based in, or active in, Darlington . Professional design was carried through to small fixtures and fittings, such as platform seating, for which the NER adopted distinctive 'coiled snake' bench-ends. Cast-iron footbridges were also produced to a distinctive design. The NER's legacy continued to influence the systematic approach to design adopted by the grouped LNER. The initial NER Board of Directors
1800-811: The most prominent designers of memorials was architect Sir Edwin Lutyens , described by Historic England as "the leading English architect of his generation". Lutyens designed The Cenotaph in London, which became the focus for the national Remembrance Sunday commemorations, as well as the Thiepval Memorial to the Missing —the largest British war memorial anywhere in the world—and the Stone of Remembrance which appears in all large Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries and in several of Lutyens' war memorials in Britain, including
1850-530: The most senior officers of the company and its passenger department. Further lists covering the officers in the Engineering, Locomotive and Docks departments will be summarised here as they appear. The Northern and Southern Divisions were established for operating and engineering purposes on the creation of the NER in 1854. When the merger with the Stockton and Darlington Railway took place in 1863 their lines became
1900-534: The normal black paint finish, this loco operates in a hybrid NER/LNER/BR apple green paint scheme. It re-entered service in 2010 and visited many heritage railways. No. 69023 is now based on the Wensleydale Railway but returns to the NELPG's base at Hopetown Carriage Works, Darlington for winter maintenance. North Eastern Railway (UK) The North Eastern Railway ( NER ) was an English railway company. It
1950-430: The proposed scheme for the city's war memorial, given that the two memorials were planned to be 100 yards (90 metres) apart and the city's budget was a tenth of the NER's. The controversy was resolved after Lutyens modified his plans for the NER memorial to move it away from the walls and the city opted for a revised scheme on land just outside the walls; coincidentally the land was owned by the NER, whose board donated it to
2000-426: The relationship between the two memorials—Lutyens felt that the two designs would complement one another, but the city had given Lutyens a budget of £2,000, a tenth of that allocated to him by the NER, and some members of the local community were concerned that the railway company's memorial would be much larger and would overshadow the city's. Another concern, raised by a city councillor, was that visitors walking into
2050-542: The secretary of the YAYAS, Dr William Evelyn , gave a lecture in which he was severely critical of the NER's proposed memorial. He told his audience "I think it is an enormous pity that they cannot find room in which to place a sacred emblem commemorative of the patriotism, bravery, and self-sacrifice of our own soldiers of the twentieth century and that it should be considered necessary to deface and despoil another sacred emblem". The City War Memorial Committee and representatives of
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2100-826: The train left. The packed train failed to leave on time. Remarking on its lateness, they continued to talk until they were approached by a guard. 'If you would like to finish your conversation, Sir Hugh', he suggested, doffing his hat, 'we will then be ready to depart'. Among the other famous directors of the NER were George Leeman (director 1854–82, Chairman 1874–80); Henry Pease (director 1861–1881); Sir Joseph Whitwell Pease, Bart. (director 1863–1902, Chairman 1895–1902); John Dent Dent (director 1879–94, Chairman 1880–94); Matthew White Ridley, 1st Viscount Ridley (director 1881–1904, Chairman 1902–04); Sir Edward Grey, Bart (see below); George Gibb (solicitor 1882–1891, general manager 1891–1906, director 1906–1910); and Henry Tennant (director 1891–1910). In 1898 Sir Edward Grey became
2150-415: The war; three lost only sons. There is no reason to suppose that proportion is exceptional". At the conclusion of the service, the " Last Post " was sounded and the crowd observed two minutes' silence. The city's war memorial was unveiled a year later. The inscriptions, particularly the names of those killed, suffered from exposure to the elements. Restoration work, including re-carving, was carried out in
2200-471: The ‘Darlington Section’ until 1873, and then the Central Division. In 1888 the boundaries were altered to remove anomalies; for example, the former Clarence Railway routes became part of the Central Division. The engineering and purchasing autonomy of the three divisions brought about diverging styles of infrastructure. In 1899 it was decided to abolish the Central Division and its area was divided between
2250-656: Was a combination of the devices of its three major constituents at formation in 1854: the York and North Midland Railway (top; arms of the City of York); the Leeds Northern Railway (lower left; arms of the City of Leeds along with representations of the expected traffic, wool and corn, and connection to the sea via the West Hartlepool Harbour and Railway ); and the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway (lower right; parts of
2300-437: Was drawn from the directors of its four constituent companies. A director of the NER from 1864, and deputy chairman from 1895 until his death in 1904, was ironmaster and industrial chemist Sir Lowthian Bell . His son Sir Hugh Bell was also a director; he had a private platform on the line between Middlesbrough and Redcar at the bottom of the garden of his house Red Barns. Gertrude Bell 's biographer, Georgina Howell, recounts
2350-470: Was electrically operated from June 1905 and was a 3/4 mile freight-only line from Trafalgar Yard, Manors to Newcastle Quayside Yard. North Eastern Railway War Memorial The North Eastern Railway War Memorial is a First World War memorial in York in northern England. It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens to commemorate employees of the North Eastern Railway (NER) who left to fight in
2400-531: Was incorporated in 1854 by the combination of several existing railway companies. Later, it was amalgamated with other railways to form the London and North Eastern Railway at the Grouping in 1923. Its main line survives to the present day as part of the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh . Unlike many other pre-Grouping companies the NER had a relatively compact territory, in which it had
2450-479: Was the only English railway to run trains regularly into Scotland, over the Berwick-Edinburgh main line as well as on the Tweedmouth-Kelso branch. The total length of line owned was 4,990 miles (8,030 km) and the company's share capital was £82 million. The headquarters were at York and the works at Darlington, Gateshead, York and elsewhere. Befitting the successor to the Stockton and Darlington Railway,
2500-517: Was unveiled by Field Marshal Herbert Plumer, 1st Baron Plumer (later 1st Viscount Plumer) at a ceremony on 14 June 1924, and dedicated by the Archbishop of York Cosmo Gordon Lang . A crowd of five to six thousand people gathered for the ceremony, among them multiple civic officials and officers of the LNER and former NER, including Sir Ralph Wedgwood , chief officer of the LNER; the Sheriff of York; and
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