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24-651: The organization has supported the renaming of locations with names tied to racism and slavery, improved the awareness of Black burial sites in the province, and opened New Brunswick's first Black History Heritage Site at the Brunswick Square in Saint John . The New Brunswick Black History Society was founded in June of 2010, under PRUDE Inc., which oversaw it. In June 2021, the organization opened New Brunswick's first Black History Heritage Site, located in Brunswick Square in

48-525: A dual naming strategy was adopted but it is now commonly known as Uluru. Other more unusual reasons for renaming have included getting rid of an inappropriate or embarrassing name, or as part of a sponsorship deal or publicity stunt. In some cases established institutions preserve the old names of the renamed places in their names, such as the Pusan National University in Busan , South Korea ;

72-400: A colonial settler community had displaced the indigenous peoples and started using names in the settler language centuries ago, and more recent efforts have been made to use names in the indigenous language alongside the colonial names, as an act of reconciliation. In Afghanistan, the name 'Dari' replaced Persian (Farsi) after the 1964 constitution which was the only official language until

96-432: A completely different name being adopted or may only be a slight change in spelling. Some names are changed locally but the new names are not recognised by other countries, especially when there is a difference in language. Other names may not be officially recognised but remain in common use. Many places have different names in different languages, and a change of language in official or general use has often resulted in what

120-553: A country splitting or two countries joining, the names of the relevant areas can change. This, however, is more the creation of a different entity than an act of geographical renaming. Place names may revert to an earlier name; for instance in Australia, pre-colonial names established thousands of years ago by Aboriginal peoples have been reclaimed as official names. Examples include K'gari (formerly Fraser Island and various other names since settlement), and Uluru / Ayers Rock , where

144-725: A recent push to adopt Pinyin by the Kuomintang government. Examples of changes: In the People's Republic of China In the Republic of China (Taiwan) In Singapore The introduction of the Revised Romanization of Korean in place of the McCune–Reischauer system on 7 July 2000 by the South Korean government has resulted in a string of changes to geographical names. The system

168-456: Is arguably a change of name. There are many reasons to undertake renaming, with political motivation being the primary cause; for example many places in the former Soviet Union and its satellites were renamed to honour Stalin . Sometimes a place reverts to its former name (see, for example, de-Stalinization ). One of the most common reasons for a country changing its name is newly acquired independence. When borders are changed, sometimes due to

192-564: Is not used by North Korea . Examples of changes include: For geographical entities with multiple pre-existing names in one or more languages, an exonym or endonym may gradually be substituted and used in the English language. This is a list of internationally important or significant renamings. The British government records changes of countries' names. Turkey Main article: Place name changes in Turkey Dual naming Dual naming

216-571: Is now officially named Uluru / Ayers Rock . In the city of Adelaide , the Adelaide City Council began the process of dual naming all of the city squares, each of the parks making up the parklands which surround the Adelaide city centre and North Adelaide , and other sites of significance to the Kaurna people (the "Adelaide tribe") in 1997. The naming process, which assigned an extra name in

240-536: Is the adoption of an official place name that combines two earlier names, or uses both names, often to resolve a disagreement over which of the two individual names is more appropriate. In some cases, the reasons are political. Sometimes the two individual names are from different languages; in some cases this is because the country has more than one official language, and in others, one language has displaced another. In several countries, dual naming has begun to be applied only recently. This has come about in places where

264-548: The Kaurna language to each place, was mostly completed in 2003, and the renaming of 39 sites finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands had their official dual name attested from 1916; it was made official with the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955 . In Finland, many towns have two names, one in Finnish and one in Swedish (the two official languages of

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288-875: The Peking University in Beijing ; Bombay Stock Exchange , IIT Bombay and the Bombay High Court in Mumbai ; University of Madras , Madras Stock Exchange , the Madras High Court , and IIT Madras in Chennai ; the University of Malaya , Keretapi Tanah Melayu , in Malaysia ; and SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organization), the ruling party of Namibia . Often the older name will persist in colloquial expressions. For example,

312-609: The Pinyin romanisation system in February 1958 in place of previous systems such as the postal romanization and Wade–Giles . Many Chinese geographical entities (and associated entities named after geographical names) thus had their English names changed. The changes sometimes appear drastic, since it is sometimes the case that the former romanisations were derived from Cantonese—the common language in British-held Hong Kong—while

336-556: The 1920s, but dual names have become much more common in the 1990s and 2000s, in part due to Treaty of Waitangi settlements . "Derry/Londonderry" has been used unofficially to circumvent the Derry/Londonderry name dispute , in which Irish nationalists used "Derry" and Ulster unionists use "Londonderry" for the city and county in Northern Ireland . The "Derry stroke Londonderry" spoken form of this has in turn engendered

360-636: The PRC (e.g. Lhasa , Ürümqi , Hohhot , Xigazê , Ili , Altay , Kaxgar , Hulunbuir , Erenhot , with a notable exception being place names in Ningxia, whose native Hui people speak Mandarin as their native language) and has not resulted in any geographical name change in the SARs of Hong Kong and Macau , and is adopted only in parts of Taiwan , particularly within Taipei and other Kuomintang controlled cities and counties, in

384-481: The approval of the constitution in that year. In addition government also added Pushtu as a fellow official language in the country. In Australia, a dual naming policy is often now used officially to name landmarks that are of significance to local Indigenous Australians , but for which the most common name is European. For example, the landmark with the Pitjantjatjara name Uluru and English name Ayers Rock

408-481: The city of Saint John . The heritage room, which displays exhibits providing information about escapees of slavery through the Underground Railroad as well as prominent black figures from New Brunswick, was created with the aim to educate residents about black history in the province, in similar fashion to centres in other provinces. The New Brunswick Black History Society has made significant contributions in

432-480: The city's nickname "Stroke City". In Romania , the cities of Turnu Severin and Cluj were renamed Drobeta-Turnu Severin in 1972 and Cluj-Napoca in 1974, respectively, for political reasons, as the communist government wanted to emphasize the cities' Roman origins. Another example of the phenomenon can be seen in the name of the capital of the Spanish Basque Country , Vitoria-Gasteiz . This combines

456-634: The country). The two names are considered equally correct but are not used as a formal duality of names. The official names of bilingual areas of Alsace , France , and Switzerland also apply. For instance, the German and French Swiss town of Biel/Bienne is the combination of its German name (Biel) and its French name (Bienne). Similarly, some places in New Zealand have dual Māori and English names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook . The practice of officially giving certain New Zealand places dual names began in

480-623: The dish known in English as " Peking duck " retained that name even when the Chinese capital changed its transliteration to " Beijing ". Changes in romanisation systems can result in minor or major changes in spelling in the Roman alphabet for geographical entities, even without any change in name pronunciation or spelling in the local alphabet or other writing system. Names in non-Roman characters can also be spelled very differently when Romanised in different European languages. China developed and adopted

504-526: The first Canadian-born Black lawyer, whose resting place was previously unmarked. On June 24, 2021, the newly erected headstone was unveiled at a cemetery in Saint John. Geographical renaming Geographical renaming is the changing of the name of a geographical feature or area, which ranges from the change of a street name to a change to the name of a country. Places are also sometimes assigned dual names for various reasons. A change might see

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528-576: The newer romanisations are derived entirely from Mandarin. However, the pronunciation in Mandarin has mostly stayed the same both before and after the change. Pinyin was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization in 1982 and officially adopted in Singapore (resulting in several geographical name changes of its own). However it is usually not applied in the autonomous regions of

552-651: The province, such as the Black Settlement Burial Ground located in Willow Grove , which serves as the resting place for numerous Black Loyalists and refugees who sought refuge from the United States during the early 19th century. In 2021, the NBBHS, along with affiliate organization PRUDE as well as local lawyers, raised funds for the installation of a headstone at the gravesite of Abraham Beverley Walker ,

576-611: The renaming of several geographical locations and landmarks in New Brunswick that previously had racist names containing the ”N” slur . A number of these locations were subsequently renamed to commemorate early Black sellers in the province, such as the breakwater connecting Partridge Island to mainland Saint John, which was renamed to Hodges Point Breakwater to honor Fred Hodges , a local labor and civil rights leader. The organization has also engaged in efforts to preserve and to raise awareness towards preserving Black burial sites in

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