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52-585: The city also hosts the main campus of the Rey Juan Carlos University . The municipality presents a largely flat relief. The main hydrographic features are the Guadarrama river at the western end of the municipality and several of the latter's left bank tributary creeks, including the Arroyo del Soto and the Arroyo de los Combos. It lies at 660 metres above sea level. Human beings have been present since

104-529: A centre of the national language teaching institution are also located in the municipality. Two of the most architectural landmarks in Móstoles are churches; the church of La Asunción de Nuestra Señora (whose construction dates back to the 13th century) features a Mudéjar apse . The Baroque hermitage of La Virgen de los Santos dates from the 17th century. There is a sculpture by Aurelio Carretero paying homage to Andrés Torrejón inaugurated in 1908 to mark

156-430: A constructive function but which were also decorative. Brick held great importance as a material of construction, its maneuverability and resistance, aesthetic characteristics and inexpensive nature, made it suitable for architecture that needed to be built in a timely fashion. Mudejar decoration and ornamentation includes stylized calligraphy and intricate geometric and vegetal forms. The classic Mudéjar elements include

208-654: A greenway ( via verde ) for cyclists and walkers. The route crosses the river Guadarrama on an iron bridge. The via verde connects to a waymarked long-distance walk to Guadalupe in Extremadura. The waymarking is recent, but it marks a traditional route from Madrid to the Our Lady of Guadalupe pilgrimage site. The following festivities are also held in Spain generally: Rey Juan Carlos University Rey Juan Carlos University ( Spanish : Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , URJC )

260-454: A key feature of Islamic art and architectural traditions, but in conveying the sumptuousness of materials and ornament. Many decorative arts were applied to architecture, such as the tiling and ceramic work, as well as carving practices. To enliven the surfaces of wall and floor, Mudéjar art developed complicated tiling patterns. The motifs on tile work are often abstract, leaning more on vegetal designs and straying from figural images (which

312-426: A range of objects, from bowls and plates to candlesticks. Mudejar style ceramics were typically worked in three “styles:” green-purple ware (manganese green), ( cobalt ) blue ware, and gold-glazed ware ( lusterware ). Mudejar artisans introduced their perfected glazing techniques to Medieval Europe where Mudejar pottery from Manises, Paterna, and Teruel were the most popular. A transparent glaze could be achieved through

364-557: A royal cédula granting Móstoles the independence from Toledo, becoming a town ( villa ) under realengo  [ es ] (directly owned by the monarch). Móstoles became famous as, although it was only a small town, its municipal authorities called for a general rebellion against the French forces on 2 May 1808 immediately after the Dos de Mayo Uprising in the Spanish capital, reportedly issuing

416-469: A wide range of official master's (81) and doctoral programs involving both degrees and training (34) in health sciences, experimental sciences and technology, communication sciences, and law and social sciences. King Juan Carlos University has five campuses in Madrid , Fuenlabrada , Móstoles , Aranjuez and Vicálvaro , as well as a foundation whose headquarters are on Madrid's Plaza de Manuel Becerra. The URJC

468-634: A “common visual language” rather than a cohesive structure with particular regulations. This led to Mudejar design themes in the New World to be considered purely a continuation of an architectural blend that was unique to Spain. The Church of San Miguel in Sucre , Bolivia, provides an example of Mudéjar in Hispanic America with its interior decorations and the open floor plan. Mudéjar geometric design can be seen through its octagonal patterned wood ceiling and in

520-422: Is cycling infrastructure (Spanish: aceras bici , "bike-sidewalks") within central Móstoles. Funds were made available in 2017 to upgrade these cycleways. It is also possible to cycle into the nearby countryside. The railway line originally continued to Almorox , but the section beyond Móstoles was closed in the 1960s. Between Móstoles-El Soto railway station and Navalcarnero the track has been converted into

572-543: Is a Spanish public research university located in the southern area of the Community of Madrid ( Spain ), with five campuses at Móstoles , Alcorcón , Vicálvaro , Aranjuez and Fuenlabrada . It is named after former king Juan Carlos I of Spain and has the Latin motto Non nova, sed nove ("Not new things, but in a new way"). It was established in 1996 by the government of the Community of Madrid . With 44.916 students, it

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624-599: Is common in Islamic work). The colors of tile work of the Mudéjar period are much brighter and more vibrant than other European styles. The production process was also typical of techniques that had been used in Islamic Iberia, the tile was fired before it was cut into smaller, more manageable pieces. This approach meant that the tiles and glaze work shrank less in the firing process, and retained their designs more clearly. This allowed

676-563: Is considered one of the greatest surviving examples of Mudéjar Gothic and Mudéjar Renaissance architecture although its so-called Mudéjar Rooms are directly related to the Moorish Nasirid architecture of the Alhambra rather than to Mudéjar art techniques; the Christian king Pedro of Castile employed architects from the then Islamic Emirate of Granada to construct them. Mudéjar art emerged in

728-988: Is divided into four campuses. Each campus is composed of one or more schools: Each school or college is governed by a Dean or School Director, and is divided into academic departments. Studies include computer science , telecommunications engineering , chemical engineering , environmental science , odontology , medicine , nursing , physiotherapy , audiovisual communication , telecommunications , tourism , journalism , law , economics , applied economics including Austrian economics , business administration and management , sociology , history , accounting and finance , marketing , food science and technology , biology , psychology , preschool education , international relations , visual arts and dance , and criminology , among others. In 2007 Juan Velarde Fuertes, Iñaki Gabilondo , Luis del Olmo and Antonio Mingote were awarded honorary doctorates from King Juan Carlos University. In January 2008, Bernardo Kliksberg became

780-506: Is placed in the east of the municipality, and Parque-Coimbra, which is located in the southwest. The city had a population of 209,184 in 2019 and Parque-Coimbra is home to 10,747 people. Some neighbourhoods are acknowledged by the town council and other by the autonoumous community (region) of Madrid. However, very few are recognised by the Spanish Statistics Institute such as Pinares Llanos and Parque Guadarrama. According to

832-647: Is the second-biggest public university in the Community of Madrid, behind the historical Universidad Complutense . URJC is one of eight universities in the Community of Madrid, and it is the second-newest university in the autonomous community . King Juan Carlos University offers a range of degrees, all adapted to the European Higher Education Area . This includes 64 undergraduate degrees, 44 dual degrees, 6 English-medium degrees, 6 university degrees on-line, 18 diplomas, and 8 engineering degrees, as well as

884-521: The Paleolithic . Evidence of that fact are sites in which there are flint gravel and arrow tips. Some traces of presence of Roman civilisation occur in the current municipality, specifically of the late period. They mainly consist of ceramic remains. There is no evidence of a town in the current Móstoles during the Islamic rule era in Iberian Peninsula. However, there are some remains of this era in

936-622: The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of the Community of Madrid , belonging to the so-called " red belt " of the region. Only during 2003-2015 and again since 2023 the city has been ruled by the People's Party of the Community of Madrid . Agriculture and animal husbandry are hardly performed in the municipality. Only a 0.2% of the GDP was collected from these activities in 2019. Mining, and industry activities equal 9.14% of that economic phenomenon in

988-522: The art and crafts , especially Hispano-Moresque lustreware that was once widely exported across Europe from southern and eastern Spain at the time. The term Mudejar art was coined by the art historian José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano in reference to the Mudéjars , who played a leading role in introducing Islamic derived decorative elements into the Iberian Christian kingdoms. The Mudéjars were

1040-449: The horseshoe and multi-lobed arch, muqarna vaults, alfiz (molding around an arch), wooden roofing, fired bricks, glazed ceramic tiles, and ornamental stucco work. Mudejar plasterwork, sometimes called Yeseria , includes all the Islamic motifs, such as epigraphic, “atauriques,” or arabesque ornament, and geometrical motifs, although motifs of Christian art are also included, such as Gothic vegetables and shields, they are depicted in

1092-478: The late 15th century and the early-to-mid 16th century . The Mudéjar decorative elements were developed in Iberia specially in the context of historic architecture. There was a revival in the late-19th and the early-20th-century Spain and Portugal as Neo-Mudéjar style. Mudéjar was originally the term used for Muslims of Al-Andalus who remained after the Christian reconquest of Muslim controlled territories in

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1144-481: The 16th century, imported Mudéjar art decorated tiles from Seville appear in churches and palaces, such as the Royal Palace of Sintra. Christian builders and craftsmen carried Mudéjar style elements to the overseas territories of the Spanish empire, especially in the 16th century, complementing Renaissance architecture before the emergence of Baroque. The Mudéjar "style" in architecture is most accurately described as

1196-511: The 2003 Japan Prize in Science and Technology, was awarded an honorary doctorate from King Juan Carlos University. Prof. Yorke is known worldwide for the definition of the mathematical term " chaos " in 1975. Rodrigo Rato , former managing director of the IMF and Spanish Deputy Prime Minister, previously held an honorary doctorate from King Juan Carlos University, which was not immediately canceled when he

1248-459: The Christian architectural practices of the different regions in the Christian kingdoms differed greatly, but all come under the general umbrella term of Mudejar art . Mudejar style in architecture refers to the application of decorative Islamic art styled motifs and patterning to Christian styles of architecture. It is thought to have begun with Muslim craftsmen who applied traditional constructive, ornamental, and decorative elements derived from

1300-580: The Islamic arts to Christian styles of architecture. These methods became part of local Christian building traditions and were applied to Romanesque , Gothic , and Renaissance architectural styles in the expanding Christian kingdoms of Iberia. These decorative techniques included calligraphy, intricate geometry, and vegetal forms derived from Islamic art and architecture. Mudejar constructive systems were very simple and extremely effective. The materials used included brick, along with other artificial stone materials, and wood, which were not only entrusted with

1352-616: The Kingdom of León: notable examples can be found in Toledo , Ávila , Segovia , Toro , Cuéllar , Arévalo and Madrigal de las Altas Torres . Later, Mudéjar was spread into southern Spain by the Kingdom of Castile . A particularly fine example of Mudéjar Renaissance is the Casa de Pilatos , built in the early 16th century at Seville . Seville includes many other examples of Mudéjar art. The Alcázar of Seville

1404-577: The Muslims who remained in the former areas of Al-Andalus after the Christian Reconquista in the Middle Ages and were allowed to practice their religion to a limited degree. Mudéjar art is valuable in that it represents peaceful co-existence between Muslims and Christians during the medieval era, although all Muslims and Jews in Spain eventually were forced to convert to Christianity or exiled between

1456-427: The appearance of gold and other precious metals. Similarly to tile and stucco work, ceramic motifs included vegetal patterns, in addition to figurative motifs, calligraphy, and geometric patterns and images. There are also Christian influences in the imagery, such as boats, fern leaves, hearts, and castles. Mudéjar art has had modern revivals, the most important in Spain and Portugal being Neo-Mudéjar that appeared in

1508-568: The church exemplifying the transculturation found in Spanish architecture. Some other notable examples of Mudejar design in Hispanic America are: Mudejar artisans brought into the Christian kingdoms the elaborate geometric designs found in tilework , brickwork , wood carving , plasterwork , ceramics, and ornamental metals of Al-Andalus. Objects, as well as ceilings and walls, were often decorated with rich and complicated designs, as Mudéjar artists were not only interested in relaying wonder,

1560-419: The east; Versalles, which is located in the southeast; La Barra and Manuela Malasaña, which occur in the south; Las Cumbres and Coveta, which are located in the west; and El Soto, which occurs in the northwest. The administrative division of the municipality are the disctrits and there are 5, which are: Mayors Thorough most of its modern democratic history, the municipality of Móstoles has been ruled by

1612-456: The first foreigner to receive an honorary doctorate degree from the university along with Jaime Gil Aluja, José Antonio Pastor Ridruejo and Fernando Sánchez Calero. In 2011, honorary doctorates were awarded to Harald zur Hausen , Ramón Tamames and Peter Waldmann. In 2014 James A. Yorke , distinguished University Professor of Mathematics and Physics at the University of Maryland and recipient of

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1664-452: The following public announcement ( bando ) signed by the Mayor: "The homeland is in danger. Madrid is perishing, victim of the French perfidiousness. Spaniards, turn to save her". The municipality experienced a slow and steady population growth during the first half of the 20th century, followed by a huge demographic expansion from the 1960s onwards. There are two main localities: Móstoles, which

1716-572: The gothic Manueline style in Portugal, which was very lavish and ornate. Portuguese use of Mudéjar art developed particularly in the 15th and 16th centuries, and structures such as the Palace of the Counts of Basto and the Royal Palace feature characteristic wooden Mudéjar roofs that are also to be found in some churches in towns such as Sintra and Lisbon . Since trade was an essential part of Portugal's culture in

1768-648: The last Muslim stronghold in the peninsula, the Granada , fell to the Christian Castile in 1492, Muslims were forced to choose between becoming Christians or to leave, first in Castile and soon after in Aragon . Those who chose to convert and stay were called Moriscos , and were often suspected of secretly practicing Islam, and were finally expelled from Spain after 1609. What allowed Mudejar culture to survive and flourish in

1820-399: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. It combined modern architecture and materials, including cast iron and glass with Mudéjar art styled arches, tiling, and brickwork. Some Spanish architectural firms have turned their attention to building projects in the modern Arabic-speaking world, specifically Morocco , Algeria , and Eastern Arabia , where Mudéjar art influences are commissioned as

1872-653: The later Middle Ages but were not initially converted to Christianity or exiled. It was a medieval Castilian borrowing of the Arabic word Mudajjan مدجن , meaning "tamed", referring to Muslims who submitted to the rule of Christian kings. The term likely originated as a taunt, as the word was usually applied to domesticated animals such as poultry. The term Mudéjar can also be translated from Arabic as "one permitted to remain", which references Christians allowing Muslims to remain in Christian Iberia. The concept "arte mudéjar"

1924-413: The medieval Christian kingdoms depended upon whether the capture by Christians was accomplished through negotiated surrender or military defeat, the ratio of Muslim to Christian populations, the competing interests of the monarchy and the papacy, and economic exigencies. With a balance of these things, Mudejar art was born. As a result of this local variation, the Islamic influences that were absorbed into

1976-478: The mixing of lead and tin for an opaque, shiny white glaze, and mixtures of metal oxides were applied to the glazed and fired surfaces to create lustre decoration. This technique was carried on from the Nasrid period. Typically, artisans would apply a layer of opaque white glaze before the colors. On top of the white, cobalt blue, green copper, and purple manganese oxides were used to make vibrant, shimmering surfaces with

2028-624: The municipality. A centre for vocational education (CIFP) can also be found in Móstoles. The campus includes the Higher School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, where people can choose among 13 degrees and 8 double degrees; the Higher Technical school of Computer Engineering, which includes 6 degrees and 6 double degrees; and the Faculty of social and legal sciences, where there are 9 degrees and 7 double degrees. An adult education centre and

2080-482: The north-eastern Christian Kingdom of Aragon in the 12th century and includes more than a hundred surviving examples, located predominantly in the valleys of the Ebro , Jalón and Jiloca . Its first manifestations have two origins: on the one hand, a palatial architecture linked to the Christian monarchy, which amended and extended the originally Moorish Aljafería Palace and maintained an Islamic ornamental tradition, and on

2132-575: The northeast end; Prado Regordoño and Polígono Industrial la, in the east end; and Arroyomolinos, in the southern half. The municipality is home to a centro de salud in Parque Coimbra (primary care centre), 8 centros de salud in the main city, and two hospitals in the main locality. Besides the university campus there are 34 public early childhood and primary education centres (CEIP) and 17 public secondary education centres (IES). 4 concertados (semiprivate or quasiprivate) centres are also located in

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2184-527: The one hundredth anniversary of the Dos de Mayo uprising. Móstoles is the home of the Community of Madrid's modern art gallery, the Centro de Arte Dos de Mayo (CA2M). It was opened in 2008 to mark the two hundredth anniversary of the Dos de Mayo uprising. The residence of Andrés Torrejón was rehabilitated by the city council and turned into a museum. Móstoles is connected to other suburbs and to central Madrid by: There

2236-678: The other hand, a tradition that developed Romanesque architecture using brickwork rather than stone construction and which often displays Hispanic ornamental tracery. Examples of the latter type of Mudéjar elements can be seen in churches in Daroca , which were started in stone and finished off in the 13th century with Mudéjar brick panels. Portugal commissioned fewer Mudéjar decorated buildings, which generally incorporated simpler Mudéjar elements. The Church of Castro de Avelãs in Braganza features classic Mudéjar art brick work. Mudéjar also tended to be applied to

2288-429: The re-establishment of Christian rule throughout the formerly Muslim controlled areas of Iberia came the different Mudéjar construction methods for creating a building using inexpensive materials like brick, wood, and stucco. It is generally accepted by scholars that Mudéjar art in architecture first appeared in the northern town of Sahagún in the 12th century Christian Kingdom of León . Mudéjar spread to other parts of

2340-598: The rhythm of Islamic tradition, which plays an important role in chromatics. Mudéjar often makes use of girih geometric strapwork decoration, as used in Middle East architecture, where Maghreb buildings tended to use vegetal arabesques . Scholars have sometimes considered the geometric forms, both girih and the complex vaultings of muqarnas , as innovative, and arabesques as retardataire, but in Al-Andalus, both geometric and vegetal forms were freely used and combined. With

2392-462: The same year. Building activities made the 8.63% of the money related to that economic measure. 11.9% of the registers of working people to an organism of the Welfare System in Spain named Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social , were due to posts in this sector. The industrial estates in the municipality are Polígono Industrial El Lucero, in the northeast end; Polígono Industrial Los Rosales, in

2444-545: The territory. It was founded most probably circa 1085–1137, after the Christian conquest of the Kingdom of Toledo (1085) as it was not mentioned in the chronicles compiling the villages seized in the conquest. Written mentions to the village in the Middle Ages, since its foundation up to the late-15th century are limited. By the beginning of the 16th century, it was part of the Land of Toledo . On 6 December 1565, Philip II issued

2496-410: The tiles to be laid closer together with less grout, making the compositions more intricate and cohesive. Ceramics had been a sophisticated art form during the period of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula and Mudéjar style ceramics were built on the techniques developed in the previous centuries of Islamic art. Pottery centers all over Spain - e.g. Paterna , Toledo , Seville - focused on making

2548-408: The town council, the neighbourhoods are El Soto, Villaeuropa, Pinares Llanos, Azorín, San Fernando and Soto Vicente. All are located in the south or west. According to Comunidad de Madrid, the neighbourhoods are Los Rosales and Estoril II, which are placed in the north; Móstoles Central and Estoril, which are located in the northwest; Pradillo, which occurs in the centre; Villafontana, which is placed in

2600-469: The underside of the supporting arches, which are carved with a vegetable motif based on the arabesque . San Miguel is a direct inheritor of the Mudéjar and tradition of the expansion and multiplication of an initial pattern. Around the octagonal dome, there are more wooden ceiling panels carved with the same pattern as the church's ceiling. Additionally, the white stucco walls demonstrate the Baroque influence on

2652-517: Was coined and defined by the Spanish art historian José Amador de los Ríos y Serrano in his induction discourse El estilo mudéjar, en arquitectura at the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in 1859. The Muslims living in the medieval Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula , called Mudejars , were tolerated and could practice their religion with certain restrictions. However, soon after

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2704-664: Was later sentenced to 4½ years' imprisonment for bank fraud in his role as chairman of bank Bankia . Mud%C3%A9jar art Mudéjar art , or Mudéjar style , was a type of ornamentation and decoration used in the Iberian Christian kingdoms, primarily between the 13th and 16th centuries. It was applied to Romanesque , Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles as constructive, ornamental and decorative motifs derived from those that had been brought to or developed in Al-Andalus . These motifs and techniques were also present in

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