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18-465: Introduced by the Finance Act of 23 July 1893, its implementing decree dated 6 March 1894 lists the military operations carried out by France in its colonies or protectorates (Algeria - Cochin - Gold Coast - Marquesas Islands - Nossi- Bé - New Caledonia - Senegal and Sudan - Society Islands - Tunisia). The scope of the decree was therefore a broad retroactive effect, since the first operations considered for

36-722: Is formed of two truncated cones. For a very short period Hinged clips are rounded instead of being indented. There were many contemporary manufacturers. Campaign clasps which could be attached to medals awarded for service in overseas or colonial possessions include: With campaign clasp, if applicable. Capitaine de fr%C3%A9gate The rank insignia of the French Navy ( French : Marine Nationale ) are worn on shoulder straps of shirts and white jackets, and on sleeves for navy jackets and mantels. Until 2005, only commissioned officers had an anchor on their insignia, but enlisted personnel are now receiving them as well. Although

54-474: The Eighth Crusade . At the time, it was equivalent to the office of Constable of France . The Admiral was responsible for defending the coasts of Picardy , Normandy , Aunis , and Saintonge . In times of war, it was his responsibility to assemble French merchant ships into a navy. He had to arm, equip, and supply the ships for the course of the war, and give letters of marque to corsairs . In peacetime, he

72-514: The Decree of 1894 establishes the design of the medal. The it is 30mm diameter in silver. On the obverse there is the helmeted effigy of the Republic with "République française" engraved above. On the reverse, a world map occupies the central field, resting on an anchor across a trophy of arms . The ribbon, is white and blue with vertical stripes. Its length can vary this from 35 to 37 mm. The design of

90-753: The Levant for Provence , the Admiral of Brittany , and the Admiral of the West for Guyenne ), and because of the creation of the General of the Galleys and the Secretary of State for the Navy. The title, like the title of Constable, had much more political importance (which would eventually lead to the suppression of both titles). It was also a lucrative position: the admiral was allocated a part of

108-466: The Navy and War . The ribbon, the skewer assembly and assembly were also part of the supply. The two departments then presented the medals to the recipients, with some delay as they were not always immediately available. The monopoly of the Paris Mint and the sluggishness of its administration thus created a boom for the private market, forcing the administration to allow the manufacture in "parallel" under

126-586: The award of the Medal colonial dating back to 1827, at the very beginning of the conquest of Algeria. Since then, numerous other regulations were made which amend or supplement the award of this medal. The most recent include the decree of June 6, 1962 which transformed the Médaille Coloniale to Médaille d'Outre-Mer . The colonial medal is closely linked to the existence of the French colonial empire . Article 4 of

144-426: The coast of France. These tribunals judged cases dealing with fishing disputes and any crimes committed in the country's ports. The Admiralty was suppressed in 1627 by Cardinal Richelieu , who had been named to the newly created post of Grand Master of Navigation and who wanted to bring all naval authority under one position. The position was recreated in 1669, but was now only an honorific title. The first new admiral

162-632: The dignity of Marshal of France , the rank of Admiral of France remains theoretical in the Fifth Republic ; it was last granted in 1869, during the Second Empire , but retained during the Third Republic until the death of its bearer in 1873. The title of Amiral de la Flotte was created so that Darlan would not have an inferior rank to that of his counterpart in the British Royal Navy , who

180-572: The fines and confiscations imposed by the admiralty, and he had a right to unclaimed ships and shipwrecks as well as a tenth of the spoils taken in battle. He also had juridical rights, comparable to those exercised by the constable and the marshal. This was known as the Table de marbre , after the seat of the admiralty in Paris . A second headquarters of the admiralty was established at Rouen , and about 50 other headquarters were set up at various other places around

198-399: The medal is attributed to Capitaine de frégate Saulnier Pinellas, because the original award was for sailors. Its production had the distinction of being performed by the administration of the Paris Mint and a private company that was responsible for manufacturing the socket of the pendant ring leaves and clasps crimping indentations. The sets were to be delivered complete to the ministries of

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216-564: The names of the ranks for superior officers contain the word "Capitaine" ( Capitaine de corvette , Capitaine de frégate and Capitaine de vaisseau ), the appropriate style to address them is " Commandant ", " Capitaine " referring to "lieutenant de vaisseau", which is translated as lieutenant. The two highest ranks, Vice-amiral d'escadre and Amiral ( Admiral ), are functions, rather than ranks. They are assumed by officers ranking Vice-amiral ( Vice-Admiral ). The rank of Vice-Admiral of France ( French : Vice-Amiral )

234-528: The navy but have a special status, wear a uniform and officer straps with rank insignia replaced with the words " Peintre officiel ". Admiral of France Admiral of France ( French : Amiral de France ) is a French title of honour . It is the naval equivalent of Marshal of France and was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France . The title was created in 1270 by Louis IX of France , during

252-508: The set forth specifications. Nevertheless, some marginal versions appeared. In 1913, the Monnaie de Paris decided to fully bear the manufacture of the Colonial Medal. The second type sees its official medal redrawn and engraved by G. Lindauer. The engraving of Georges Lemaire is recessed so that the first official type, it was relief. The foliage becomes single-sided pendant ring and the sleeve

270-404: Was Louis, Count of Vermandois , who at the time was only 2 years old. Thereafter, only Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse involved himself in maritime affairs. It was suppressed once more in 1791, restored in 1805 in the person of Marshal of France Joachim Murat . Currently, the most recent Admiral of France was François Thomas Tréhouart , in 1869. This dignity remains fully valid today as

288-613: Was an Admiral of the Fleet . The insignia below depict the configuration on shoulder boards. Shoulder straps are slightly different, notably without the golden frame for general officers. Personnel with a particular attribution may wear distinctive features on their rank insignia. For instance, medical officers bear two red stripes on their insignia. Similarly, the Ingénieur des études et techniques de travaux maritimes wear pearl-grey stripes. Peintres de la Marine , who are not employed by

306-639: Was formerly designated as Lieutenant-General of the Naval Armies until 1791, such as in the Levant Fleet and Flotte du Ponant of the Ancien Régime. Major of the French Navy has a similar history to that of the former Lieutenant-General of the Naval Armies. The only Amiral de la Flotte ( Admiral of the Fleet ) was François Darlan after he was refused the dignity of Admiral of France . Equivalent to

324-429: Was responsible for the maintenance of the royal fleet (when one existed). He was also responsible for maritime commerce and the merchant fleet. During the modern era, few admirals were sailors; moreover, with the exception of Claude d'Annebault , none of them actually commanded the fleet. It must be said that the actual power of the admiral was rather small, partly because of the creation of other admirals (the Admiral of

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