Misplaced Pages

#455544

45-509: It is home to the first monastery of the Congregation of Sisters of Merciful Jesus and a sanctuary of the Divine Mercy . The city's official webpage mentions a settlement inhabited by a pre-Slavic population from Lusatian culture on the shores of the lake (Polish: Jezioro Myśliborskie; German: Soldiner See) in the 7th century, which later turned into a West Slavic or Lechitic fortress in

90-501: A fight by the Red Army on 31 January 1945. After a Soviet soldier attempting to rape a local woman was shot and killed by her husband on 3 February, the Soviets rounded up 160 civilians from the town, mostly teenaged boys and elderly men, and murdered 120 of them in a nearby quarry four days later. After the discovery of the mass grave of the victims in 1995, a memorial commemorating the victims

135-534: A provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee ( Provinzialausschuss ), and a head of province, the Landesdirektor ("Land Director"). From 1822 the province of Brandenburg was divided into two Regierungsbezirke (governorates): Frankfurt and Potsdam  [ de ] . Between 1816 and 1822 there was a third governorate – the Governorate of Berlin  [ de ] – comprising

180-559: A separate virtue, but is an essential condition of the virtue of hope, and an integral part of the virtues of fortitude and generosity. Because trust springs from faith, it strengthens hope and love, and is, moreover, linked up, in one way or another, with the moral virtues. It may, therefore, be called the basis on which the theological virtues unite with the moral. The moral virtues, originally natural, become supernatural if we practice them with trust in God’s help. Sopoćko's case for beatification

225-470: Is a great soul, entirely filled with God." Since 1931 Kowalska had been trying (without success) to find someone to paint the Divine Mercy image until Sopoćko became her confessor in the middle of 1933. By January 1934, Sopoćko arranged for the artist Eugeniusz Kazimirowski (who was also a professor at the university) to paint the image. On Friday 26 April 1935 Sopoćko delivered the first sermon ever on

270-567: The Junker nobility, similar to the eastern Prussian provinces of Silesia and Pomerania. The conditions in the countryside remained largely untouched, even during the Revolutions of 1848 that led to violent fights in the streets of Berlin. The large estates had to deal with low soil quality and—except for brown coal occurrences in Lower Lusatia—the lack of natural resources. The provincial life

315-1128: The Machtergreifung on 30 January 1933, the Nazi Gauleiter Wilhelm Kube held the office of the Oberpräsident , succeeded by Emil Stürtz in 1936. Due to its location in the vicinity of the German capital, Brandenburg was a centre of the Nazi terror regime, with concentration camps like Sachsenhausen and Ravensbrück and Nazi residences like Karinhall . Under the Nazi government , repressions of Poles intensified. From early 1939, Germany resumed expulsions of Poles , increased censorship of Polish newspapers, conducted invigilation, arrests and assassinations of Polish leaders, activists, teachers and entrepreneurs, closed various Polish organizations, enterprises and libraries and seized their files and funds. Some Polish activists fled German arrest or conscription to

360-617: The German Empire in 1871. From 1918, Brandenburg was a province of the Free State of Prussia until Prussia was dissolved in 1945 after World War II , and replaced with reduced territory as the State of Brandenburg in East Germany , which was later dissolved in 1952. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, Brandenburg was re-established as a federal state of Germany , becoming one of

405-457: The German Empire , and on 1 April 1881 was made an autonomous city district ( Stadtkreis Berlin ) without, however, completely leaving the province. On 1 October 1920, Berlin was finally separated from the Province of Brandenburg. In contrast, the rural outer regions, though serfdom had been officially abolished by the 1807 Prussian reforms , was still characterised by large–scale land holding of

450-687: The Golden Bull of 1356 confirmed the electoral dignity of the Brandenburg margraves and in 1373 assigned the electorate to his son Wenceslaus in 1373. The Elector of Brandenburg held the seventh rank among the electors of the Empire and had five votes in the Council of Princes. In 1415 Brandenburg was acquired by Burgrave Frederick of Nuremberg , the first member of the Swabian House of Hohenzollern to rule

495-517: The Greater Berlin Act expanded the borders of Berlin, incorporating numerous surrounding districts and towns from Brandenburg to form Greater Berlin ( Groß-Berlin ) with a population of about 2,000,000, including the former town of Charlottenburg, the seat of Brandenburg's provincial government. The Great Depression helped the Nazi Party to establish itself as an important political power. After

SECTION 10

#1732868665456

540-1025: The Luxembourg dynasty . In 1402, the Luxembourgs reached an agreement with Poland in Kraków . Poland was to buy and re-incorporate the region, but eventually the Luxembourgs sold it to the Teutonic Order . During the Polish–Teutonic War , in 1433 the town was destroyed by the Hussites . In 1455 the Teutonic Knights sold the town to the Margraviate of Brandenburg , now under the rule of the House of Hohenzollern , in order to raise funds for another war with Poland . Elector Frederick Irontooth had Brandenburg's suzerainty over

585-577: The Parliament of Poland , Bronislaw Komorowski . Province of Brandenburg The Province of Brandenburg ( German : Provinz Brandenburg ) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1947. Brandenburg was established in 1815 from the Kingdom of Prussia 's core territory, comprised the bulk of the historic Margraviate of Brandenburg (excluding Altmark ) and the Lower Lusatia region, and became part of

630-455: The imprimatur of Archbishop Jałbrzykowski for it. The brochure carried the Divine Mercy image on the cover. In 1942 during World War II , Sopoćko and other professors and students had to go into hiding near Vilnius for about two years. However, he used the time to establish a new religious congregation, based on the Divine Mercy messages reported by Kowalska. After the war, Sopoćko wrote

675-701: The new states . Brandenburg's provincial capital alternated between Potsdam , Berlin , and Charlottenburg during its existence. The province comprised large parts of the North German Plain , stretching from the Elbe river in the west to beyond the Oder in the east, where the Neumark region bordered on the Prussian Grand Duchy of Posen ( Province of Posen from 1848). Other neighbouring provinces were Pomerania in

720-644: The seminary in Białystok . Meanwhile, he wrote a book Miłosierdzie Boga w dziełach Jego ( Mercy of God in His works ) in four volumes. He died on 15 February 1975 in Białystok , Poland , and was buried there. In 1988, his remains were transferred to the Divine Mercy Sanctuary in Białostoczek . The decisive factor in obtaining God’s Mercy is trust. Trust is the expectation of someone’s help. It does not constitute

765-507: The 10th and 11th centuries; the area was incorporated into Poland by the Piast duke Mieszko I by the end of the 10th century. According to the city's webpage, the town site was a fishing settlement called Sołtyń , located on a trading route between Silesia and Greater Poland towards the Oder delta. It is from this fishing settlement that the later German name of the town comes: Soldin . The site

810-463: The Divine Mercy devotion and censured Sopoćko. In 1965 Karol Wojtyła , then Archbishop of Kraków and later Pope John Paul II, opened a new investigation and submitted documents in 1968, which resulted in the reversal of the ban in 1978. After the Second World War , when the boundaries of Poland had changed so much, Sopoćko left Vilnius. Until 1962, he had been a professor of pastoral theology at

855-634: The Divine Mercy – and Kowalska attended the sermon. The first Mass during which the Divine Mercy image was displayed was on 28 April 1935, the Divine Mercy Sunday (the first after Easter). Sopoćko managed to obtain permission to place the painting within the Gate of Dawn in Vilnius as he celebrated the Mass that Sunday. In the summer of 1936, Sopoćko wrote the first brochure on the Divine Mercy devotion and obtained

900-819: The German army to Poland. During the German invasion of Poland , which started World War II in September 1939, persecution further intensified with mass arrests of Polish leaders, activists, editors, entrepreneurs, etc., who were deported to concentration camps , expulsions and closure of remaining Polish organizations, schools and enterprises. During the war, Germany operated several prisoner-of-war camps , including Stalag III-A , Stalag III-B, Stalag III-C , Stalag III-D , Oflag II-A , Oflag III-A, Oflag III-B, Oflag III-C , Oflag 8 and Oflag 80 for Polish , Belgian, British, Dutch, French , Serbian, Italian , American, Czechoslovak, Soviet , Romanian, Greek, Bulgarian and other Allied POWs with numerous forced labour subcamps in

945-734: The Germanic Suebi . During the Migration Period , they were succeeded by the Polabian Slavs , whose fortress at Brandenburg an der Havel was conquered by the German king Henry the Fowler in 928/29. Henry subdued the Slavic tribes up to the Oder river and his son Otto I established the marca Geronis on their territory, with the government first conferred to the Saxon count Gero . The Northern March

SECTION 20

#1732868665456

990-588: The Prussian Province of Brandenburg . In the 19th century, Soldin was largely bypassed by the industrial revolution, and was not served by rail until 1888. Electrification came in 1898, and a municipal water system only in 1912. In the nearby forest, the Lituanica plane crash occurred on 17 July 1933. By the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, Soldin had 6,284 inhabitants. The city was captured without

1035-508: The area formalized in the 1466 Treaty of Soldin with the Pomeranian dukes (see below). In 1473 the town was briefly captured by Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania . In the 16th century, Margrave Johann of Brandenburg-Küstrin converted the Neumark to Protestantism , seceded from Brandenburg and transferred his court from Soldin to Küstrin (now Kostrzyn nad Odrą, Poland). The Dominican monastery

1080-457: The centre together with the growing suburbs of Spandau , Charlottenburg , Schöneberg and Neukölln . Larger towns were the royal residence Potsdam and the regional capital Frankfurt (Oder) , furthermore Landsberg (present-day Gorzów Wielkopolski) in the east, the historic capital Brandenburg an der Havel as well as Cottbus , Forst and Guben ( Gubin ) in Lower Lusatia . The first people who are known to have inhabited Brandenburg were

1125-555: The constitution for the congregation and helped the formation of what is now the Congregation of the Sisters of Merciful Jesus. In an entry in her diary on 8 February 1935, (Notebook I, item 378), Kowalska had written that the Divine Mercy devotion would be suppressed for some time after her death but then be accepted again although Sopoćko would suffer for it. In 1959, the Vatican forbade

1170-731: The kingdom's administration was divided into ten provinces. Most of the Margraviate's territory was incorporated into the new Province of Brandenburg, most notably the Mittelmark between the rivers Elbe and Oder and the Neumark region east of the Oder River. However, the Altmark on the western bank of the Elbe was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Saxony. The Province of Brandenburg also encompassed

1215-672: The margraviate. Over the centuries, the Hohenzollerns gradually rose to one of the most important dynasties of the Empire, rivalling with the ruling House of Habsburg , a process that intensified with the Protestant Reformation and the inheritance of the Polish Duchy of Prussia in 1618. The margraviate formed the core of the Brandenburg-Prussian state and the "Great Elector" Frederick William I made various accessions to

1260-452: The northeast, Silesia in the southeast, and Prussian Saxony in the southwest. Brandenburg also shared a common border with the grand duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz in the northwest as well as with Anhalt in the west. Beside the Elbe and Oder river areas, the province covered large parts of the Spree and Havel basin. The largest cities were Berlin , located in

1305-529: The other states of Eastern Germany, in 1952 was dissolved and divided into administrative districts. Brandenburg's territory roughly corresponded with the districts of Potsdam, Frankfurt/Oder and Cottbus. In 1990, following German reunification , Brandenburg was re-established as a state of the Federal Republic of Germany . The Prussian central government appointed for every province an Oberpräsident ("Upper President") carrying out central prerogatives on

1350-618: The province. In early 1945, the death marches of prisoners of various nationalities from various dissolved camps passed through the region. In the late days of World War II it was the site of the bloody encounters of the Seelow Heights , at Halbe and finally the Battle of Berlin , won by the Soviet and Polish armies. In 1945, after the war, the Neumark territory east of the Oder–Neisse line

1395-415: The provincial level and supervising the implementation of central policy on the lower levels of administration. Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule within the provinces, the urban and rural districts ( Kreise ) elected representatives for the provincial Landtage diets. These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provinces. The provincial diet of Brandenburg elected

Myślibórz - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-598: The southeast (Neumark and Lower Lusatia). The provincial government was at first situated at the Potsdam royal residence. In 1827, it moved to Berlin, returned to Potsdam in 1843 and in 1918 finally settled in Charlottenburg . The Prussian capital Berlin originally formed part of the Province, but in the course of the Industrial Revolution from the 1830s onwards quickly developed to a metropolis , from 1871 as capital of

1485-472: The territory of Lower Lusatia (where Cottbus had been a Brandenburgian exclave since the 15th century) as well as the area around Belzig and Jüterbog , all annexed from the Kingdom of Saxony for her alliance with Napoleon . The Province headed by an Oberpräsident was subdivided into two governorates ( Regierungsbezirke ) named after their respective capitals, Potsdam in the northwest (Mittelmark, Prignitz and Uckermark ) and Frankfurt (Oder) in

1530-569: The territory, the Treaty of Königsberg of 1656 marking a significant turn in its evolution. By the 1657 Treaty of Wehlau , Frederick William reached full sovereignty in his Prussian territories, which enabled his son Frederick I to assume the crown of a " King in Prussia " in 1701. The margraviate remained a constituent part of Prussia, until after the Napoleonic Wars and the 1815 Congress of Vienna

1575-618: The town was the site of two important treaties: The Treaty of Soldin (1309) between the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Teutonic Order State , and the Treaty of Soldin (1466) between the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Pomerania . Myślibórz is twinned with: Congregation of Sisters of Merciful Jesus Michael Sopoćko ( Polish : Michał Sopoćko [ˈmixaw sɔˈpɔt͡ɕkɔ] ; 1 November 1888 – 15 February 1975)

1620-525: Was a Polish Catholic priest and professor at Vilnius University . He is best known as the spiritual director of Faustina Kowalska . He was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI in 2008. Sopoćko was born to Polish parents in 1888 in Juszewszczyzna (also known as Nowosady) near Valozhyn within the Russian Empire , now Belarus . He entered Vilnius Priest Seminary in 1910 and was ordained in 1914. He

1665-462: Was a priest in Vilnius (1914–1918) and then a chaplain in the army in Warsaw and Vilnius during World War I . After obtaining his doctorate in theology in 1926, he became the spiritual director at the seminary in Vilnius and, in 1928, professor of pastoral theology at Stefan Batory University , in Vilnius. Sopoćko was very supportive of the Divine Mercy devotion of Faustina Kowalska and in her diary (Notebook V, item 1238) she stated: "This priest

1710-435: Was acquired as a rest house by the Dominican Order in 1234, while the fort was granted to the Knights Templar by Duke Władysław Odonic and finally sold to the Ascanian margraves Johann I and Otto III of Brandenburg in 1261. Together with the nearby castellany of Santok , the former Greater Polish lands were incorporated into the Brandenburgian Neumark ("New March"; Polish : Nowa Marchia ) territory. The town

1755-455: Was ceded to the Republic of Poland to form the Zielona Gora Voivodeship (initially part of Poznan Voivodeship between 1945 and 1950, became Lubusz Voivodeship in 1998 after merging with Gorzów Voivodeship ). The remaining territory became part of the Soviet occupation zone and was transformed into the state of Brandenburg , with Potsdam becoming state capital. In 1949, the state of Brandenburg became part of East Germany and, along with

1800-427: Was dissolved. Soldin suffered heavy damage in the Thirty Years War , when it was overrun by the Imperial army under Albrecht von Wallenstein marching against King Christian IV of Denmark . It began to recover only in the 18th century as a garrison town of the Kingdom of Prussia under Frederick the Great . When the German Empire was formed in 1871, Soldin was the capital of a rural district ( Landkreis ) within

1845-488: Was erected. With the end of the war in 1945, the partly depopulated area was transferred to Poland under border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference . The surviving German population of Soldin was forcibly expelled and the town, renamed Myślibórz, was gradually repopulated by Polish settlers. It was a powiat centre initially in Szczecin Voivodeship (1945-1975), then in Gorzów one (1975-1998), finally in West Pomeranian one since 31 December 1998. Historically,

Myślibórz - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-436: Was first mentioned as Soldin in a 1270 deed and quickly became the administrative centre of the region, a Dominican monastery was founded there in 1275. However, in the first half of the 14th century Soldin declined due to famine and political strife of the Ascanian dynasty, in the course of which the Soldin Castle was destroyed. In 1373 the New March became part of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (or Czech Lands ), ruled by

1935-405: Was perpetuated in the novels by Theodor Fontane and especially in his 1862–89 descriptive work Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg . After World War I and the resolutions of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles , the Province of Brandenburg shifted to the eastern edge of the German Weimar Republic , sharing a 35 km (22 mi) long common border with the Second Polish Republic . In 1920,

1980-434: Was split off in 965, however, large parts were again lost in the Great Slav Rising of 983, and the margravial title did not become hereditary until the time of Albert the Bear , another Saxon count from the noble House of Ascania , who established the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157. His son Margrave Otto I already achieved the dignity of an Arch-Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Empire in 1177. Emperor Charles IV by

2025-403: Was started at the Vatican in 1987. In 2004, Pope John Paul II issued a decree on Sopoćko's virtues. In December 2007, Pope Benedict XVI approved of a miracle through his intercession. His solemn beatification took place on 28 September 2008 at the Sanctuary of Divine Mercy, in Białystok . An estimated 80,000 people attended, including the Polish president, Lech Kaczyński , and the speaker of

#455544