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19-611: It has been founded in 1953 as the Muzeum Regionalne w Bieczu (Biecz Regional Museum). In 2003 the museum was renamed to its current name. The museum has four main venues. Kromerówka is a museum dedicated to Marcin Kromer , in a Renaissance 16th century kamienica . Dom z Basztą (The House with a Tower) is another 16th-century kamienica, with an exhibit about old apothecary shop, and various crafts, trades and guilds. Baszta Kowalska (Smith's Tower) and Turma pod Wieżą Ratuszową (old prison) form

38-582: A bachelor at the Cracow Academy . In 1533–37 he worked at the Royal Chancellery in Kraków. Thereafter he went to Italy , where he studied law for two years. Returning to Poland in 1540, he became secretary to Archbishop Piotr Gamrat . As the latter's personal advisor, he was also his envoy and representative to Rome , where he spent two years until 1544. He then became a canon in Kraków. In 1545, upon

57-577: Is a historical town located within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , in northern Poland . It is the capital of Lidzbark County . Lidzbark Warmiński was once the capital of Warmia and formerly its largest town. Lidzbark itself was a religious and cultural center, for which it was known as the Pearl of Warmia . For a long period of time it was under the control of the Warmian Bishops and it

76-639: The Great Northern War . In the mid-18th century a manuscript of the Gesta principum Polonorum , the oldest medieval Polish chronicle was discovered in the castle by Prince-Bishop Adam Stanisław Grabowski , by whose decision it was then published in print for the first time. The town was annexed with the rest of the region by the Kingdom of Prussia in the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The town ceased to be

95-638: The Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . He was a personal secretary to two Kings of Poland , Sigismund I the Old and Sigismund II Augustus . Kromer was born in 1512 into a prominent burgher family of German descent in Biecz , in Lesser Poland . He completed his basic education in a local church-run school. In 1528 he transferred to Kraków , where in 1530 he graduated as

114-460: The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia in the province of Royal Prussia in the larger Greater Poland Province . Nicolaus Copernicus first visited the town at the turn of 1495 and 1496, and then lived at the castle from 1503. It is believed he wrote part of his De revolutionibus orbium coelestium there. In the winter of 1703–04 the town was the residence of King Charles XII of Sweden during

133-518: The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, and had converted to Lutheranism as the first state to do so. Marcin Kromer published his works in Latin and Polish. http://staropolska.pl/ang/renaissance/Kromer/kromer.php3 Lidzbark Warmi%C5%84ski Lidzbark Warmiński ( [ˈlʲid͡zbarɡ varˈmʲiɲskʲi] ; German : Heilsberg , [ˈhaɪlsbɛʁk] ), often shortened to Lidzbark ,

152-594: The Soviet Union . The main landmark of Lidzbark Warmiński is the Gothic Castle of Warmian Bishops with adjacent fortifications, towers and the Baroque Grabowski Palace. Other sights include: Colleges High schools Primary schools Music schools Kindergartens Other educational institutions The local football team is Polonia Lidzbark Warmiński  [ pl ] . It competes in

171-480: The age and was frequently required by the court to leave his post to serve as envoy on various diplomatic missions. In 1552, for his services to the King, he was ennobled and granted a coat of arms . From 1558 to 1564 Kromer served as Polish envoy to Emperor Ferdinand I , who in recognition of Kromer's services added his own family coat-of-arms to Kromer's. The latter's tasks included advocacy of King Sigismund's claims to

190-615: The capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia , which was disestablished, however it remained the seat of the last Prince-Bishop Ignacy Krasicki until 1795, and afterwards the town lost its cultural significance, which it has not regained since. In 1807 a battle took place near the town between the French under Joachim Murat and Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult and the Russians and Prussians under Levin August, count von Bennigsen . From 1933 to 1945 it

209-521: The death of his mentor, Kromer accepted the latter's post as personal secretary to Poland's King Sigismund I the Old . He was also an associate of Samuel Maciejowski , who later became Chancellor of the Crown. A specialist on Royal Prussia and Warmia , in 1551 Kromer became head of the Warmian canonry . However, his church career did not proceed as planned, since he was seen as one of the best Polish diplomats of

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228-483: The inheritance of the late Queen-Consort Bona Sforza , which was also claimed by the King of Spain, who, however, based his claims on a forged testament . In 1564 Kromer was recalled to Poland, where he was promoted within the church hierarchy and took the post of coadjutor ( de facto bishop) of the Bishopric of Warmia , to succeed on the demise of Prince-Bishop Stanislaus Hosius . After nine years at that post, Kromer

247-563: The remaining two exhibit venues. 49°43′50″N 21°14′53″E  /  49.7305°N 21.2480°E  / 49.7305; 21.2480 This article related to a museum in Poland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Marcin Kromer Marcin Kromer ( Latin : Martinus Cromerus ; 11 November 1512 – 23 March 1589) was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer , diplomat and historian in

266-620: The renowned universities in Central Europe . He also promoted the active defence of the Roman Catholic Church against the growing Reformation . Martin Kromer and Stanislaus Hosius (Stanisław Hozjusz) were the two bishops most instrumental in causing Royal Prussia's diocese of Warmia to return to or remain Catholic during a time of major conversions to Protestantism, especially in the neighboring Duchy of Prussia which almost surrounded

285-523: The seat for the Bishopric of Warmia , and remained the Prince-Bishop 's seat for 500 years. In 1309 the settlement received town privileges . In the 1350s the Castle of Warmian Bishops was built, and it was expanded in the following centuries, becoming one of the most significant and remarkable historic monuments of Warmia, which nowadays houses a museum and is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland. In 1440

304-596: The town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation , upon the request of which in 1454 Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland . This caused the Polish–Teutonic Thirteen Years' War , as a result of which in the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) the Teutonic Order ended its claim to the area and recognized it as part of Poland. It was the capital of

323-560: Was also a major economic center, only resigning its importance to the nearby city of Braniewo . The Warmian Bishop's Castle is considered to be a great artistic and historical value in the world and has been recognised as a Historic Monument by the Polish government. The town was originally a settlement of Old Prussians known as Lecbarg until being conquered in 1240 by the Teutonic Knights , who named it Heilsberg. In 1306 it became

342-571: Was officially promoted to Prince-Bishop . He spent the rest of his days in Warmia, keeping diaries and writing several books on the history of Poland. He died on 23 March 1589 in Heilsberg (Lidzbark Warmiński). In his works, Kromer advocated the reform of Poland's scientific and cultural life. One of his notable demands was providing the Cracow Academy with new privileges to restore its position as one of

361-591: Was the site of the large German government radio station Transmitter Heilsberg . The town was heavily damaged after its conquest by the Soviet Red Army during World War II in 1945. As part of territorial changes demanded by the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference , the town became once again part of Poland, and was gradually resettled by Poles , many of them from the parts of eastern Poland annexed by

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