81-546: The Muturi River is a river in West Papua province , Indonesia. The river flows in the West Papua province with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 21 °C. The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around 24 °C, and the coldest is January, at 19 °C. The average annual rainfall
162-707: A Duyfken expedition led by the commander Wiliam Jansen from Holland landed in Papua. This expedition consisted of 3 ships, where they sailed from the north coast of Java and stopped at the Kei Islands , at the southwestern coast of Papua. With the increasing Dutch grip in the region, the Spanish left New Guinea in 1663. In 1660, the Dutch recognized the Sultan of Tidore 's sovereignty over New Guinea . New Guinea thus became notionally Dutch as
243-481: A Samudra Pasai figure called Tuan Syekh Iskandar Syah was sent to Mesia (Kokas) to preach in Nuu War (Papua), he converted a Papuan called Kriskris by teaching him about Alif Lam Ha (Allah) and Mim Ha Mim Dal (Muhammad), he became Imam and first king of Patipi, Fakfak. Syekh Iskandar brought with him some religious texts, which were copied onto Koba-Koba leaves and wood barks. Syekh Iskandar would return to Aceh bringing
324-607: A West New Guinea country for fleeing Indo-Eurasians, they decided against including West New Guinea in United States of Indonesia. This is contrary to the local Papuan delegates in the event, Frans Kaisiepo who argued for the inclusion of West Papua with Indonesia. This is also the first time 'Irian' is proposed to describe the territory as suggested by Kaisiepo. Kaisiepo was then rejected to becoming Dutch New Guinea representatives during 1949 Round-Table Conference which resulted in United States of Indonesia independence and postponement of
405-654: A vassal of the Tidore Sultanate . The Tidore Sultanate adheres to the trade pact and custom of Uli-Siwa ( federation of nine ), so there were nine trade partners led by Tidore in opposition to Ternate-led Uli Lima ( federation of five ). In administering its regions in Papua, Tidore divide them to three regions, Korano Ngaruha ( lit. ' Four Kings ' ) or Raja Ampat Islands , Papoua Gam Sio ( lit. ' Papua The Nine Negeri ' ) and Mafor Soa Raha ( lit. ' Mafor The Four Soa ' ). The role of these kingdoms began to decline due to
486-507: Is 3835 mm. The wettest month is March, with an average of 385 mm rainfall, and the driest is October, with 173 mm rainfall. 2°09′28″S 133°43′26″E / 2.1579°S 133.7238°E / -2.1579; 133.7238 West Papua (province) West Papua ( Indonesian : Papua Barat ), formerly Irian Jaya Barat ( West Irian ), is an Indonesian province located in Indonesia Papua . It covers most of
567-605: Is also one of the mainstays of West Papua, such as the Cenderawasih Bay National Park located in Teluk Wondama Regency . This National Park stretches from the east of the Kwatisore Peninsula to the north of Rumberpon Island with a coastline of 500 km, the land area reaches 68,200 ha, sea area 1,385,300 ha with details of 80,000 ha of coral reefs and 12,400 ha of ocean. 57.26% of
648-665: Is an ongoing conflict in Western New Guinea between Indonesia and the Free Papua Movement (Indonesian: Organisasi Papua Merdeka, OPM). Subsequent to the withdrawal of the Dutch administration from the Netherlands New Guinea in 1962 and implementation of Indonesian administration in 1963, the Free Papua Movement has conducted a low-intensity guerrilla war against Indonesia through the targeting of its military, police, and civilian populations. The province of West Papua
729-524: Is called Sran Eman Muun which is based in Kaimana and its furthest influence extends to the Kei Islands , in southeastern Maluku. In his book Nieuw Guinea, Dutch author WC. Klein explained the beginning of the influence of the Bacan Sultanate in Papua. There he wrote: In 1569 Papoese hoof den bezoeken Batjan. Ee aanterijken worden vermeld (In 1569, Papuan tribal leaders visited Bacan , which resulted in
810-518: Is currently diminishing as the proportion of people who are more fluent in Standard Indonesian is increasing. William Marsden (orientalist) William Marsden FRS FSA (16 November 1754 – 6 October 1836) was an Irish orientalist , numismatist , and linguist who served as Second , then First Secretary to the Admiralty during years of conflict with France . Marsden
891-507: Is higher than the national economic growth . There are several theories regarding the origin of the word Papua. One theory is that the name comes from the word 'Papo-Ua', named by the Tidore Sultanate , which in the Tidore language means "not joining" or "not being united", meaning that the island had no king. Before the age of colonization, the Tidore Sultanate controlled some parts of
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#1732898347866972-417: Is in line with the general trend of provincial splits that is occurring in all parts of Indonesia in the post-Suharto era. The name of the province was changed to Papua Barat in 2007. The new name applies from that date, but a plenary session of the provincial legislative council is required to legalise the change of name, and the government needed to issue an implementing regulation. Since April 18, 2007
1053-622: Is mostly migrants from other parts of Indonesia, with the largest group of migrants from Sulawesi, such as Buginese , Makassarese , Minahasan , Torajan , Butonese , followed by Javanese , and Moluccans . Religion in West Papua (2022) The population of West Papua Province embraces different religions. Data in 2022 showed that the largest percentage of religious believers were Protestant Christians (54.17%), then Islam (36.74%), Catholic Christians (8.71%), Hinduism (0.19%), and Buddhism (0.19%). Islam had been present in Papua since
1134-510: Is now Papua and call it Dwi Panta or Samudrananta , which means 'at edge of the ocean'. The 14th-century Majapahit poem Nagarakretagama mentioned Wwanin or Onin and Sran as a recognized territory in the east, today identified as Onin peninsula in Fakfak Regency in the western part of the larger Bomberai Peninsula south of the Bird's Head region of Western New Guinea. At that time, Papua
1215-629: Is rich in karst areas. Many of these areas remain unexplored from a speleological point of view. Among the most important caves explored, there are the Lomo Longmot (360 metres deep) and Lomo Iono Besar (315 metres deep), respectively the second and fourth caves for depth in Indonesia. These caves were explored in the 1990s by a French speleology expedition team in the Lina Mountains region, Irameba Village, Anggi District, Manokwari Regency . Recently
1296-679: Is similar to Russia. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the Dutch remained in New Guinea until 1962 when they transferred the control of the region to the Indonesian government as a part of the New York Agreement . West Papua was legally created as a province in 1999 (out of the original Papua Province), but it was not inaugurated until 2003. Consisting until 2022 of twelve regencies and one city,
1377-936: The Arfak Mountains (2,940 m (9,646 ft)) in Arfak Mountains Regency , the Fak-Fak Mountains in Fak-Fak Regency , Mount Fudi (1,280 m (4,199 ft)) in Fak-Fak Regency, Kumafa Mountains in Fak-Fak Regency, Mount Togwomeri (2,680 m (8,793 ft)) in Manokwari Regency, Mount Wasada (1,070 m (3,510 ft)) in Manokwari Regency, Mount Wiwi (1,130 m (3,707 ft)) in Manokwari Regency. Lakes in West Papua include Anggi Giji Lake in Manokwari Regency, Anggi Gita Lake in Manokwari Regency, Lake Yamur in Manokwari Regency. The province
1458-483: The Bird's Head Peninsula in what is now the province of Southwest Papua before expanding to also include coastal regions in the current province of Papua. This relationship played an important historical role in binding Indonesia to the Papua. Another theory is that the word Papua comes from the Malay word 'papuwah', which means 'frizzled hair'. It was first mentioned in 1812 Malay Dictionary by William Marsden , although it
1539-471: The Dutch East Indies . Since the creation of the new Southwest Papua Province, the residual West Papua Province consists of only seven regencies. West Papua is located between 0 – 4 degrees South Latitude and 124 – 132 degrees East Longitude, just below the equator with an altitude of 0–100 m (0–328 ft) above sea level. The area of West Papua before the creation of Southwest Papua Province
1620-650: The Mamberamo River (that was charted as San Agustin ) he took possession of the land for the Spanish Crown, in the process giving the island the name by which it is known today. He called it Nueva Guinea owing to the resemblance of the local inhabitants to the peoples of the Guinea coast in West Africa. The first map showing the whole island (as an island) was published in 1600 and shown 1606, Luís Vaz de Torres explored
1701-770: The Philosophical Transactions and the Archaeologia . Marsden's Numismata orientalia opened the field for Asian numismatics in Western languages, and was a "bible" for the subject, so much so that a new edition was planned in 1870s, but the field had grown so much by then that the new series was soon renamed as the International Numismata Orientalia . He married Elizabeth, the daughter of his friend Sir Charles Wilkins FRS; they had no children. He died on 6 October 1836 from an attack of apoplexy , and
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#17328983478661782-453: The Sumatra -based empire of Srivijaya (7th century–13th century) referred to the island as Janggi . The empire engaged in trade relations with western New Guinea, initially taking items like sandalwood and birds-of-paradise in tribute to China , but later making slaves out of the natives. It was only at the beginning of 700 AD that traders from Persia and Gujarat began to arrive in what
1863-457: The 15th century, because of interaction with Muslim traders and Moluccan Muslim Sultanates especially the earliest being Bacan . Though there were many earlier theories and folk legends on origin of Islam , sometimes mixed with indigenous folk religion of Fakfak, Kaimana, Bintuni, and Wondama. These include Islamic procession of Hajj pilgrimage that do not go to Meccah, but to Nabi Mountain, near Arguni Bay and Wondama Bay. According to Aceh origins,
1944-600: The 1940s, Frans Kaisiepo the committee leader suggested name from Mansren Koreri myths, Iri-an from the Biak language of Biak Island , meaning "hot land" referring to local hot climate, but also from Iryan which means heated process as a metaphor for a land that is entering new era. In Serui Iri-an ( lit. ' land-nation ' ) means "pillar of nation", while in Merauke Iri-an ( lit. ' placed higher-nation ' ) means "rising spirit" or "to rise". The name
2025-471: The Dutch flag was hoisted and Dutch claimed all of western Papua , which they called Nieuw Guinea . In the ceremony, multiple tribes and kingdoms of the region was invited. The Dutch reorganized VOC vassalization system of Tidore Sultanate with the Sultan being given new rattan baton with gold head (formerly having VOC stamp). Under him, Sendawan (King of Namatota), Kassa (King of Lahakia) and Lutu ("Orang Kaya" from Lobo and Mawara) were recognized as leader of
2106-514: The Dutch held power over Tidore. Dutch New Guinea in the early 19th century was administered from the Moluccas . Although the coast had been mapped in 1825 by Lieutenant Commander D.H. Kolff, there had been no serious effort to establish a permanent presence in Dutch New Guinea. The British, however, had shown considerable interest in the area, and were threatening to settle it. To prevent this,
2187-629: The Governor of the Moluccas, Pieter Merkus , urged the Dutch government to establish posts along the coast. An administrative and trading post established in 1828 on Triton Bay on the southwest coast of New Guinea . The post was named Fort Du Bus for the then-Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, Leonard du Bus de Gisignies . On 24 August 1828, the birthday of King William I of the Netherlands ,
2268-912: The Malay Language . This was followed by a translation of the Travels of Marco Polo in 1818. Marsden was a member of many learned societies , and treasurer and vice-president of the Royal Society . In 1820, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society . In 1834 he presented his collection of oriental coins to the British Museum and his library of books and Oriental manuscripts to King's College London . His other works are Catalogue of Dictionaries, Vocabularies, Grammars and Alphabets (1796), Numismata orientalia (London, 1823–1825), and several papers on Eastern topics in
2349-588: The Netherlands in 1945, Indonesia claimed all of the territory of the former Dutch East Indies , including Western New Guinea . Local figures like Silas Papare created PKII In 1946 centered in Serui to begin preparation for revolution war against the Netherlands. To counter this Netherlands formed the Papuan Council. In 1947 Malino Conference the formation of United States of Indonesia was considered but because of pressure from local Dutch politicians hoping to create
2430-565: The Netherlands to Indonesia and that by 1969 the United Nations should oversee a referendum of the Papuan people, in which they would be given two options: to remain part of Indonesia or to become an independent nation. This vote was referred to as the Act of Free Choice . However, the vote was reportedly conducted by consensus of government-selected delegates, numbering slightly over 1,000, which represent
2511-451: The Soviet block, formulated a plan to resolve the Western New Guinea dispute. Indonesian delegation include several Indonesian nationalists from West Papua Who managed to flee and made contact during earlier incursions, such as: Marthen Indey and Silas Papare . It was agreed through the New York Agreement in 1962 that the administration of Western New Guinea would be temporarily transferred from
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2592-866: The Sultanate of Tidore, incorporating it into the Netherlands East Indies . Other local kingdoms around the area were formerly under the dominion of Rumbati kingdom but achieved kingdom status when the Netherlands achieved hegemony of the area in 1898, this includes: Patipi kingdom centered in Patipi Bay in Fakfak, Sekar kingdom in Kokas led by Rumagesan dynasty, Wertuar kingdom centered in Sisir led by Heremba dynasty, Arguni kingdom centered in Arguni islands in Kaimana. Other kingdoms in
2673-404: The Western new Guinea status negotiation to the next year. However, by 1950s Republic of Indonesia Government dissolved United States of Indonesia and many of the constituent merged to form United Republic of Indonesia. This angered the Dutch because it destroyed their influence in many of the formed republics constituent of BFO and the dissolving of Dutch-Indonesian Union. As a result, the region
2754-545: The area include Namatota Kingdom, and Sran Kingdom . During the Indonesian National Awakening period several Indonesian nationalists were interned in the Boven-Digoel detention camp in modern-day Papua province, mostly from the failed 1926 communist uprising. This began the long interaction and formation of local Indonesian nationalist movement in Western New Guinea. Following its independence declaration from
2835-446: The autonomous city ( kota ), which together were subdivided into 155 districts ( distrik ) at the 2010 Census. Two further new regencies were created on 25 October 2012 – South Manokwari ( Manokwari Selatan ) and Arfak Mountains ( Pegunungan Arfak ) – both from districts which were formerly parts of the Manokwari Regency, while four further districts of Manokwari Regency were added to Tambrauw Regency. However, as mentioned above,
2916-700: The clerk for the Magellan voyage . The name Papua was known to Pigafetta when he stopped on the island of Tidore . On 16 May 1545, Yñigo Ortiz de Retez , a Spanish maritime explorer who in command of the San Juan de Letran , left port in Tidore , an island which was Spain's stronghold in the Maluku Islands and going by way of the Talaud Islands and the Schoutens , reached the northern coast of New Guinea, which
2997-598: The coastal areas of Papua with the Sultans of Maluku, there are several local kingdoms on this island, which shows the entry of the system of feudalism that does not originated from Papua itself. Since the 16th century, apart from the Raja Ampat Islands which was contested between the Bacan Sultanate, Tidore Sultanate , and Ternate Sultanate , other coastal areas of Papua from the island of Biak to Mimika have become
3078-411: The creation of new kingdoms). According to the oral history of the Biak people, there used to be a relationship and marriage between their tribal chiefs and the sultans of Tidore . The Biak people is the largest Melanesian tribe that spreads on the northern coast of Papua, therefore the Biak language is also the most widely used and considered the language of Papuan unity. Due to the relationship of
3159-411: The elite of Papuan society, mostly Papuan tribal elders and local kings such as Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan kings of Sekar, and the few local Papuans luckily to receive education during the earlier period of Dutch East Indies. The referendum was recognised by the international community and the region became the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya (renamed Papua in 1999). The result of the compromised vote
3240-653: The entry of traders from Europe to the archipelago which marks the beginning of colonialism in the Indonesian Archipelago . During Tidore's rule, the main exports of the island during this period were resins, spices, slaves and the highly priced feathers of the bird-of-paradise . Sultan Nuku , one of the most famous Tidore sultans who rebelled against Dutch colonization, called himself "Sultan of Tidore and Papua", during his revolt in 1780s. He commanded loyalty from both Moluccan and Papuan chiefs, especially those of Raja Ampat Islands. Following Tidore's defeat, much of
3321-401: The establishment of 57 prospective regencies/cities (and 8 new provinces). This included a new province of Southwest Papua to be created out of the existing West Papua province, together with three new regencies and one city to be formed within the residual West Papua Province - Moskona (from Teluk Bintuni Regency), Kokas (from Fakfak Regency), and West Manokwari (from Manokwari Regency), while
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3402-720: The formation of a Nieuw Guinea Raad , intending to create an independent Papuan state. Indonesia declared intention of military confrontation by Formation of Tri Komando Rakjat (TRIKORA) speech in Yogyakarta, on 19 December 1961. Indonesia then began to direct military incursions into the half-island, which he referred to as West Irian. By the end of 1962, 3,000 Indonesian soldiers were present throughout West Irian/West Papua. Although most of these military incursion managed to make contact with local Indonesian nationalists most were unsuccessful in taking control and were captured by Dutch authority. United States fearing more Indonesian shift toward
3483-539: The government has issued the implementing regulation. In November 2022, Sorong City and West Papua's westernmost regencies were separated off and formed into the new province of Southwest Papua , so named despite their location on the northwestern part of the island. The provincial area now includes the eastern part of the Doberai Peninsula (Bird's Head Peninsula) and the whole of the Bomberai Peninsula to
3564-486: The highlands were an early and independent center of agriculture, and show that agriculture developed gradually over several thousands of years; the banana has been cultivated in this region for at least 7,000 years. Austronesian peoples migrating through Maritime Southeast Asia settled in the area at least 3,000 years ago, and populated especially in Cenderawasih Bay . Diverse cultures and languages have developed in
3645-414: The island due to geographical isolation; there are over 300 languages and two hundred additional dialects in the region ( see Papuan languages , Austronesian languages , Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages ). Ghau Yu Kuan, a Chinese merchant, came to Papua around the latter half of 500 AD and referred to it as Tungki , the area where they obtained spices. Meanwhile, in the latter half of 600 AD,
3726-655: The karst system of the Aouk-Kladuk river has been explored. At present, it is the largest underground river explored on the planet. Before 1999, the areas forming (since 2003) West Papua Province consisted of three regencies ( kabupaten ) – Manokwari , Sorong and Fakfak . The City of Sorong was separated from Sorong Regency on 4 October 1999 and established as a regency-level administration. Five new regencies were created on 11 December 2002 - Kaimara from part of Fakfak Regency, Raja Ampat (the Raja Ampat Islands off
3807-536: The later Salawati king of Muhammad Amminudin Arfan as their local guide. They entered Papua at Mansinam Island , near Manokwari on 5 February 1855. The date has become a significant local Christian holiday known as "Gospel Day", celebrated annually across Indonesian Papua . Indonesian is the official language in the Papua Barat province, just like other provinces in Indonesia. All road signs and documents released by
3888-454: The new city is Manokwari (from Manokwari Regency). Except for the creation of the new province of Southwest Papua in late 2022, these projected changes have not yet (by 2024) been implemented. The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council . The West Papua Electoral District consists of all of the 7 regencies in
3969-510: The north coast of Papua proper, the Schouten Islands or Biak Island. When the Dutch colonized this island as part of the Dutch East Indies , they called it Nieuw Guinea . Speakers align themselves with a political orientation when choosing a name for the western half of the island of New Guinea . The official name of the region is "Papua" according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Independence activists refer to
4050-502: The original manuscripts, but before that he would visit Moluccas specifically in Sinisore village. This corresponds with the village's origin of Islam that instead came from Papua. A study by Fakfak government, mentioned another Acehnese figure called Abdul Ghafar who visited Old Fatagar in 1502 under the reign of Rumbati King Mansmamor. He would preach in Onin language (lingua franca of the area at
4131-410: The perspective of cultural characteristics, livelihoods, and patterns of life, indigenous Papuans in West Papua can be divided into two major groups: highlander (inland or mountainous) Papuans, which are non-Austronesian, and coastal Papuans, which are Austronesian (italicized above). Though centuries of interaction have caused both groups to have mixed and influenced each other. The remaining population
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#17328983478664212-507: The position of first secretary with a salary of £4,000 per annum. It was in this capacity in 1805 that he received the news of victory in the Battle of Trafalgar and of the death of Admiral Horatio Nelson in the battle. As first secretary he suggested a system later named Marsden squares for arranging and grouping information over the oceans. He retired in 1807 with a lifetime pension of £1,500 per annum which he subsequently relinquished in 1831. In 1812, he published Grammar and Dictionary of
4293-541: The province has a special autonomous status as granted by Indonesian legislation . West Papua has a medium Human Development Index . The Indonesian government has launched the building of ambitious infrastructure projects including the Trans-Papua Highway , airports, and other facilities. Detractors claim that these projects threaten Southeast Asia's and Oceania's last large regions of tropical rainforests and native cultures. According to Bank Indonesia , West Papua recorded an economic growth rate of 7.7% during 2018, which
4374-506: The province of Central Papua and the Cenderawasih Bay . Manokwari is the province's capital and largest city. With an estimated population of 569,570 in mid-2023 (comprising 299,745 males and 269,825 females), West Papua is the least populous province in Indonesia after South Papua , following the separation off in 2022 of the western half of the Bird's Head Peninsula to create the new province of Southwest Papua , containing 52% of what had been West Papua's population. Its population density
4455-443: The province was split in two in late 2022, with the eastern part (containing just 48% of the existing population) retaining the name of West Papua. All the existing regencies in the reduced province are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. On 25 October 2013 the People's Representative Council began reviewing draft laws on
4536-461: The province, and elects 3 members to the People's Representative Council. This province has tremendous potential, both agriculture , mining , forest products and tourism . Pearls and seaweed are produced in Raja Ampat Regency while the only traditional weaving industry called Timor fabric is produced in South Sorong Regency . Fragrant nutmeg syrup can be obtained in Fak-Fak Regency as well as various other potentials. Besides that nature tourism
4617-407: The province, the city of Manokwari has come to be known as the "Gospel City", as it is directly inland from Mansinam Island where the first European missionaries of Carl Ottow and Johann Geissler, under the initiative of Ottho Gerhard Heldring to reached Papua. They were under permission from Tidore Sultanate, who facilitated them with a ship, and connected them with his vassals in the area, like
4698-402: The provincial government are written in Indonesian. However, Papuan Malay is used as the lingua franca of the province, both as a trade language and in inter-ethnic communication. Papuan Malay is considered to be similar to Ambonese Malay and Manado Malay language, and is mutually intelligible with Indonesian though it has been highly influenced by local languages. Nevertheless, its usage
4779-484: The region again until 1896; they established settlements in Manokwari and Fak-Fak in response to perceived Australian ownership claims from the eastern half of New Guinea. Under Tidore hegemony around Onin Peninsula, there was three main local kingdoms Atiati, Fatagar , and Rumbati led by Bauw dynasty. In 1878, there was a war between Rumbati on one side and Fatagar and Atiati on the other side. Atiati and Fatagar moved their capitals to Ega islands. After some time there
4860-487: The region as " West Papua ", while Indonesian officials have also used "West Papua" to name the westernmost province of the region since 2007. Historically, the region has had the official names of Netherlands New Guinea (1895–1962), West Irian or Irian Barat (1962–73), Irian Jaya (1973–2002), Irian Jaya Barat (2003–2007), and Papua Barat (2007–present). Papuan habitation of the region is estimated to have begun between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago. Research indicates that
4941-436: The regions which was symbolized by three rattan batons with silver head. Under those three, The Netherlands also recognized another twenty eight tribes or vassal kingdoms. Almost 30 years later, Germans established the first missionary settlement on an island near Manokwari . While in 1828 the Dutch claimed the south coast west of the 141st meridian and the north coast west of Humboldt Bay in 1848, they did not try to develop
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#17328983478665022-462: The royal line of Sran . Islam only grew in the coastal part of Papua especially in the bird's head areas , and did not spread to the interior part of the island until Dutch started sending migrants in 1902 and exiled Indonesian leaders in 1910 to Merauke. Muhammadiyah figures were exiled in Papua and in their exile help spread Islam in the region. Later on to help members with education issues, Muhammadiyah only formally sent its teacher in 1933. In
5103-435: The same time, Britain claimed south-east New Guinea , later known as the Territory of Papua , and Germany claimed the northeast, later known as the Territory of New Guinea . The German, Dutch and British colonial administrators each attempted to suppress the still-widespread practices of inter-village warfare and headhunting within their respective territories. In 1901, the Netherlands formally purchased West New Guinea from
5184-405: The south. In the north, the province is bordered by the Pacific Ocean , in the west by Southwest Papua , North Maluku province and Maluku province, in the east by Cenderawasih Bay , in the south by the Ceram Sea and in the southeast by Central Papua Province. The southeastern boundary of West Papua is almost the same as the Afdeling boundary ("part") West Nieuw-Guinea ("West New Guinea") in
5265-428: The southern coast of New Guinea from Milne Bay to the Gulf of Papua including Orangerie Bay, which he named Bahía de San Lorenzo . His expedition also discovered Basilaki Island , naming it Tierra de San Buenaventura , which he claimed for Spain in July 1606. On 18 October, his expedition reached the western part of the island in present-day Indonesia, and also claimed the territory for the King of Spain. In 1606,
5346-407: The territory it claimed in western part of New Guinea came under Dutch rule as part of Dutch East Indies. In 1511, Antonio d'Arbau, a Portuguese sailor, called the Papua region as "Os Papuas" or llha de Papo . Don Jorge de Menetes , a sailor from Spain also stopped by in Papua a few years later (1526–1527), he refers to the region as 'Papua', which was mentioned in the diary of Antonio Pigafetta ,
5427-430: The time) and was buried next to village mosque in Rumbati, Patipi Bay, Fakfak. Meanwhile, based on oral history of Fakfak and Kaimana, a Sufi by the name of Syarif Muaz al-Qathan from Yemen constructed a mosque in Tunasgain, which was dated using the 8 merbau woods previously used as ceremonial Alif poles for the mosque around every 50 years, to be from 1587. He was also attributed of converting Samay, an Adi ruler of
5508-483: The total population in West Papua are the native Papuan people . There are several tribes that inhabit West Papua Province, which are Arfak ( Hatam , Meyah , Moire , and Sougb ), Borai , Numfor Doreri , Irarutu , Koiwai , Kuri , Madewana , Mairasi , Maniwak, Mbaham-Matta, Miere, Moru, Moskona , Napiti, Oburauw, Roon , Roswar, Sebyar (Damban and Kemberan), Soviar, Sumuri , Wamesa , Warumba, Waruri , Wondama . In general, when viewed from
5589-406: The two western peninsulas of the island of New Guinea : the eastern half of the Bird's Head Peninsula (or Doberai Peninsula) and the whole of the Bomberai Peninsula , along with nearby smaller islands. The province is bordered to the north by the Pacific Ocean , to the west by Southwest Papua Province, the Halmahera Sea and the Ceram Sea , to the south by the Banda Sea , and to the east by
5670-403: The west coast of Papua) and South Sorong ( Sorong Selatan ) from further parts of Sorong Regency, and Teluk Bintuni and Teluk Wondama from parts of Manokwari Regency. In late 2008 two new regencies were created from other arts of Sorong Regency - Tambrauw on 29 October, and Maybrat on 19 December. Thus by 2009 the province was administratively divided into ten regencies ( kabupaten ) and
5751-602: Was 99,398.26 km (38,377.88 sq mi), and is currently about 60,275.33 km (23,272.44 sq mi). The climate in West Papua also tends to be the same as the climate in the Papua Province, which is tropical with rainfall varying in each region. The land condition in West Papua is almost the same as the Papua Province where the surface is in the form of cliffs and slopes. The types of soil in West Papua are latosol, resina, red and yellow medeteren, podsol, red yellow podsolic, gray red podsolic, litosol, alluvia, gray hydromorph. The mountains in West Papua include
5832-405: Was a conflict between Atiati and Fatagar , as a result Atiati moved its capital to the mainland on the coast just across Ega island which come to be known as Atiati in modern time. Meanwhile, Fatagar moved its capital to a place called Merapi, located on the eastern side of Fakfak town in modern time. Great Britain and Germany had recognized the Dutch claims in treaties of 1885 and 1895. At much
5913-462: Was awarded the Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.) degree by Oxford University in 1780 and published his History of Sumatra in 1783. Marsden was elected to membership in the Royal Society in 1783. He had been recommended by James Rennell , Edward Whitaker Gray , John Topham , Alexander Dalrymple , and Charles Blagden . In 1795, Marsden was appointed second secretary to the admiralty, later rising to
5994-456: Was coasted till the end of August when, having got to the 5°S latitude, contrary winds and currents forced a return to Tidore where he arrived on 5 October 1545. Many islands were encountered and first charted, along the northern coast of New Guinea, and in the Padaidos , Le Maires , Ninigos , Kaniets and Hermits , to some of which Spanish names were given. On 20 June 1545 at the mouth of
6075-565: Was established out of the western portion of the province of Papua in February 2003, initially under the name of West Irian Jaya ( Irian Jaya Barat ). In November 2004, an Indonesian court agreed that the split violated Papua's autonomy laws. However, the court ruled that because the new province had already been established, it should remain separate from Papua. The ruling also prohibited the creation of another proposed province, Central Irian Jaya , as that division had not yet been formalised. The split
6156-515: Was not found on earlier dictionaries. In the records of 16th century Portuguese and Spanish sailors, the word 'Papua' is the designation for the inhabitants who inhabit the Raja Ampat Islands and the coastal parts of the Bird's Head Peninsula. The former name of the province, Irian Jaya, was suggested during a tribal committee meeting in Tobati, Jayapura , formed by Atmoprasojo, head of bestuur school in
6237-865: Was promoted in 1945 by Marcus Kaisiepo, brother of the future governor Frans Kaisiepo . The name Irian was politicized later by Marthin Indey and Silas Papare with the Indonesian acronym 'Ikut Republik Indonesia Anti Nederland' (Join the Republic of Indonesia oppose the Netherlands). The name was used throughout the Suharto administration , until it was changed to Papua during the administration of President Abdurrahman Wahid . The Dutch, who arrived later under Jacob Le Maire and Willem Schouten , called it Schouten island . They later used this name only to refer to islands off
6318-498: Was rejected by West Papuan nationalists, who are mostly from the newer generation of Dutch New Guinea educated elites, who established the Free Papua Movement (OPM) which have roots in the earlier Dutch-formed Papuan Council. The independence movement for West Papua has continued, primarily through peaceful protest and international pressure, but also guerrilla warfare against the Indonesian administration . The Papua conflict
6399-648: Was said to be the eighth region of the Majapahit Empire. Wanin or Onin was probably the oldest name in recorded history to refer to the western part of the island of New Guinea. A transcript from the Nagarakretagama says the following: According to some linguists, the word Ewanin is another name for Onin, while Sran popularly misunderstood to refers to Seram Island in Maluku , is more likely another name for Kowiai. The local Papuan kingdom in its native language
6480-468: Was still retained by the Dutch, which caused increasing tension of Netherlands with Indonesia. By December 1957, Sukarno frustrated with the lack of progress for Western New Guinea negotiation, decided to nationalise around 246 Dutch companies dominating Indonesian economy. By early 1960s Indonesia also began to accept increasing amounts of Soviet-bloc military aid. This leads to increasingly aggressive stance by Indonesia. In April 1961, Netherlands announced
6561-601: Was the son of a Dublin merchant. He was born in Verval, County Wicklow , and educated at Trinity College, Dublin . Upon obtaining a civil service appointment with the East India Company at sixteen years of age, he was sent to Benkulen , Sumatra , in 1771. He was promoted to the position of principal secretary to the government, and acquired a knowledge of the Malay language and the country. After returning to England in 1779, he
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