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26-399: Prominent members include Harith Sulayman al-Dhari (chairman), Muthanna Harith al-Dhari (chairman's son and spokesman, secretary-general as of 2018), Abdel-Salam al-Kubaisi, Abdel-Sattar Abdel-Jabbar (founder, and senior official), Dr. Muhammad Bashar al-Faithi , Abdel Hamid Al-Ani, Ahmed Abdul Ghafour al-Samarrai , Mahdi Ibrahim, Abu Bashir al-Tarousi, and Umar Raghib. The AMS did not join

52-819: A terrorism list released by the Dawa Party -led government in Iraq. The association has condemned the 2016 assault on Falluja as "an unjust aggression, a reflection of the vengeful spirit that the forces of evil harbor against this city". The AMS is a group of Sunni scholars. Many of its members favor the Hanbali school of fiqh law over the Hanafi school, which has traditionally been dominant among Sunnis in Iraq. Harith Sulayman al-Dhari Sheikh Harith Sulayman al-Dhari (al-Dari) or Harith ibn Sulayman ibn Dhari al-Zoba'i al-shamri ( Arabic : حارث الضاري ) (b. 1941 – 12 March 2015)

78-523: Is not justified by Islamic law," and Muslims should not take "justice into their own hands." He also expressed concern that the attacks would cause the "legitimate Iraqi resistance" to lose its credibility in the eyes of the Islamic world" In 2018, the AMS reaffirmed its opposition to foreign forces in Iraq, while maintaining its denial of organizational links to al-Qaeda despite Chairman Harith al-Dhari 's inclusion on

104-606: The 2003 invasion of Iraq . The decision of the Turkish parliament to do so, at the time, was seen as both a response against American interests in the Middle East , and a desire to keep Turkey out of the Iraq War. The Turkish government, however, allowed all humanitarian flights into and out of Turkey, such as the airlifting of wounded coalition forces. In March 2006, British newspaper, The Independent , reported that companies based within

130-589: The Arab League . Jordan assisted in training of Iraqi security forces , and the United Arab Emirates donated military equipment, though purchased from Switzerland. As of September 2008, over 545,000 Iraqi security forces have been trained. In November 2006, the United Nations Security Council voted to extend the mandate of the multinational force in Iraq until the end of 2007. The move

156-526: The Coalition forces , was a U.S.-led military command during the Iraq War from 2004 to 2009. The vast majority of MNF-I was made up of United States Army forces. However it also supervised British; Australian; Polish; Spanish; and other countries' forces. It replaced the previous force, Combined Joint Task Force 7 , on 15 May 2004. It was significantly reinforced during the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 . MNF-I

182-583: The Iraqi Army and the Iraqi Police . The MNF-I's objectives, as expressed in an annex to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546 , a June 2004 letter from U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell to the U.N. Security Council, were stated to be: The MNF under unified command is prepared to continue to contribute to the maintenance of security in Iraq, including by preventing and deterring terrorism and protecting

208-501: The Iraqi National Project , a nationalist party that won a deputy in the 2021 parliamentary elections . On November 16, 2006 Iraq's interior minister Jawad al-Bolani announced that an arrest warrant had been issued from the state's judicial system for Al-Dhari, who then lived between Cairo and Amman, on charges of inciting sectarian violence. "The government's policy is that anyone who tries to spread division and strife among

234-587: The Iraq people will be chased by our security agencies." On September 16, 2008, the U.S. Treasury Department sanctioned Harith al-Dhari for "threatening the peace and stability of Iraq and the Government of Iraq by ordering and directing attacks against civilians and Iraqi and Coalition Forces." In his speech on July 2, 2006, Osama Bin Laden praised Al-Dhari. Multi-National Force %E2%80%93 Iraq The Multi-National Force – Iraq ( MNF–I ), often referred to as

260-597: The Iraqi cabinet. The majority of Iraqi parliamentarians wanted it to be made into a binding international agreement rather than simply presenting it as a local Iraqi law. A compromise was reached and the law passed on December 23, 2008, with the Iraqi government agreeing to then sign bilateral agreements with the affected countries. Total invasion deployment Multi-National Force – Iraq units [REDACTED]   Norway – contributed with ARTHUR counter-battery radar systems, which pointed out 1,500 bombing targets during"

286-698: The Sunni armed resistance in the absence of a timetable for the withdrawal of Coalition troops . This stance has won him support among Sunni Arabs and respect among the rebels. In May 2007 Al-Dhari did an interview with Time , taking a stand in opposition to Al-Qaeda in Iraq , but also in opposition to the American occupation and the Maliki government . In July 2007 Al-Dhari did an interview with Al Jazeera Live channel, which stated that Al-Qaeda in Iraq killed 50 members of his family. His nephew Jamal al-Dhari currently leads

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312-615: The United States. Many MNF-I member countries had received monetary gain, among other incentives from the United States, in return for their sending of military forces to Iraq, or otherwise supporting coalition forces during the Iraq War. Georgia , is believed to have sent soldiers to Iraq as an act of repayment for U.S. training of security forces that could potentially be deployed to the break-away regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia . Indeed, Georgian troops that were sent to Iraq have all undergone these training programs. Turkey

338-460: The agreement, the Iraqi government would have given the U.S. until July 31, 2010 to withdraw completely. On December 18, 2008 the Iraqi government published a law that covered the status of non-U.S. foreign forces in the country from the end of the U.N.'s mandate on December 31, 2008 through to their withdrawal on July 31, 2009. The Iraqi parliament voted on Saturday December 20, 2008, after a second reading of this law, to reject it and send it back to

364-425: The country until 2011, but changed the status on several issues. Iraq regains sovereignty of its airspace, gains sovereignty over American contractors U.S. forces who commit crimes, if they are both off-duty and off base. The U.S. were given until July 31, 2009 to withdraw from Iraqi cities and the whole agreement was subject to a referendum of Iraqi voters held prior to June 30, 2009. If the referendum failed to approve

390-508: The first days of the war (the British minister of defence, Geoff Hoon , thanked Norway for its "robust" contribution). In early March 2007, Multi-National Force – Iraq announced that it had launched an official YouTube channel for the first time. The channel's videos have over eight million views. The stated purpose of the YouTube channel is to "document action as it appeared to personnel on

416-640: The ground and in the air as it was shot." The video clips posted to the site are edited for "time, security reasons, and/or overly disturbing or offensive images." Critics of the war have argued that, in addition to direct incentives, the involvement of other members of the coalition was in response for indirect benefits, such as support for North Atlantic Treaty Organization membership or other military and financial aid. Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet , stated in April 2006, that Estonian military forces were to remain in Iraq due to Estonia's "important partnership" with

442-409: The newly formed government because it believed the political process to be illegitimate whilst Iraq remains under occupation. The group believes that: "True democracy is impossible under occupation.” According to the association's spokesman in 2005 Muhammad al-Kubaysi, Iraq's problems can be attributed to "the presence of a foreign power that occupies this country and refuses even the mere scheduling of

468-557: The occupation ends. We must get rid of the occupation which is the cause of Iraq’s misery and pain. It acts as a cover and fuel for outsiders to meddle." The association has been called an important force in giving the anti-occupation Sunni insurgency religious sanction in Iraq, with some of its leaders, such as Ayyash al-Kubaisi, openly endorsing the Sunni resistance as legitimate. However, they have consistently condemned all indiscriminate attacks on civilians, distinguishing between 'terrorism' and 'honorable resistance' and have negotiated for

494-484: The release of Western hostages, as well as helping to arrange aid convoys to the city of Falluja when it was under siege. When Al-Qaeda in Iraq leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi called for "a full-scale war on Shiites," at least one member of the association, Abu Bashir al-Tarousi, objected, pointing out that "although sectarian war in Iraq may have been provoked and sparked by the Shia ... killing according to sectarian affiliation

520-615: The territory of Iraq. The goal of the MNF will be to help the Iraqi people to complete the political transition and will permit the United Nations and the international community to work to facilitate Iraq ' s reconstruction. The majority of countries that deployed forces to Iraq generally confined them to their respective military installations, due to widespread violence throughout the country. The government of Iraq enjoyed broad international recognition, including from constituent countries of

546-474: The withdrawal of its forces from Iraq." Members of the AMS met a senior US embassy official in January 2005 and asked for a timetable for US troop withdrawal. When this was refused, the group called for a boycott of the elections. The AMS has been the group most critical of the occupation since the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Sheikh Harith al-Dhari, the chairman of the group, has said: "Iraq’s ordeal will not end unless

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572-682: Was an Iraqi Sunni Arab cleric, and chairman of the Association of Muslim Scholars . He was also a leader of the Zoba' tribe. An outspoken critic of the American invasion of Iraq, he became known as "the Spiritual Leader of the Iraqi Resistance" (Insurgency). His father and grandfather assassinated Royal Army Colonel Gerard Leachman and played a part in the 1920 revolt against British imperial rule; which

598-540: Was offered approximately $ 8.5 billion in loans in exchange for sending 10,000 peacekeeping troops in 2003. Even though the United States did say the loans and the sending of troops to Iraq were not directly linked, it also said the loans are contingent upon "cooperation" on Iraq. The Turkish government swiftly rejected all offers of financial aid, and on March 1, 2003, the Turkish Grand National Assembly rejected sending military forces to help participate in

624-485: Was reorganized into its successor, United States Forces – Iraq , on 1 January 2010. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq , which does humanitarian work and has a number of guards and military observers, has also operated in Iraq since 2003. The U.N. Assistance Mission in Iraq was not a part of the MNF-I, but a separate entity. The NATO Training Mission – Iraq , was in Iraq from 2004 to December 2011, where it trained

650-546: Was requested by the Iraqi government , which said the troops were needed for another year while it built up its own security forces . In December 2007, the Security Council unanimously approved resolution 1790 , which extended the mandate until December 31, 2008. In December 2008, the American and Iraqi governments signed the U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement , which covered only American troops. It allowed them to remain in

676-570: Was the fiercest in the Shi'ite south, and was a seminal moment of unity between Iraq's Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kurds that forced the British to allow a form of self-rule. Harith al-Dhari was educated at Al-Azhar University in Cairo . He later worked in the Islamic Law department of Baghdad University . Al-Dhari has been an outspoken critic of the foreign military presence in Iraq and has said that he approves of

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