Misplaced Pages

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20-457: Unlike many temples of the time, Murō-ji was opened to females. For that reason, the temple is also called Mount Kōya for women . Its five storied pagoda is one of the oldest standing pagodas in Japan, dating its construction to the 9th century. While legend has it that the temple was founded by the monk En no Gyōja by order of Emperor Tenmu , and later restored by Kūkai , an extant record kept by

40-607: A festival called the Autumn Ryūketsu Shrine festival. During the month of October, two figures of a dragon in straw are placed on the grounds of Murō-ji and on the road to the Shinto Ryūketsu Shrine. The next day, the head priest of Murō-ji begins a procession between the temple and the Ryūketsu Shrine, stopping to conduct rituals in favor of the two straw dragon figures. While rain prayer practices are absent,

60-684: The Daibutsu (Great Buddha), later to be completed and placed in Tōdai-ji , Nara . 743 ( Tenpyō 15 ): The law of Perpetual Ownership of Cultivated Lands (墾田永代私財法) issued 744 ( Tenpyō 16 ): Naniwa-kyō announced as capital. 745 ( Tenpyō 17 ): The capital returns to Heijō-kyō ( Nara ), construction of the Great Buddha resumes. 749 ( Tenpyō 20 ): After a 25-year reign, Emperor Shōmu abdicates in favor of his daughter, Takano -hime , who will become Empress Kōken. After his abdication, Shomu took

80-483: The 5th month, Mommu 3 (June 26, 699 AD)], En no Kimi Ozunu was banished to Izu no Shima . Ozunu had first lived in Mount Katsuragi and been acclaimed for his sorcery and was the teacher of Outer Junior 5th Rank Lower Grade Karakuni no Muraji Hirotari  [ ja ] . Later, [a person (or Hirotari?)] envied his power and accused him of trickery with his weird magic. [The Imperial Court] banished him far [from

100-510: The Capital]. Rumor says, "Ozunu was able to manipulate demonic spirits, making them draw water and gather firewood. When they disobeyed, he bound them using sorcery." In spite of this incident, it seems that the Court continued to highly evaluate the herbal knowledge of Ozunu's school, since Vol. 11 of the book also tells that on October 5, Tenpyō 4 (October 28, 732 AD), his student Karakuni no Hirotari

120-9046: The Kuni Palace site, Kyoto Prefectural Board of Education) ; retrieved 2011-07-14 ^ Varley, pp. 141–142. ^ Varley, p. 141; Brown, p. 273. ^ Titsingh, p. 72 , p. 72, at Google Books . ^ Varley, p. 143. References [ edit ] Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past . Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN   978-0-520-03460-0 ; OCLC 251325323 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia . Cambridge: Harvard University Press . ISBN   978-0-674-01753-5 ; OCLC 58053128 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran ; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon . Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691 Varley, H. Paul . (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa . New York: Columbia University Press . ISBN   9780231049405 ; OCLC 6042764 External links [ edit ] National Diet Library , "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection Preceded by Jinki Era or nengō Tenpyō 729–749 Succeeded by Tenpyō-kanpō v t e Japanese era names ( nengō ) by period 538–1264 Asuka Heian Heian (cont'd) Heian (cont'd) Heian (cont'd) Heian (cont'd) Kamakura (cont'd) 645–650 Taika 650–654 Hakuchi 686–686 Shuchō 701–704 Taihō 704–708 Keiun 708–715 Wadō   Nara 715–717 Reiki 717–724 Yōrō 724–729 Jinki 729–749 Tenpyō 749 Tenpyō-kanpō 749–757 Tenpyō-shōhō 757–765 Tenpyō-hōji 765–767 Tenpyō-jingo 767–770 Jingo-keiun 770–781 Hōki 781–782 Ten'ō 782–806 Enryaku 806–810 Daidō 810–824 Kōnin 824–834 Tenchō 834–848 Jōwa 848–851 Kashō 851–854 Ninju 854–857 Saikō 857–859 Ten'an 859–877 Jōgan 877–885 Gangyō 885–889 Ninna 889–898 Kanpyō 898–901 Shōtai 901–923 Engi 923–931 Enchō 931–938 Jōhei 938–947 Tengyō 947–957 Tenryaku 957–961 Tentoku 961–964 Ōwa 964–968 Kōhō 968–970 Anna 970–973 Tenroku 973–976 Ten'en 976–978 Jōgen 978–983 Tengen 983–985 Eikan 985–987 Kanna 987–988 Eien 988–990 Eiso 990–995 Shōryaku 995–999 Chōtoku 999–1004 Chōhō 1004–1012 Kankō 1012–1017 Chōwa 1017–1021 Kannin 1021–1024 Jian 1024–1028 Manju 1028–1037 Chōgen 1037–1040 Chōryaku 1040–1044 Chōkyū 1044–1046 Kantoku 1046–1053 Eishō 1053–1058 Tengi 1058–1065 Kōhei 1065–1069 Jiryaku 1069–1074 Enkyū 1074–1077 Jōhō 1077–1081 Jōryaku 1081–1084 Eihō 1084–1087 Ōtoku 1087–1094 Kanji 1094–1096 Kahō 1096–1097 Eichō 1097–1099 Jōtoku 1099–1104 Kōwa 1104–1106 Chōji 1106–1108 Kajō 1108–1110 Tennin 1110–1113 Ten'ei 1113–1118 Eikyū 1118–1120 Gen'ei 1120–1124 Hōan 1124–1126 Tenji 1126–1131 Daiji 1131–1132 Tenshō 1132–1135 Chōshō 1135–1141 Hōen 1141–1142 Eiji 1142–1144 Kōji 1144–1145 Ten'yō 1145–1151 Kyūan 1151–1154 Ninpei 1154–1156 Kyūju 1156–1159 Hōgen 1159–1160 Heiji 1160–1161 Eiryaku 1161–1163 Ōhō 1163–1165 Chōkan 1165–1166 Eiman 1166–1169 Nin'an 1169–1171 Kaō 1171–1175 Jōan 1175–1177 Angen 1177–1181 Jishō 1181–1182 Yōwa 1182–1184 Juei 1184–1185 Genryaku   Kamakura 1185–1190 Bunji 1190–1199 Kenkyū 1199–1201 Shōji 1201–1204 Kennin 1204–1206 Genkyū 1206–1207 Ken'ei 1207–1211 Jōgen 1211–1213 Kenryaku 1213–1219 Kempo 1219–1222 Jōkyū 1222–1224 Jōō 1224–1225 Gennin 1225–1227 Karoku 1227–1229 Antei 1229–1232 Kangi 1232–1233 Jōei 1233–1234 Tenpuku 1234–1235 Bunryaku 1235–1238 Katei 1238–1239 Ryakunin 1239–1240 En'ō 1240–1243 Ninji 1243–1247 Kangen 1247–1249 Hōji 1249–1256 Kenchō 1256–1257 Kōgen 1257–1259 Shōka 1259–1260 Shōgen 1260–1261 Bun'ō 1261–1264 Kōchō 1264– present Kamakura (cont'd) Nanboku-chō Nanboku-chō Muromachi (cont'd) Momoyama Edo (cont'd) Modern Japan 1264–1275 Bun'ei 1275–1278 Kenji 1278–1288 Kōan 1288–1293 Shōō 1293–1299 Einin 1299–1302 Shōan 1302–1303 Kengen 1303–1306 Kagen 1306–1308 Tokuji 1308–1311 Enkyō 1311–1312 Ōchō 1312–1317 Shōwa 1317–1319 Bunpō 1319–1321 Gen'ō 1321–1324 Genkō 1324–1326 Shōchū 1326–1329 Karyaku 1329–1331 Gentoku 1331–1334 Genkō 1332–1333 Shōkyō Northern Court 1334–1338 Kenmu 1338–1342 Ryakuō 1342–1345 Kōei 1345–1350 Jōwa 1350–1352 Kannō 1352–1356 Bunna 1356–1361 Enbun 1361–1362 Kōan 1362–1368 Jōji 1368–1375 Ōan 1375–1379 Eiwa 1379–1381 Kōryaku 1381–1384 Eitoku 1384–1387 Shitoku 1387–1389 Kakei 1389–1390 Kōō 1390–1394 Meitoku Southern Court 1334–1336 Kenmu 1336–1340 Engen 1340–1346 Kōkoku 1346–1370 Shōhei 1370–1372 Kentoku 1372–1375 Bunchū 1375–1381 Tenju 1381–1384 Kōwa 1384–1392 Genchū   Muromachi 1394–1428 Ōei 1428–1429 Shōchō 1429–1441 Eikyō 1441–1444 Kakitsu 1444–1449 Bun'an 1449–1452 Hōtoku 1452–1455 Kyōtoku 1455–1457 Kōshō 1457–1460 Chōroku 1460–1466 Kanshō 1466–1467 Bunshō 1467–1469 Ōnin 1469–1487 Bunmei 1487–1489 Chōkyō 1489–1492 Entoku 1492–1501 Meiō 1501–1521 Bunki 1504–1521 Eishō 1521–1528 Daiei 1528–1532 Kyōroku 1532–1555 Tenbun 1555–1558 Kōji 1558–1570 Eiroku 1570–1573 Genki 1573–1592 Tenshō 1592–1596 Bunroku 1596–1615 Keichō   Edo 1615–1624 Genna 1624–1644 Kan'ei 1644–1648 Shōhō 1648–1652 Keian 1652–1655 Jōō 1655–1658 Meireki 1658–1661 Manji 1661–1673 Kanbun 1673–1681 Enpō 1681–1684 Tenna 1684–1688 Jōkyō 1688–1704 Genroku 1704–1711 Hōei 1711–1716 Shōtoku 1716–1736 Kyōhō 1736–1741 Genbun 1741–1744 Kanpō 1744–1748 Enkyō 1748–1751 Kan'en 1751–1764 Hōreki 1764–1772 Meiwa 1772–1781 An'ei 1781–1789 Tenmei 1789–1801 Kansei 1801–1804 Kyōwa 1804–1818 Bunka 1818–1830 Bunsei 1830–1844 Tenpō 1844–1848 Kōka 1848–1854 Kaei 1854–1860 Ansei 1860–1861 Man'en 1861–1864 Bunkyū 1864–1865 Genji 1865–1868 Keiō 1868–1912 Meiji 1912–1926 Taishō 1926–1989 Shōwa 1989–2019 Heisei 2019–present Reiwa Not recognized by

140-646: The Murō dragon still serves as an important tradition of the temple and the nearby Shinto shrine. Among the buildings that remain on the temple complex from the ninth century is the five-storied pagoda, which is the smallest of the kind standing in the open air. The pagoda suffered major damage in a 1998 typhoon, when a falling tree struck it. It was restored over the following two years. En no Gy%C5%8Dja En no Ozunu , also En no Ozuno or Otsuno ( 役小角 ) ( b. 634, in Katsuragi (modern Nara Prefecture ); d. c. 700–707)

160-783: The Northern Court, which retained Gentoku until 1332. Not recognized by the Southern Court. Genchū discontinued upon reunification of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392 and Meitoku retained until 1394. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tenpyō&oldid=1260169433 " Categories : Japanese eras 720s in Japan 730s in Japan 740s in Japan 729 beginnings 749 endings 8th-century neologisms Hidden categories: Webarchive template archiveis links Articles with short description Short description

180-492: The ascetic" ) , En no Ubasoku ( 役優婆塞 , "En the Layman" ) , or also under the full name En no Kimi Ozunu, where Kimi ( 君 ) is his kabane or titular name. Even historical accounts of his life are intermixed with legends and folklore. According to the chronicle Shoku Nihongi ( 797 AD ), En no Ozunu was banished to the island of Izu Ōshima on June 26, 699: On hinoto-ushi ( sexagenary "fire ox") day [24th day of

200-471: The country. The more formal name for these "kokubunji" was "konkomyo-shitenno-gokoku no tera" (meaning "temples for the protection of the country by the four guardian deities of the golden light"). The more formal name for these "bokubunniji" was "hokke-metuzai no tera" (meaning "nunneries for eliminating sin by means of the Lotus Sutra"). 743 ( Tenpyō 15 ): The Emperor issues a rescript to build

220-2997: The 💕 Period of Japanese history (729–749) Part of a series on the History of Japan [REDACTED] Periods Paleolithic before 14,000 BC Jōmon 14,000–1000 BC Yayoi 1000 BC – 300 AD Kofun 300–538 AD Asuka 538–710 Nara 710–794 Heian Former Nine Years' War Later Three-Year War Genpei War 794–1185 Kamakura Jōkyū War Mongol invasions Genkō War Kenmu Restoration 1185–1333 Muromachi Nanboku-chō period Sengoku period 1336–1573 Azuchi–Momoyama Nanban trade Imjin War Battle of Sekigahara 1573–1603 Edo (Tokugawa) Tokugawa shogunate Invasion of Ryukyu Siege of Osaka Sakoku Perry Expedition Convention of Kanagawa Bakumatsu Meiji Restoration Boshin War 1603–1868 Meiji Ryūkyū Disposition Invasion of Taiwan (1874) Satsuma Rebellion First Sino-Japanese War Treaty of Shimonoseki Triple Intervention Invasion of Taiwan (1895) Colonization of Taiwan Boxer Rebellion Russo-Japanese War Treaty of Portsmouth Japan–Korea Treaty Colonization of Korea 1868–1912 Taishō World War I Intervention in Siberia Great Kantō earthquake 1912–1926 Shōwa Militarism Financial crisis Nanking incident Mukden Incident Invasion of Manchuria May 15 incident February 26 incident Anti-Comintern Pact Tripartite Pact Second Sino-Japanese War World War II Attack on Pearl Harbor Pacific War Atomic bombings Soviet–Japanese War Surrender of Japan Occupation of Japan Postwar Japan Anpo protests Economic miracle Asset price bubble 1926–1989 Heisei Lost Decades Great Hanshin earthquake Cool Japan Tōhoku earthquake Imperial transition 1989–2019 Reiwa COVID-19 pandemic Abe assassination Noto earthquake 2019–present Topics Capital punishment Currency Earthquakes Economy Era names Education Empire Foreign relations Geography Historiography Religion Buddhism Christianity Islam Judaism Shinto Military Naval Politics Post-war Science and technology Sports World Heritage Sites Glossary History Timeline v t e Tenpyō ( 天平 )

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240-632: The growing influence of Genbō and others. 740 ( Tenpyō 12, 9th month ): Under the command of Ōno no Azumabito , an army of 17,000 is sent to Kyushu to stop the potential disturbance. 740 ( Tenpyō 12, 10th month ): Hirotsugu is decisively beaten in battle; and he is beheaded in Hizen Province . 740 ( Tenpyō 12 ): The capital is moved to Kuni-kyō . 741 ( Tenpyō 13 ): The Emperor calls for nationwide establishment of provincial temples . Provincial temples ( "kokubunji" ) and provincial nunneries ( "kokubunniji" ) were established throughout

260-629: The new one commenced in Jinki 6, on the 5th day of the 8th month of 729. Events of the Tenpyō era [ edit ] [REDACTED] Ground-plan of Heijō-kyō (Nara) 740 ( Tenpyō 12, 8th month ): In the court of Emperor Shōmu in Nara , Kibi no Makibi and Genbō conspire to discredit Fujiwara no Hirotsugu , who is Dazai shoni in Kyushu . 740 ( Tenpyō 12, 9th month ): Hirotsugu revolts in reaction to

280-670: The temple, Murō-ji ryaku engi ( 室生寺略縁起 ) , tells that a successful ritual in respect of a local dragon spirit to cure Prince Yamabe (later Emperor Kanmu )'s illness made the imperial court order a monk from the nearby temple of Kōfuku-ji , named Kenkyō ( 賢璟 ) , to construct a new temple on the site. Historically, the temple acted as a place of worship for a Japanese dragon spirit associated with Ryūjin known as Zennyo Ryūō ( 善如龍王 ) , and rain prayer offerings were traditionally held there. The numerous caves spread around Mount Murō were believed to be carved out by said dragon, and are still considered sacred. During most of its history, Murō-ji

300-950: The tonsure, thus becoming the first retired emperor to become a Buddhist priest. Empress Kōmyō, following her husband's example, also took holy vows in becoming a Buddhist nun. Notes [ edit ] ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). " Tempyō " in Japan Encyclopedia , p. 957 , p. 957, at Google Books ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today . ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 67–73 , p. 67, at Google Books ; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō , pp. 272–273; Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki , pp. 141–143. ^ Brown, p. 273. ^ Titsingh, p. 71 , p. 71, at Google Books . ^ Titsingh, p. 71 , p. 71, at Google Books ; 恭仁宮跡の発掘調査 (Excavations on

320-400: Was a Japanese era name ( 年号 , nengō , "year name") after Jinki and before Tenpyō-kanpō . This period spanned the years from August 729 through April 749. The reigning emperor was Shōmu -tennō ( 聖武天皇 ) . Change of era [ edit ] 729 Tenpyō gannen ( 天平元年 ) : The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and

340-522: Was a Japanese ascetic and mystic , traditionally held to be the founder of Shugendō , the path of ascetic training practiced by the gyōja or yamabushi . He was banished by the Imperial Court to Izu Ōshima on June 26, 699, but folk tales at least as old as the Nihon Ryōiki (c. 800) recount his supernatural powers and exploits. He is also referred to by the name En no Gyōja ( 役行者 , "En

360-455: Was a subtemple of Kōfuku-ji , from the nearby city of Nara . Monks from Kofuku-ji were regularly sent to Murō-ji for summer prayer retreats, or sanrō ( 参龍 ) , until its separation in 1694. The Ryūketsu Shrine used to be part of the Murō-ji complex until 1868, as efforts were made to separate Shinto and Buddhist institutions. Worship of the Murō dragon continues to the present day in the form of

380-540: Was conferred the posthumous title Jinben Daibosatsu (Great Bodhisattva Jinben, 神変大菩薩) at a ceremony held in 1799 to commemorate the one-thousandth year of his passing. Authorship of the non-canonical Sutra on the Unlimited Life of the Threefold Body is attributed to En no Gyōja. Due to his mythical status as a mountain saint, he was believed to possess many supernatural powers. Tenpy%C5%8D From Misplaced Pages,

400-608: Was elected as the Head Apothecary ( 典薬頭 , Ten'yaku no Kami ) , the highest position in Agency for Apothecary  [ ja ] ( 典薬寮 , Ten'yaku-ryō ) . In folk religion, En no Ozunu is traditionally held to be the founder of Shugendō , a syncretic religion incorporating aspects of Taoism , Shinto , esoteric Buddhism (especially Shingon Mikkyō and the Tendai sect) and traditional Japanese shamanism . En no Gyōja

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