76-519: The Mundenhof is located on the western edge of Freiburg im Breisgau , and is the smallest district in Freiburg, with only 46 residents. The zoo on the grounds of the Mundenhof is well-visited. The municipal garden center is also located on the grounds. The Mundenhof is one of many Green Spaces in Freiburg , which present a major factor in its reputation as a green city. The earliest documented reference to
152-432: A Gothic edifice. In 1218, when Bertold V died, then Egino V von Urach, the count of Urach assumed the title of Freiburg's count as Egino I von Freiburg. The city council did not trust the new nobles and wrote down its established rights in a document. At the end of the thirteenth century there was a feud between the citizens of Freiburg and their lord, Count Egino II of Freiburg. Egino II raised taxes and sought to limit
228-752: A German Language and Area Studies program where visiting students get to take classes at the University of Freiburg . The DFG / LFA Freiburg , a French-German high school established by the 1963 Élysée Treaty , is in the city. UWC Robert Bosch College is among the newest members of the United World Colleges (UWC) movement, one of its eighteen colleges around the world, having started accepting students in September 2014. Christianity Freiburg belonged to Austria until 1805 and remained Catholic, although surrounding villages like Haslach , Opfingen, Tiengen, and
304-604: A balance between city traditions and old Roman Law . The reforms were well received, especially the sections dealing with civil process law, punishment, and the city's constitution. In 1520, Freiburg decided not to take part in the Reformation and became an important centre for Catholicism on the Upper Rhine . Erasmus moved here after Basel accepted the Reformation. In 1536, a strong and persistent belief in witchcraft led to
380-656: A city of over 100,000 people. The current mayor of Freiburg is Martin Horn since 2018. He was previously a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) but left before running for mayor. In the election, he was supported by the SPD and the Free Democratic Party (FDP). The most recent mayoral election was held on 22 April 2018, with a runoff held on 6 May, and the results were as follows: The Freiburg city council governs
456-409: A former horse barn to house 3 terrariums and 12 pools. The pools range in volume from 500 liters (132 US gallons) to 3000 liters (792 US gallons), and they are divided into 5 salt water and 7 fresh water pools. This section of the park is also dependent on donations to exist, because entry is free. The park has many interconnecting paths with various viewing points with views of the city of Freiburg and
532-632: A free Lutheran church, is situated in Freiburg. There are multiple other free Protestant churches: e.g., the Calvary Chapel or Chrischona International. An old congregation has existed in Freiburg since the late 1900s, which utilises the old monastery church of the Ursulines in the black monastery at the border of the old city center. The Catholic Church of St. Maria Schutz has been made available for Masses by Greek, Serbian, Russian and Rumanian Orthodox congregations. Judaism Jews are said to have lived in
608-533: A large portion of the city centre, with the notable exception of the Münster , which was only lightly damaged. After the war, the city was rebuilt on its medieval plan. On 22 October 1940, the Nazi Gauleiter of Baden, Robert Heinrich Wagner , ordered the deportation of all of Baden's and 350 of Freiburg's Jewish population. They were deported to Camp Gurs in the south of France, where many died. On 18 July 1942,
684-469: A meeting place. To the east of the city centre, the Schlossberg hill provides extensive views over the city and surrounding region. The castle (Schloss) from which the hill takes its name was demolished in the 1740s, and only ruins remain. Schlossberg retained its importance to the city, however, and 150 years ago the city leaders opened up walks and views to make the mountain available to the public. Today,
760-647: A small outdoor zoo , called a Tiergehege in German to differentiate it from larger zoological gardens . It is the largest zoo in Baden-Württemberg , covering 38 hectares. Eugen Keidel , mayor of Freiburg im Breisgau at the time, was a strong supporter of the project, and on September 28, 1968, the zoo was opened to the public. In 1971 the Fördergemeinschaft Freiburger Tiergehege e.V. (Friends’ association for Freiburg zoological gardens)
836-606: A very short time. Enrique Ugarte conducted the Freiburg Philharmonic Orchestra at the ZMF's "Gala for Peace" in 2016. The Gala was also dedicated to the Israeli clarinettist and klezmer musician Giora Feidman in honor of his 80th birthday. The new district called Dietenbach, which is very close to the festival location, has aroused concern among the organizers of the festival that they will be forced to move away. However,
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#1732884263729912-464: Is 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long, runs from Günterstal up to a nearby mountain called Schauinsland . The city has an unusual system of gutters (called Freiburg Bächle ) that run throughout its centre. These Bächle , once used to provide water to fight fires and feed livestock, are constantly flowing with water diverted from the Dreisam . They were never intended to be used for sewage, and even in
988-404: Is 42 kilometres (26 mi) to the south. The city is situated in the major wine-growing region of Baden and, together with Offenburg , serves as a tourist entry-point to the scenic Black Forest . According to meteorological statistics, Freiburg held the all-time German temperature record of 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) from 2003 to 2015. An old university town and archiepiscopal seat, it
1064-664: Is an area where the international Zelt-Musik-Festival (ZMF) takes place every year. It is one of the oldest events of its kind in Europe. Through its mixture of older and modern, more popular music, the Tent-Music-Festival attracts many music fans. The special feature of the festival is that all the events take place inside big-top tents. Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau ( German: [ˈfʁaɪbʊʁk ʔɪm ˈbʁaɪsɡaʊ] ; Alemannic : Friburg im Brisgau ; French : Fribourg-en-Brisgau ; lit. Freecastle in
1140-421: Is another source of revenue. Bus line 19 takes visitors to the park. KonTiKi is a social program with the goal of bringing nature closer to children aged six and up. These children are given the opportunity to learn about flora and fauna in their free-time, so that they can learn how to treat nature with respect, take up the mantle of responsibility, and gather social experience. Next to the Mundenhof zoo grounds
1216-572: Is classified as ( Upper Rhenish ) Low Alemannic , and therefore most closely related to the other dialects of Baden north of Markgräflerland and south of Karlsruhe , to most dialects historically spoken in Alsace ( Alsatian ), and to Basel German . Freiburg was founded by Konrad and Duke Berthold III of the House of Zähringen in 1120 as a free market town; hence its name, which translates to "free (or independent) town". Frei means "free", and Burg , like
1292-418: Is decorated with statues and the coat of arms of four Habsburg emperors. The Altes Rathaus , or old city hall, was completed in 1559 and has a painted façade. The Platz der alten Synagoge "Old Synagogue Square" is one of the more important squares on the outskirts of the historic old city. The square was the location of a synagogue until it was destroyed on Kristallnacht in 1938. Zum Roten Bären ,
1368-399: Is the site of Freiburg's Münster , a gothic minster cathedral constructed of red sandstone, built between 1200 and 1530 and noted for its towering spire. The Historical Merchants' Hall ( Historisches Kaufhaus ), is a Late Gothic building on the south side of Freiburg's Münsterplatz . Built between 1520 and 1530, it was once the center of the financial life of the region. Its façade
1444-466: Is traversed by an extensive system of runnels called Bächle ( lit. small streams ), that are fed with water from the Dreisam and run on the side and sometimes in the middle of almost all streets and alleys, giving the city a unique touch. Freiburg has a high standard of living , and is known for its advanced environmental practices, which is embodied by projects like the creation of the sustainable district of Vauban . The dialect spoken in Freiburg
1520-445: Is very broad. There is music, art, theater, cabaret and sport in different tents and on open-air stages. According to the organizer it is the biggest and oldest music festival in Baden-Württemberg . Over the years, more than 600 regional and international artists offered a diverse program consisting of classic , jazz , rock , pop and world music , cabaret and children's program. Also, many newcomers have been promoted. What makes
1596-560: The Breisgau ; mostly called simply Freiburg ) is the fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart , Mannheim and Karlsruhe . Its built-up area has a population of about 355,000 (2021), while the greater Freiburg metropolitan area ("Einzugsgebiet") has about 660,000 (2018). Freiburg is located in Baden , at the southwestern foothills of the Black Forest , on
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#17328842637291672-545: The Augustiner Museum in 1921, it is now a popular social space for Freiburg's younger residents. It has a number of restaurants and bars, including the local brewery 'Feierling', which has a Biergarten . On warm summer nights, hundreds of students gather here. At the centre of the old city is the Münsterplatz or Cathedral Square, Freiburg's largest square . A farmers' market is held here every day except Sundays. This
1748-747: The Catholic University of Applied Sciences Freiburg , the International University of Cooperative Education IUCE, three Max Planck institutes , five Fraunhofer institutes , and one Leibniz institute . The city is home to the IES Abroad European Union program, which allows students to study the development and activities of the EU . This is in addition to an Environmental Science and Sustainability program focused on Freiburg's famed green lifestyle and infrastructure. IES Abroad also offers
1824-783: The Dreisam River, a tributary of the Elz . It is Germany's southwestern- and southernmost city with a population exceeding 100,000. It lies in the Breisgau , one of Germany's warmest regions, in the south of the Upper Rhine Plain . Its city limits reach from the Schauinsland summit (1,284 metres (4,213 ft)) in the Black Forest to 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the French border, while Switzerland
1900-713: The Kollegiengebäude II of the University of Freiburg , nowadays the Old Synagogue Square (with a spiegeltent ). For the festival in 1984, the three tents were placed in Eschholzpark near the Technical Town Hall . Since 1985, the tents have been set up outside of the city center in a local recreation area near the Mundenhof Zoo. Due to a lack of parking space, a 'combination ticket' was created together with
1976-552: The North Sea regions, and the Rhine and Danube rivers. In 1200, Freiburg's population numbered approximately 6,000 people. At about that time, under the rule of Bertold V , the last duke of Zähringen, the city began construction of its Freiburg Minster cathedral on the site of an older parish church. Begun in the Romanesque style, it was continued and completed 1513 for the most part as
2052-711: The Schlossbergbahn funicular railway connects the city centre to the hill. Other museums in the city include the Archaeology Colombischlössle Museum . Freiburg is bordered by the Black Forest mountains Rosskopf and Bromberg to the east, Schönberg and Tuniberg to the south, with the Kaiserstuhl hill region to the west. The Köppen climate classification classifies Freiburg's climate as temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). Thus, July and August are, along with Karlsruhe ,
2128-518: The University of Freiburg . In 1889, the city of Freiburg purchased a large part of the grounds for agricultural use. After that, the city also purchased a big area surrounding the Mundenhof to be used for the Freiburger Rieselfelder, a natural water purification plant, which was operated by people living in the Mundenhof . In 1920, this area had to be enlarged to 320 hectares. At that time it
2204-509: The plague had not yet broken out in the city, Jews were accused of having spread it and taken into custody. All Jews except pregnant women were burned alive on 31 January 1349. The remaining children were forced to be baptised. This pogrom left Jews very hesitant to resettle in the city. In 1401, the city council decreed a regulation banning all Jews from Freiburg (orig. Middle High German dialect: “daz dekein Jude ze Friburg niemmerme sin sol” [27]. This
2280-472: The "Zelt-Musik-Festival". In 2009, the festival attracted 34,000 visitors, in 2010 40,000 and in 2011 42,000 visitors. These days, the festival attracts around 40,000 visitors for the concerts and over 100,000 people who visit the general festival area. According to the organizers, in the first 30 years in the history of the festival, which includes 540 days of music, 2000 events attracted over 500,000 visitors. Altogether, over three million people have attended
2356-503: The Bishop of Strasbourg to death on 29 July 1299. It was a Pyrrhic victory , since henceforth the citizens of Freiburg had to pay an annual expiation of 300 marks in silver to the count of Freiburg until 1368. In 1366 the counts of Freiburg made another failed attempt to occupy the city during a night raid. Eventually the citizens were fed up with their lords, and in 1368 Freiburg purchased its independence from them. The city turned itself over to
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2432-585: The City Mayors Foundation. Politically, it is a longtime stronghold of the Alliance 90/The Greens , who have seen consistent success since the 1990s and have been the largest party on the city council since 2004. For many years, they performed more strongly in Freiburg than any other major city: former mayor Dieter Salomon , who served from 2002 to 2018, was the first member of the Greens to hold such an office in
2508-566: The Habsburg territories in the southwest of Germany. In 1805, the city, together with the Breisgau and Ortenau areas, became part of Baden . In 1827, when the Archdiocese of Freiburg was founded, Freiburg became the seat of a Catholic archbishop. Freiburg was heavily bombed during World War II . In May 1940 , aircraft of the Luftwaffe mistakenly dropped approximately 60 bombs on Freiburg near
2584-470: The Middle Ages such use could lead to harsh penalties. During the summer, the running water provides natural cooling of the air, and offers a pleasant gurgling sound. It is said that if one accidentally falls or steps into a Bächle , they will marry a Freiburger, or 'Bobbele'. The Augustinerplatz is one of the central squares in the old city. Formerly the location of an Augustinian monastery that became
2660-603: The Mundenhof estate is from 12 September 864. This document was a deed of gift , in which the owner, a priest named Rumolt, bequeaths the Muntichova estate unto the Abbey of Saint Gall for agricultural use. From 1294 to 1806, the "Mundenhof" estate belonged to the monastery of Günterstal. The monastery was abolished as a result of secularization, and the Mundenhof was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Baden , which in turn sold it in 1808 to
2736-652: The Younger and Gregorius Sickinger . In 1805, with the attack of Breisgau on the Grand Duchy of Baden by a Catholic ruler, many Protestants moved into the city. Since 2007, any Protestants who are not part of a 'free church' belong to the newly founded deanery of Freiburg as part of the parish of Südbaden which in itself is a part of the Landeskirche Baden. The seat of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden ,
2812-522: The beginning of the Thirty Years' War in 1618, its population numbered between 10,000 to 14,000; when it ended in 1648, only 2,000 remained. In August 1644, it was the site of the Battle of Freiburg , said to be the bloodiest battle of the war in terms of percentage of casualties. Between 1648 and 1805, when the city was not under French occupation it was the administrative headquarters of Further Austria ,
2888-412: The borders of the former province of Baden and the former Margraviate of Hohenzollern. The cathedral, in which the bishop resides, is Freiburg Minster . Also, part of the ecclesiastical province of Freiburg are the suffragan dioceses of Mainz and Rottenburg-Stuttgart . Until 1929, the dioceses of Limburg and Fulda also belonged to this ecclesiastical province. The Archbishop of Freiburg holds
2964-570: The citizens' freedom, after which the Freiburgers used catapults to destroy the count's castle atop the Schloßberg , a hill that overlooks the city center. The furious count called on his brother-in-law the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg , Conrad of Lichtenberg , for help. The bishop responded by marching with his army to Freiburg. According to an old Freiburg legend, a butcher named Hauri stabbed
3040-552: The city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Freiburg is a center of academia and research, in which numerous intellectual figures and Nobel Laureates have lived, worked, and taught. The city houses one of the oldest and most renowned of German universities, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , as well as its medical center . Home to some of
3116-578: The city before 1230, but it was only after 1230 that they supposedly founded an official community in the Webergasse (a small street within the town center). The counts of Freiburg bought the lucrative Schutzjude , which means that all personal information on Jews living in Freiburg was directly sent to Konrad II and his co-reigning son Friedrich. The two issued a comprising letter promising safety and liberty to all local Jews on 12 October 1338. It lost all value shortly after, however, on 1 January 1349. Although
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3192-470: The city's first witch-hunt . The need to find a scapegoat for calamities such as the Black Plague , which claimed 2,000 area residents (25% of the city population) in 1564, led to an escalation in witch-hunting that reached its peak in 1599. A plaque on the old city wall marks the spot where burnings were carried out. The seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries were turbulent times for Freiburg. At
3268-429: The concerts in the circus tent and the spiegeltent , the ZMF traditionally offers free concerts in the "Fürstenbergzelt", at the open-air stage and at several places around the festival area. Part of that offer is a daily cabaret program. At the 2015 festival, an artist caused the festival's first scandal: Lindsey Stirling cancelled her concert, stage time 8 p.m., at 5.30 p.m. due to the heat. She refused to accept
3344-479: The concerts of 22,000 artists. American jazz clarinettist Perry Robinson has attended every festival since 1988, which is why some people call him the "Soul of the Festival". In 2014, he was honored with the gala night at the festival on the occasion of his 75th birthday. In 2015, twelve concerts were sold out before the festival started, one of them was the opening gig, where Andreas Bourani performed . Besides
3420-458: The dawn of the Renaissance was a time of both advances and tragedy for Freiburg. In 1457, Albrecht VI , Regent of Further Austria , established Albert-Ludwigs-Universität , one of Germany's oldest universities. In 1498, Emperor Maximilian I held a Reichstag in Freiburg. In 1520, the city ratified a set of legal reforms, widely considered the most progressive of the time. The aim was to find
3496-442: The diverse offer of music genres. Alexander Heisler, Uli Homann and Rolf Böhme (the mayor of Freiburg at the time) founded the festival in 1983 as a continuation of "Klassik & Jazz" (Classic & Jazz), a series of events that were organized in the 1970s at the University of Freiburg . The first festival (1983) took place on the (Old) Trade Fair Square in Freiburg (with the catering and circus tents ) and right in front of
3572-521: The festival unique is that the admission is free. Visitors can enter the two large tents—he circus tent and the spiegeltent —and two additional open-air tents as well as one stage in one of the tents. On these stages there are free all-day concerts, art and youth-culture events. Since 2008, the ZMF has been working with the Jugend-Bildungswerk's program called Youngstars in Action. The ZMF is famous for
3648-569: The firm the first year. Between 2012 and 2014, visitor numbers stabilized. Since 2017, Vaddi Concerts GmbH, managed by Marc Oßwald, and the Zelt-Musik-Festival GmbH have been entrusted with the realization of the ZMF Freiburg. Artists and bands like Jethro Tull , Hannes Wader , Juliette Gréco , Gregory Porter , James Brown , Loriot or Ten Years After, but also Sasha, Fettes Brot , Katzenjammer , Annett Louisan or Juli performed at
3724-399: The following extreme values: Freiburg is known as an "eco-city". In June 1995, the Freiburg city council adopted a resolution that it would permit construction only of " low-energy buildings " on municipal land, and all new buildings must comply with certain low energy specifications. The neighbourhoods of Vauban and Rieselfeld were developed and built in the late 1990s in accordance with
3800-652: The greatest minds of the West , including such eminent figures as Johann Eck , Max Weber , Edmund Husserl , Martin Heidegger , and Friedrich Hayek , it is one of Europe's top research and teaching institutions. Freiburg also plays host to various other educational and research institutes, such as the Freiburg University of Education, the Protestant University for Applied Sciences Freiburg , Freiburg Music Academy ,
3876-523: The grounds of the Mundenhof estate were part of the township of Umkirch , though it technically belonged to the city of Freiburg. On the January 1, 1978, it became fully integrated into the city of Freiburg as a result of a referendum among the residents. In return, Umkirch was given a smaller area, called Lehen [ de ] , to the west of the nearby motorway, the A5. In 1968, the grounds were converted to
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#17328842637293952-570: The households in this small community. Because of its scenic beauty, relatively warm and sunny climate, and easy access to the Black Forest , Freiburg is a hub for regional tourism . In 2010, Freiburg was voted as the Academy of Urbanism's European City of the Year in recognition of the exemplary sustainable urbanism it has implemented over the past several decades. The longest cable car run in Germany, which
4028-577: The intervention of police or fire department. Male, wealthy, Jewish citizens were kidnapped and taken to concentration camps (in Buchenwald and Dachau ) where they were subjected to forced labor or executed and their money and property stolen. Zelt-Musik-Festival The Zelt-Musik-Festival ( ZMF ) has taken place every June and July since 1983 in Freiburg im Breisgau , Germany. It lasts three weeks and counts up to 120,000 visitors each year. The program
4104-509: The modern English word " borough ", was used in those days for an incorporated city or town, usually one with some degree of autonomy. The German word Burg also means "a fortified town", as in Hamburg . Thus, it is likely that the name of this place means a "fortified town of free citizens". This town was strategically located at a junction of trade routes between the Mediterranean Sea and
4180-421: The more than one hundred events of the action program. During those events, 570 young artists were promoted. The concert "Im Auftrag der Liebe" by Dieter Thomas Kuhn, which took place on 16 July 2016 in the circus tent , went on sale on 11 August 2015 and was already sold out on the same day at 5:20 p.m. This was the first time an artist had given two concerts in one year at the ZMF, and both were sold out in
4256-412: The oldest hotel in Germany, is located along Oberlinden near the Swabian Gate. The Siegesdenkmal , or victory monument, is a monument to the German victory in the Franco-Prussian War in 1871. It is situated at the northern edge of the historic city center of Freiburg and was built by Karl Friedrich Moest . In everyday language of people living in Freiburg, it serves as an orientation marker or as
4332-417: The organizers of the ZMF had to file for insolvency because of, among other things, low ticket sales. Since 2007, the ZMF has been organized by the Zelt-Musik-Festival GmbH. This company was founded by ZMF founding father, Alexander Heisler, together with Andreas Schnitzler, Dieter Pfaff and Alexander Hanusch and is owned to one third by KOKO & DTK Entertainment GmbH. Alexander Hanusch and Marc Oßwald managed
4408-437: The original building and the Jewish community which perished. The pavements of Freiburg carry memorials to individual victims, in the form of brass plates outside their former residences. There was a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust ) in the city. It was occupied by the French Army on 21 April 1945, and Freiburg was soon allotted to the French Zone of Occupation . In December 1945 Freiburg became
4484-421: The principles of sustainability . The city is also home to a branch of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection , as well as solar industry and research. The citizens of Freiburg are known in Germany for their love of cycling and recycling . Freiburg is host to a number of international organisations , in particular, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, International Solar Energy Society , and
4560-400: The proposal to postpone the concert for a few hours. In her place, Manuel Dubrinski, the first violinist of the Philharmonic Orchestra Freiburg, performed at the festival. In the big circus tent , 18 events took place in 19 days. In the spiegeltent , it was 30 events, 14 of which—excluding the Club Nights—were sold out. A total of 350 artists participated in the main program and 830 artists in
4636-441: The protection of the Habsburgs , who allowed the city to retain a large measure of freedom. Most of the nobles of the city died in the battle of Sempach (1386). The patrician family Schnewlin took control of the city until the guildsmen revolted. The guilds became more powerful than the patricians by 1389. The silver mines in Mount Schauinsland provided an important source of capital for Freiburg. This silver made Freiburg one of
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#17328842637294712-437: The public transport network of Freiburg ( Freiburger Verkehrs AG ), allowing the entrance ticket for the ZMF to also act as a ticket for public transport. By doing this, ZMF has to be one of the pioneers in environmental protection at such events. The event organizers were facing major financial problems in the 1990s. On 22 September 2006—he year that the FIFA World Cup was taking place in Germany—the sponsoring association and
4788-482: The railway station, killing 57 people, most of them civilians and including 22 children. This was reported by the official German news agency as an attack by the Western Allies, and retaliation against them was threatened. The Freiburg police commander subsequently established that the bombs were German, but the full story was not published until many years later. On 27 November 1944, a raid by more than 300 bombers of RAF Bomber Command ( Operation Tigerfish ) destroyed
4864-415: The remaining Baden and Freiburg Jews were transferred to Auschwitz in German-occupied Poland , where almost all were murdered. A living memorial has been created in the form of the 'footprint' in marble on the site of the city's original synagogue , which was burned down on 9 November 1938, during the pogrom known as Kristallnacht . The memorial is a fountain and contains a bronze plaque commemorating
4940-428: The richest cities in Europe, and in 1327 Freiburg minted its own coin, the Rappenpfennig . In 1377 the cities of Freiburg, Basel , Colmar , and Breisach entered into a monetary alliance known as the Genossenschaft des Rappenpfennigs (Rappenpfennig Collective). This alliance facilitated commerce among the cities and lasted until the end of the sixteenth century. There were 8,000–9,000 people living in Freiburg between
5016-435: The seat of government for the German state of Baden , which was merged into Baden-Württemberg in 1952. The French Army maintained a presence in Freiburg until 1991, when the last French Army division left the city, and left Germany. On the site of the former French Army base, a new neighborhood for 5,000 people, Vauban , began in the late 1990s as a "sustainable model district". Solar power provides electricity to many of
5092-429: The surrounding land ruled by the Margrave of Baden became Protestant as a result of the Reformation. The city was part of the Diocese of Konstanz until 1821. That same year, Freiburg became an episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Freiburg . Due to a dispute between the government of Baden and the Holy See , the archbishop officially took office in 1827. The borders of the archdiocese correspond with
5168-403: The surrounding land. There is also a restaurant on the grounds of the Mundenhof, called the Hofwirtschaft. Next to the restaurant is a playground. A further attraction are the storks that nest on the Mundenhof grounds. Their nests are further off, but can easily be observed through binoculars. The zoo is open 24/7. There is no entrance fee, since the zoo is financed by donations, but a parking fee
5244-418: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and 30 churches and monasteries. At the end of the fourteenth century the veins of silver were dwindling, and by 1460 only approximately 6,000 people still lived within Freiburg's city walls . A university city, Freiburg evolved from its focus on mining to become a cultural centre for the arts and sciences. It was also a commercial center. The end of the Middle Ages and
5320-459: The title of metropolitan and the German headquarters of the link to Caritas Germany is in Freiburg. Saint George (the flag of Freiburg has the cross of George), Lambert of Maastricht and the catacomb saint, Alexander , are the patron saints of Freiburg. Many works of art depicting these saints are in the Freiburg Minster, on the Minster square, just as in the museums and archives of the city, including some by Hans Baldung Grien , Hans Holbein
5396-405: The warmest within Germany. Winters are moderate but usually with some frosts at night. More year-round rain occurs here than in the Rhine plateau. The city is close to the Kaiserstuhl , a range of hills of volcanic origin located a few kilometers away, which is one of the warmest places in Germany and therefore considered as a viticultural area. The Freiburg im Breisgau weather station has recorded
5472-520: Was changed into a model ecological farm. This farm covers the demands of all the straw and food for the animals in the enclosure. In 1991, part of the Rieselfelder became the new district of Rieselfeld , covering 18 hectares. Another area was turned into the Rieselfeld nature conservation area [ de ] , which is situated between Rieselfeld and the Mundenhof estate. Until December 31, 1977,
5548-692: Was founded. Domesticated species from all over the world and some undomesticated species can now be seen at the Mundenhof. A top priority of the Mundenhof zoo is to care for and display endangered domesticated species. The open-air exhibition ground is divided into eight sections, each of which are host to various species specific to particular continents. The zoo is home to peacocks , gibbons , crab-eating macaques , emus , ostriches , alpacas , yaks , llamas , and many other species. About 30 different species and about 180 individual animals can be observed. The Verein der Aquarien- und Terrarienfreunde e.V. (Friends‘ association of aquariums and terrariums) converted
5624-572: Was incorporated in the early 12th century and soon became a commercial, intellectual and ecclesiastical center for the Upper Rhine region. The University of Freiburg ( Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg ), founded in 1457, is one of Germany's oldest universities. Freiburg's main landmark is the Freiburg Minster ( Freiburger Münster ), which was built between c. 1200 and 1513 and has been described as "Gothic architectural masterpiece". The old town
5700-494: Was officially reaffirmed by King Sigismund with a ban for life (orig. German: “Ewige Vertreibung”) in 1424. Not until 1809 were Jews again allowed permanent residence within the city. They subsequently founded a Jewish community in 1836. At the Kristallnacht in 1938, the synagogue, built in 1870, was set afire. Numerous shops and apartments of Jewish citizens of Freiburg were devastated and plundered by National Socialists without
5776-415: Was one of the biggest farms in Baden-Württemberg . In its heyday, it had 400 cows that produced about 400,000 liters of milk. Additionally, pig breeding and crop production were another means of making a living on the Mundenhof . In 1985, the water purification plant was stopped, and the Mundenhof lost one source of revenue. This and price deterioration made the farm uneconomical, so in order to survive, it
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