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28-426: Access to Fossil Ridge Park on the community's west side used to be blocked by Mulholland Estates security guards. However, since 2011, members of the public are allowed to drive or walk on Westpark Road, which is inside Mulholland Estates, to have access to the park. However, parking on Westpark Road is not allowed. The community was developed by Kenneth Kai Chang , with Chang, Alfred E. Mann and Robert A. Sandler as

56-587: A semiconductor company, that became a major supplier of solar cells for spacecraft . Among other accomplishments during his tenure, Mann's companies provided the electric power for over 100 spacecraft and constructed one of the lunar experiments. Although he sold both companies to Textron in 1960 (merged into one, Spectrolab is now a subsidiary of Boeing Satellite Systems ), he continued to manage them until 1972. After he left those companies to found Pacesetter Systems , which focused on cardiac pacemakers, he sold that company in 1985 and managed it until 1992. It

84-506: A machine. The machine heats up and cools down at various temperatures to break the hydrogen bonds binding the DNA and allows the nucleotide bases to be added onto the two DNA templates after it has been separated. Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to identify similar DNA between two unknown samples of DNA. This process is done by first preparing an agarose gel. This jelly-like sheet will have wells for DNA to be poured into. An electric current

112-530: A reaction. Hemoglobins are also proteins, carrying oxygen to an organism's cells. Lipids , also known as fats, are small molecules derived from biochemical subunits from either the ketoacyl or isoprene groups. Creating eight distinct categories: fatty acids , glycerolipids , glycerophospholipids , sphingolipids , saccharolipids , and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits). Their primary purpose

140-501: A substantial monetary gift to his alma mater to fund a bioengineering institute. However, the donation failed over Mann's desire to retain control over patents and patent revenues generated by the institute. The $ 162 million gift eventually went to USC, a private institution that agreed to his terms. On March 16, 2007, Purdue University received a $ 100 million endowment from the Mann Foundation for Biomedical Engineering. The endowment

168-406: Is glucose , C 6 H 12 O 6 , is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate , which supplies cells with energy. Proteins are chains of amino acids that function, among other things, to contract skeletal muscle, as catalysts, as transport molecules, and as storage molecules. Protein catalysts can facilitate biochemical processes by lowering the activation energy of

196-661: Is $ 162 million since then. The Alfred Mann Foundation for Biomedical Engineering is charged with selecting, establishing and overseeing the institutes, similar to AMI at USC and at other research universities. Mann was a Life Trustee of the University of Southern California. Founded in 1985, the Alfred Mann Foundation has several core aims. It aims to work with scientists and research organizations to find bionic solutions for people suffering from debilitating medical impairments. As an alumnus of UCLA , he tried to make

224-442: Is applied so that the DNA, which is negatively charged due to its phosphate groups is attracted to the positive electrode. Different rows of DNA will move at different speeds because some DNA pieces are larger than others. Thus if two DNA samples show a similar pattern on the gel electrophoresis, one can tell that these DNA samples match. Macromolecule blotting is a process performed after gel electrophoresis. An alkaline solution

252-514: Is based on molecular biology and combines all issues of developing molecular medicine into large-scale structural and functional relationships of the human genome , transcriptome , proteome , physiome and metabolome with the particular point of view of devising new technologies for prediction, diagnosis and therapy. Biomedicine involves the study of ( patho -) physiological processes with methods from biology and physiology . Approaches range from understanding molecular interactions to

280-460: Is because biomedicine reflects the norms and values of its creators. Molecular biology is the process of synthesis and regulation of a cell's DNA, RNA, and protein. Molecular biology consists of different techniques including Polymerase chain reaction, Gel electrophoresis, and macromolecule blotting to manipulate DNA. Polymerase chain reaction is done by placing a mixture of the desired DNA, DNA polymerase , primers , and nucleotide bases into

308-399: Is described somewhat differently. Through an anthropological lens biomedicine extends beyond the realm of biology and scientific facts; it is a socio-cultural system which collectively represents reality. While biomedicine is traditionally thought to have no bias due to the evidence-based practices, Gaines & Davis-Floyd (2004) highlight that biomedicine itself has a cultural basis and this

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336-451: Is now a part of St. Jude Medical . Mann then went on to establish MiniMed ( insulin pumps and continuous glucose devices, now owned by Medtronic ) and Advanced Bionics ( neuroprosthetics , now focused on cochlear implants and owned by Sonova , while its pain management and other neural stimulation products are now owned by Boston Scientific ). At the time of his death, Mann was involved in several companies, including: In June 2014,

364-501: Is or has been home to many celebrities such as Christina Aguilera , Paris Hilton , Kendall Jenner , DJ Khaled , Adrienne Maloof , Tyler Perry , Charlie Sheen and Robbie Williams . 34°08′06″N 118°26′19″W  /  34.13500°N 118.43861°W  / 34.13500; -118.43861 This Los Angeles –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alfred E. Mann Alfred E. Mann (1925 – February 25, 2016), also known as Al Mann ,

392-415: Is prepared in a container. A sponge is placed into the solution and an agarose gel is placed on top of the sponge. Next, nitrocellulose paper is placed on top of the agarose gel and a paper towels are added on top of the nitrocellulose paper to apply pressure. The alkaline solution is drawn upwards towards the paper towel. During this process, the DNA denatures in the alkaline solution and is carried upwards to

420-509: Is the cornerstone of modern health care and laboratory diagnostics . It concerns a wide range of scientific and technological approaches: from in vitro diagnostics to in vitro fertilisation , from the molecular mechanisms of cystic fibrosis to the population dynamics of the HIV virus , from the understanding of molecular interactions to the study of carcinogenesis , from a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to gene therapy . Biomedicine

448-469: Is the science of the chemical processes which takes place within living organisms. Living organisms need essential elements to survive, among which are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. These elements make up the four macromolecules that living organisms need to survive: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates , made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are energy-storing molecules. The simplest carbohydrate

476-432: Is to store energy over the long term. Due to their unique structure, lipids provide more than twice the amount of energy that carbohydrates do. Lipids can also be used as insulation. Moreover, lipids can be used in hormone production to maintain a healthy hormonal balance and provide structure to cell membranes. Nucleic acids are a key component of DNA, the main genetic information-storing substance, found oftentimes in

504-540: The Technion known as AMIT ($ 104 million) are business incubators for medical device development in preparation for commercialization . The Institutes are essentially fully funded. Three other universities were in late stage discussions as of 2006. AMI was founded in 1998 when Alfred Mann made his first $ 100 million gift to USC, a major private research university in Los Angeles . The total gifted endowment for AMI/USC

532-459: The "primary investors". Chang had planned to build a "luxury restaurant" on Mulholland Drive as well as "100 condominiums and 29 single-family homes", but decided to build 95 luxury homes instead. Fred Sands acted as the original real estate agent. When it was under construction in 1988, it was described as "one of the Valley's biggest and most brash housing developments" by The Los Angeles Times . It

560-606: The US Food and Drug Administration approved MannKind Corporation 's application for a unique inhalable insulin (Afrezza) for the treatment of diabetes . Mannkind subsequently licensed the device to a French pharmaceutical company, Sanofi , for US$ 925 million. Mann was chairman of the board of MannKind Corporation, a biomedical company, where he also served as chief executive officer until January 12, 2015. In November 2015, Hakan Edstrom stepped down as CEO and president and will remain until July, 2017 to provide other services for

588-656: The company. Mann again stepped in as interim CEO. Mann also served on the board of directors and was the largest investor in Eclipse Aviation Mann was one of the main investors in the development of Mulholland Estates , a gated community in Los Angeles. Mann established Alfred E. Mann Institutes for Biomedical Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC), known as AMI/USC ($ 162 million); at Purdue University known as AMI/Purdue ($ 100 million); and at

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616-729: The dominant system of medicine in the Western world for more than a century. It includes many biomedical disciplines and areas of specialty that typically contain the "bio-" prefix such as molecular biology , biochemistry , biotechnology , cell biology , embryology , nanobiotechnology , biological engineering , laboratory medical biology , cytogenetics , genetics , gene therapy , bioinformatics , biostatistics , systems biology , neuroscience , microbiology , virology , immunology , parasitology , physiology , pathology , anatomy , toxicology , and many others that generally concern life sciences as applied to medicine . Biomedicine

644-409: The nitrocellulose paper. The paper is then placed into a plastic bag and filled with a solution full of the DNA fragments, called the probe, found in the desired sample of DNA. The probes anneal to the complementary DNA of the bands already found on the nitrocellulose sample. Afterwards, probes are washed off and the only ones present are the ones that have annealed to complementary DNA on the paper. Next

672-414: The paper is stuck onto an x ray film. The radioactivity of the probes creates black bands on the film, called an autoradiograph. As a result, only similar patterns of DNA to that of the probe are present on the film. This allows us the compare similar DNA sequences of multiple DNA samples. The overall process results in a precise reading of similarities in both similar and different DNA sample. Biochemistry

700-426: The study of the consequences at the in vivo level. These processes are studied with the particular point of view of devising new strategies for diagnosis and therapy . Depending on the severity of the disease, biomedicine pinpoints a problem within a patient and fixes the problem through medical intervention. Medicine focuses on curing diseases rather than improving one's health. In social sciences biomedicine

728-794: Was Susan Kendall; they divorced in 1997. In 2004, he married his fourth wife, Claude Mann. Mann died on February 25, 2016, of natural causes in Las Vegas , Nevada at the age of 90. Biomedical Biomedicine (also referred to as Western medicine , mainstream medicine or conventional medicine ) is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice . Biomedicine stresses standardized, evidence-based treatment validated through biological research, with treatment administered via formally trained doctors, nurses, and other such licensed practitioners. Biomedicine also can relate to many other categories in health and biological related fields. It has been

756-478: Was an American physicist , inventor , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . Mann was born and raised to a Jewish family in Portland, Oregon . His father was a grocer who emigrated from England; his mother a pianist and singer who immigrated from Poland . In 1956, Mann founded Spectrolab , the first of his aerospace companies. While at Spectrolab, an electro optical systems company, he also founded Heliotek ,

784-549: Was the largest research gift ever at the university and created the Alfred Mann Institute at Purdue. However, AMI Purdue was closed and the unspent portion of the $ 100 million endowment from the MANN Foundation was rescinded in early 2012. Mann was married four times and had seven children. His first wife was Beverly Mann. They divorced in 1957 His second wife was Linda Mann. They divorced in 1973. His third wife

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