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19-594: Mstislav Mstislavich was the son of Mstislav Rostislavich ("the Brave") of Smolensk by a princess of Ryazan ; his grandfather was Rostislav I of Kiev . In 1193 and 1203, Mstislav was commended for his bravery in the Kipchak wars, bringing him fame all over Kievan Rus'. At that time, he married Maria, a daughter of the Kipchak Khan Kotyan . In 1209, he was mentioned as a ruler of Toropets . A year later, he came and took

38-669: A coalition of perhaps 18 princes, which, along with Cuman (Polovtsian) allies, pursued the Mongols from the Dnieper River for nine days and joined battle with them at the Kalka River . While three princes were captured and later killed at the battle site, and six more were killed in headlong pursuit back to the Dnieper River, Mstislav is the only prince specifically named among the nine or so who escaped. He managed to escape by cutting loose

57-457: Is buried in the crypt below the cathedral.) The Hypatian (Ipatevskaia) Chronicle called Mstislav the "Jewel" (украшение) of the Russian princes, saying that he warred only for glory, despised gold and silver, gave all his booty to the church and was universally loved. Mstislav's son, Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy (The Daring), born by his first wife, was one of the most important princes of Rus' in

76-610: The Novgorodian throne, seizing Sviatoslav Vsevolodovich 's men (Sviatoslav himself was detained in the archbishop's compound in Novgorod). On his way to Novgorod, Mstislav delivered the key town of Torzhok from a siege laid to it by Vsevolod III of Vladimir . He led two successful Novgorodian campaigns against the Chudes in 1212 and 1214. In 1215, he expelled Vsevolod IV from Kiev and elevated his uncle Mstislav Romanovich to

95-525: The 13th century they finally won, but Toropets mentioned as independent in 1231, and again in 1239, when Alexander Nevsky had his wedding in Toropets, and in 1248. In 1253, Toropets already belonged to the duchy of Lithuania and was used as a base for attacks on adjacent lands. After the 1250s, Toropets was not mentioned in the chronicles, though the geography of Lithuanian attacks shows that in 1285 it still belonged to Lithuania. Chronicles mention that Toropets

114-563: The Rostislavichi leave the city and return it to Andrey's branch of the family. In reply, Mstislav shaved the head and beard of an envoy and sent him back to Andrey, an act which was not only a sign of disrespect, but may also be seen as a forcible tonsure of the man. It was also in violation of the law as the Russkaya Pravda set a fine of 12 grivnas for shaving a man's beard. For this offense, Andrey attacked Mstislav and besieged him in

133-706: The boats on the Dnieper River so he could not be pursued. During the interventions carried out by Leszek the White in the Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia he took part in the Polish-Hungarian-Ruthenian War of 1219—1221, but suffered defeat in the Polish-Ruthenian War (1224), where Leszek the White 's forces defeated him in battle. Mstislav reigned in Galicia until 1227, when boyar intrigues constrained him to leave

152-554: The city to his son-in-law, Andrew of Hungary . Thereupon he retired to Torchesk , where he died in 1228. He was the maternal grandfather of Prince Alexander Nevsky , Prince of Novgorod , Grand Prince of Kiev and Grand Prince of Vladimir . He also was the maternal grandfather of prince Leo I of Galicia , who became Grand Prince of Kiev . He married a daughter of Kotyan and had issue: Mstislav Rostislavich Mstislav Rostislavich ( c.  1143 ? – 1180), known as "The Brave" ( Russian : Мстислав Ростиславич Храбрый ),

171-587: The decades before the Mongol Invasion, and one of the few to escape from the Battle of Kalka River alive. Mstislav Rostislavich also had two sons by his second wife: Vladimir Mstislavich of Pskov  [ et ] and David. In literature, Mstislav is addressed by the narrator in The Tale of Igor's Campaign along with his brother Roman, when the narrator calls on the great princes of Rus to band together to fight

190-513: The end of the 13th century, the principality, though not particularly significant, became a buffer state between the Principality of Smolensk, the Novgorod Republic , and the duchy of Lithuania. In the beginning of the 13th century, Lithuanians repeatedly attempted to annex the principality, and in 1225/26 even Davyd, the prince of Toropets, was killed in battle. It is not exactly known when in

209-638: The nomadic invaders. Mstislav, however, had been dead six years before Igor's campaign took place, so the call to arms would have gone unheeded. Mstislav's brothers, Riurik and David are also addressed in an earlier stanza of the poem. Mstislav is, as Georgii (his baptismal name) a canonized saint of the Russian Orthodox Church . His feast day is 14 OS/27 June NS. His remains were uncovered in 1634 and found to be incorrupt. Principality of Toropets (1167-1226) (1231-~1250) The Principality of Toropets ( Russian : Торопецкое княжество )

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228-685: The throne. In 1216, Mstislav mustered a large coalition of princes of Rus' which defeated Vladimir-Suzdal in the Battle of Lipitsa . After that, he installed his ally Konstantin of Rostov as Grand Prince of Vladimir and married his own daughter to Yaroslav of Suzdal , who had fortified himself in Torzhok. In the meantime, his other enemies had him deposed in Novgorod, and Mstislav had to abandon northern Rus' for Galicia . In 1219, he concluded peace with his chief rival, Daniel of Galicia , who thereupon married Mstislav's daughter Anna. In 1223, Mstislav joined

247-550: The town of Vyshgorod for nine weeks but was unable to take him or the city. In 1179, Mstislav was elected prince of Novgorod (his older brothers, Roman, Sviatoslav, and David had also been chosen princes of Novgorod) and entered the city on 1 November 1179. He led the Novgorodians against the Chud (Finnic tribes in modern-day Russia or Estonia) during the winter of 1179–1180, but fell ill the following spring and died on 14 June 1180. He

266-450: Was Prince of Smolensk and Prince of Novgorod . Mstislav was the fourth of five sons (and the eighth of nine children) of Rostislav Mstislavich , who was briefly Grand Prince of Kiev in 1167. Mstislav himself married twice; his first wife was a daughter of Iaroslav Iziaslavich of Volynia (and later Grand Prince of Kiev), while his second wife, whom he married sometime before 1176, was a daughter of Gleb Rostislavich of Riazan. Mstislav

285-528: Was Prince of Belgorod in 1161 and again from 1171 to 1173, Prince of Toropets since 1167, and Prince of Smolensk from 1175 to 1177. In 1168, he was one of thirteen princes of Rus' who, under Grand Prince Mstislav Iziaslavich , defeated the Polovtsy in a major battle on the steppe. The following year, he and his brother Roman along with the son of Andrey Bogolyubsky , besieged Novgorod the Great but Bogolyubsky's army

304-608: Was a Russian principality or duchy , which existed between 1167 and the 14th century. It was established as a principality dependent on the Principality of Smolensk and was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . The capital of the principality was Toropets . In terms of modern administrative division of Russia, the area of the principality is split between the Tver (western part), Pskov and Novgorod (southern parts) oblasts. Toropets

323-714: Was buried following a divine liturgy presided over by Archbishop Ilya of Novgorod, the hegumens of the Novgorodian monasteries, and the Novgorodian clergy; his remains now lie in a gypsum sarcophagus along the south wall of the Chapel of the Nativity of the Mother of God in the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Novgorod the Great across the chapel from Bishop St. Nikita. (Mstislav Rostislavich of Rostov

342-516: Was defeated in battle . In 1171, Mstislav and his brothers helped place their uncle, Vladimir Mstislavich of Dorogobuzh, on the Kievan throne, although he was soon deposed. In 1172 and 1173, Mstislav also helped his brothers, Roman Rostislavich and then Rurik , take the throne in Kiev (indeed, Riurik sat on the Kievan throne seven times). In 1174, Andrey Bogolyubsky sent an ambassador to Kiev to demand that

361-420: Was first mentioned in chronicles in 1074, when it belonged to the Principality of Smolensk and was the second important town of the principality. Before 1167, Toropets was given to Mstislav the Brave , and thus the Principality of Toropets was established, which was formally subordinate to the Principality of Smolensk. All the subsequent Princes of Toropets mentioned in sources were descendants of Mstislav. In

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