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48-549: The Mrassu freezes from mid-November to April. The water flow at Myski averages at 155 square meters per second (1668 ft/sec) every year with a minimum of 24.4 m/sec (262 ft/sec) in February and a maximum of 694 m/sec (7470 ft/sec) in May. This Kemerovo Oblast location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Siberia

96-635: A 2012 survey 34.1% of the population of Kemerovo Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 7% declares to be nondenominational Christian (excluding the Protestant churches), 3% are members of Rodnovery , the Slavic folk religion, 1% are either believers of Orthodox Christianity not belonging to any church or members of other (non-Russian) Orthodox churches , 1% are Muslims , 5.9% are followers of other religion or people who did not give an answer to

144-602: A better living as hunters. However, they lived in squalid conditions. The use of nettle-fibre or wild hemp for clothing, primitive implements, and techniques continued on towards the 20th century. The Shors were little affected by the Russian Revolution and its civil war until the Bolsheviks took the region in 1920. In 1929, the Shor National Region was formed but was quickly dissolved in 1939. The okrug (district)

192-407: A children's home in 1921–22 in the village of Kabyrza. Within ten years, the number of schools in the region increased. Libraries and clubs were opened to abolish illiteracy. By 1932, a college to train teachers had 300 students including 70 native Shor speakers. By 1936, 114 schools (100 primary and 14 secondary) existed in the area. The use of Shor in the 1920s and the rising educational standards of

240-536: A language of instruction in schools in 1943. The teacher's college was closed while Shor intellectuals were repressed or killed fighting in the Great Patriotic War . The post-war period proved stagnant for Shor intellectual culture. The resurgence of the Shor identity beginning in the 1980s has led to a revival in traditional Shor culture and the establishment of new educational programs for native teachers, students, and

288-624: A mountain range in the Kemerovo Oblast in 1994. During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kemerovo CPSU Committee (who in reality had the highest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After the abolition of Article 6 of

336-614: A people formed as a result of a long process of intermixing between Turkic , Ugric , Samoyedic , and Ket -speaking tribes. Their culture and origins are similar to those of the northern Altaians and some of the ethnic groups of the Khakas . An ancient Turkic legend recorded in the Chinese annal ( Book of Zhou 周書, 636 CE) mentions the origin of the Göktürks' ancestors from a possession or state named Suǒ (索國; MC : * sak̚-kwək̚ ), located "north of

384-400: A result the man he created was nothing more than a lifeless husk. He then set out on a journey in search of a soul and left a hairless dog to protect man in his absence. Erlik saw his chance and made his way to the man. The dog refused to let him pass but Erlik made a deal with the dog. If the dog lets him pass, he'll give him fur. Erlik passed and the dog's body grew fur. Erlik proceeded towards

432-652: A revival starting in the late 1980s and is considered a vital part of modern Shor identity. The Shors were mainly engaged in hunting , fishing , some primitive farming , and pine nut picking. Blacksmithing and iron ore mining and melting were also important (hence, the name "Blacksmithing Tatars"). The lifestyle of the Shors changed significantly following the October Revolution of 1917. Most became farmers, cattle-breeders, or industrial workers. The Shors were able to retain much of their ancient clan structure over

480-606: A valuable asset to the Yenisei Kirghiz and Oirats as suppliers of ironware. Their ability to smelt iron from ore was a feat that only one other indigenous Siberian people (the Yakuts ) were able to achieve before the Russian advance into the area. In the early 17th century, the Shors and their territory were conquered by the Russians. In the 18th century, Russian settlers began to move in to

528-489: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo Oblast ( Russian : Ке́меровская о́бласть , romanized :  Kemerovskaya oblast' , IPA: [ˈkʲemʲɪrəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ kʊzˈbas] ), also known as Kuzbass ( Russian : Кузба́сс ), after the Kuznetsk Basin , is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast ). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of

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576-657: Is located in southwestern Siberia , where the West Siberian Plain meets the South Siberian Mountains . The oblast, which covers an area of 95,500 square kilometers (36,900 sq mi), shares a border with Tomsk Oblast in the north, Krasnoyarsk Krai and the Republic of Khakassia in the east, the Altai Republic in the south, and with Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai in the west. Verkhny Zub peak,

624-823: Is Шор (tr. Shor ). They were also called Kuznetskie Tatars (кузнецкие татары), Kondoma Tatars (кондомские татары), Mras-Su Tatars (мрасские татары) in some of the documents of the 17th and 18th centuries. Most Shors live in the Tom basin along the Kondoma and Mras-Su Rivers . This region is historically called Mountainous Shoria . The Shors also live in Khakassia and Altai Republic . According to 2002 census , there were 13,975 Shors in Russia (12,601 in 1926, 16,042 in 1939, 14,938 in 1959, 15,950 in 1970, 15,182 in 1979 and 15,745 in 1989). The Shors speak their own Shor language . The Shors as

672-653: The Great Patriotic War , Kemerovo region became a major supplier of coal and metal. From Novokuznetsk steel produced over 50,000 tanks and 45,000 aircraft. In Kuzbass from the occupied areas were evacuated equipment 71 enterprises, most of which have remained in the Kuzbass. In January 26, 1943, the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet issued a decree, decided to allocate from the Novosibirsk Oblast of Kuzbass and

720-670: The Listvyazhnaya mine disaster took place, in which many people were trapped. A minor planet 2140 Kemerovo discovered in 1970 by Soviet astronomer Tamara Mikhailovna Smirnova is named after Kemerovo Oblast. Population : 2,600,923 ( 2021 Census ) ; 2,763,135 ( 2010 Census ) ; 2,899,142 ( 2002 Census ) ; 3,176,335 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.26 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 67.61 years (male — 62.80, female — 72.37) Ethnic composition (2010): As of

768-436: The 1980s led to a Shor cultural revival and the establishment of many cultural and linguistic institutions (like the creation of The Association of Shor People in the 1990s). However, the Shors still face many issues. Many Shors do not know their native language and show indifference to their traditional culture. Illness, discrimination, environmental racism , high death rates but low birth rates, drug and alcohol addiction, and

816-506: The Altai-Sayan region in the 13th century added another layer of cultural influence over the local population and their languages. The region subsequently fell under the influence of the Oirats from the late 14th century to the early 17th century. Although Mongol control of the area was nominal, many of the languages (including Shor) contains significant amounts of Mongol loanwords. The Shors were

864-752: The Constitution of the USSR in March 1990, the CPSU lost its monopoly on power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Kemerovo Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Kemerovo Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising

912-567: The Earth and Erlik climbed down the hole to the underworld. The Shors traditionally believed that the universe was divided into three levels which were: All these realms were said to be populated by spirits, humans, animals, and other creatures. The three worlds were linked via the axis of the World Tree or Mountain. The top of the World Tree housed the Heavenly Realm whilst its trunk passed through

960-561: The Middle Earth and its roots reached down to the Underworld. The World Mountain was divided similarly with its peak connected to the Upper World and the foot of the mountain to the Earth. The Heavenly realm is further divided into nine "skies". By ascending order these include: Traditional Shor mythology boasts a range of deities and spirits. Some of these include: Other popular deities

1008-403: The Shors led to an intellectual growth of the people, including skilled artisans teachers, and those with medical and technical qualifications. Shor writers, journalists and clerks became prominent in what had previously been a largely illiterate society for the first time. Shor intellectual culture began to decline after the dissolution of the Shor National Region in 1939 and the removal of Shor as

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1056-464: The Shors to be numerically insignificant and that disenfranchising them would inconsequential to the state. The Shors greatly suffered as a result. They were driven out of their farms and villages and forced to work in the coal mines. The population of the Shors declined and the urban Shors struggled with alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and high lethal accident rates. Traditional Shor culture began to wane. The liberalization of Soviet rule beginning in

1104-573: The Xiongnu country" (which, in this case, apparently meant Mongolia). The region where the Shors currently reside was Turkicized under the influence of the Yenisei Kyrgyz during the medieval period. The Shors resulted from this ethnic mixing and adopted Turkic speech (the Shor language ) as a result. Shor tribes began to become a distinct people around the 8th and 9th centuries AD. The Mongol conquest of

1152-481: The area. The Shors' niche as producers of ironware for the Oirats, Altaians , and Kyrgyz was soon eroded by the Russian traders. The Russians had more advanced products to offer and this effectively ended Shor blacksmithing. Atop of this, Russian officials subjected the Shors to pay yasak in the form of furs. This resulted in most Shors abandoning their old occupations and villages to move to nearby towns so they can make

1200-430: The body of man would belong to Ul'gen. Erlik used a tube made out of a hollow angelica stem and placed the tube in man's mouth. Erlik blew the soul through the tube and into man's body. Ul'gen soon wanted to banish Erlik from Earth but Erlik pleaded to Ul'gen to give him a corner of land for him to live in. Ul'gen raised his staff and a hole opened up where it was resting. Snakes, insects, and other creatures crawled out onto

1248-469: The conversion of Christianity among the Shors, shamanism has had and still is very important and influential to modern Shor spirituality. Shor Shamanism and its kam (shamans) have suffered persecution since Russian colonization of the region especially from the 17th to 20th centuries. The establishment of the Altai Spiritual Mission in the region resulted in the severe persecution of shamanism and

1296-458: The establishment on its territory of Kemerovo region with administrative center in the city of Kemerovo. In the new Oblast included 17.5% of the Novosibirsk region, 9 of the 12 cities of regional subordination, 17 of the 20 workers' settlements, 23 of the 75 districts. The population of the Kemerovo Oblast was 42% of the total population of the Novosibirsk Oblast. Aeroflot Flight 593 crashed into

1344-683: The foothills of up to 1,000 mm (39 in) or more in mountainous areas. The duration of the frost-free period is 100 days in the north area, and up to 120 days in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin. The environmental conditions in Kuznetsk Basin are heavily influenced by the regional industrial activities, especially, by coal mining. The report about the environmental conditions in Kemerovo region from 2014 indicated that there are more than 20 thousand of enterprises, emitting more than 250 types of atmospheric pollutants, where most urban areas with

1392-448: The highest point of the oblast, is located in the eastern border. The climate of the oblast is continental: winters are cold and long, summers are warm, but short. The average January temperature ranges from −17 to −20 °C (1 to −4 °F), the average in July is 17 to 18 °C (63 to 64 °F). Average annual precipitation ranges from 300 mm (12 in) on the plains and

1440-545: The implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of

1488-440: The kam. Christian missionaries routinely lambasted Shor shamanism as being a dark cult and the kam as servants of the devil. There was many forced conversions to Christianity as well. During the soviet era, the authorities frequently designated the kam and others as enemies of the state and sentenced them to camps or even death. Graves, drums, ritual clothing, and more were burned or desecrated during this period. Shor shamanism saw

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1536-413: The lifeless man, spat on him, rubbed dirt on him, and left. Ul'gen returned with his aim failed and saw the condition of the man and dog. The dog revealed what happened and Ul'gen wondered whether Erlik knew how to create souls. He summoned Erlik and he replied that he knew how to create souls. With no other options, Ul'gen agreed that Erlik would create the soul of man if he can have their souls. However,

1584-406: The oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most urbanized regions, with over 70% of the population living in its nine principal cities. Its ethnic composition is predominantly Russian , but native Shors and Kalmak Siberian Tatars also live in the oblast, along with Ukrainians , Volga Tatars , and Chuvash . The population recorded during the 2021 Census was 2,600,923. Kemerovo Oblast

1632-564: The observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . The northern area of the region is more agricultural. The region has a dense railway network, including the Trans-Siberian Railway , which passes through the oblast. Novokuznetsk is the center of the engineering industry. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Russia's most important industrial regions, with some of the world's largest deposits of coal. The south of

1680-468: The possibility of the Shors being swallowed up by the dominant Russian culture in the near future are issues the modern Shors face. The Shors were originally practitioners of shamanism and animism but were converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity during Russian rule since the early 17th century. Conversions occurred rapidly after the establishment of the Altai Spiritual Mission in the 1830s. Most present Shors are Russian Orthodox Christians. Despite

1728-478: The region are extracted by companies that show little regard to the Shors and the environment of the area. The Shors receive no direct financial benefits for the extraction of these minerals on their land. This has made some Shor feel ignored as minerals are often taken from places the Shors consider sacred. Throat-singing is an ancient and traditional form of music in Shor culture. Epic stories about heroes and deities are popular and often accompanied by singing and

1776-653: The region is dominated by metallurgy and the mining industry, as well as mechanical engineering and chemical production. The Evraz Group and an ore subsidiary Evrazruda operate iron ore mining and processing facilities along with the Raspadskaya , Yuzhkuzbassugol, the Siberian holding company SIBPLAZ . Coal and coking coal mines are located there. Prokopevsk, Kiselevsk, and Andzhero-Sudzhensk are coal-producing centers. The Zhernovskoye coal mine has reserves amounting to 163 million tonnes of coking coal. In November 2021,

1824-402: The region. The oldest city in Kemerovo Oblast is Novokuznetsk , founded in 1618, soon after Cossack ataman Yermak 's push into Siberia. The territory of modern Kemerovo Oblast has been inhabited for several thousand years. In 1618, Kuznetsk fort was established in the south of the future oblast to protect the land from Russian and Mongolian Dzhungarian invaders. During the 19th century,

1872-575: The regional topography, favorable for accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and metal production in Novokuznetsk. Unlike other Siberian cities, where atmospheric concentration of NO 2 has been decreasing in recent years, the concentration of NO 2 is increasing in the cities of the Kuznetsk Basin due to the increasing coal production in the region. The oblast was established on January 26, 1943, but it has considerably older antecedents. Shors , Teleuts and Siberian Tatars are native peoples of

1920-488: The spoils equally among themselves. However, this clan system eroded beginning in the mid-nineteenth century under the Russian influence of separating families into individual units. A family now relied on a money economy and this soon resulted in wealth disparity and differentiation in Shor society. Environmental activist Alexander Arbachakov won a Whitley Award for his work preserving sustainable communities in Shor territory. The coal, iron, gold, and timber resources of

1968-483: The survey. In addition, 31% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious " and 17% to be atheist . Shors Shors or Shorians ( Shor : sg. шор-кижи , shor-kizhi , тадар-кижи , tadar-kizhi , шор , shor , тадар , tadar , pl. шор-кижилер , shor-kizhiler , тадар-кижилер , tadar-kizhiler , шорлар , shorlar , тадарлар , tadarlar ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Kemerovo Oblast of Russia . Their self designation

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2016-641: The territory of the modern oblast was a part of Tomsk Governorate . After the October Revolution of 1917, Kuzbass experienced significant strife as part of the Russian Civil War . A major peasant rebellion took place in the region in early 1921, but was suppressed by the Red Army . In 1930, Kuzbass became part of the West Siberian Krai , and then the Novosibirsk Oblast . Post revolutionary period

2064-522: The use of a kai-komus (two-stringed wooden instrument). The first educational institution for the Shors was a missionary school that was established in the village of Kuzedevo around 1860. After 1867, the most talented graduates had the chance to continue their education at the College of Catechism in Kazan. However, the literacy rates of the Shors remained very low. The Soviet administration opened ten schools and

2112-490: The worst air quality are located in the Kuznetsk Basin: Novokuznetsk, Mezhdurechensk, Myski, Kaltan, Polysaevo, Belovo and Leninsk-Kuznetskiy. Atmospheric pollution is apparent over Kuznetsk Basin as major regional long-term tropospheric NO 2 anomaly was identified over the region in 2006-2020 years. The anomaly was driven primarily by coal mining and processing activities in the region, being exacerbated by

2160-408: The years. Each clan was traditionally led by a chief. Chiefs were elected in large clan gatherings. At such gatherings important decisions, conflicts, and other issues were settled. Features of their society included matrilocal marriages, exogamy, a classisfactory system of kinship terms, and the belief in certain taboos that revolve around the former. Clans routinely organized communal hunts and shared

2208-462: The younger generation. The universe was originally empty until the god Ul'gen created the three skies. He placed his son Paktan in the lowest sky. He then placed a spirit called Keikush in the middle sky while he and his wife Chaasin lived in the upper sky. Ul'gen's younger brother, Erlik , decided to create things himself. Erlik created the mountains, birds, and other animals. Meanwhile, Ul'gen created man but didn't know to make human souls and as

2256-494: Was characterized by the transition to a planned economy, the creation of the Ural-Kuzbass industrial complex development of the coal, metallurgical and chemical industries Kuzbass Kemerovo Coke built, Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine, a lot of new mines. Industrial enterprises are being built near the workers' settlements, which quickly became a city: Kiselevsk Osinniki Krasnobrodsky, Tashtagol Kaltan Mezhdurechensk and others. During

2304-459: Was disbanded because the Soviet authorities believed its existence might hinder the development of the iron and coal industries in the region. These minerals became important to the state after deposits were discovered in the Kuznetsk Basin in the 1930s. This discovery led to a new wave of Russian settlers and workers to the region which led to the displacement of the Shors. The authorities considered

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