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76-520: MASA was created when the Mexican state-owned investment bank, SOMEX ( Sociedad Mexicana de Crédito Industrial ), acquired the private company, Sheppard Hnos. (Sheppard Brothers), on 10 September 1959. In 1972 the company built a new factory in Tultitlán , and this facility was expanded in 1980. Somex continued to be a major shareholder in the company, and buses built by MASA often carried "Somex" nameplates on

152-813: A campus of the ITESM Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Toluca . Recently, the Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec (TESE) has become relevant due to the number of students, careers and location. The state contains 9,723 km of highways with about 90% being state and 10% federal. There are 1227.4 km of rail line and two airports, "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos" in Toluca and "Dr. Jorge Jiménez Cantú" in Atizapán de Zaragoza . Helicopter facilities exist in Chimalhuacán and Jocotitlán . Toluca Airport had served as

228-771: A heart attack on May 23, 2020. As of February 18, 2021, there were 4,771 reported cases and 766 deaths in the municipality attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico . As municipal seat, the city has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: Buenavista, Sierra de Guadalupe (Loma Sta. Ma. Guadalupe), San Pablo de las Salinas, Fuentes del Valle, Ampliación San Mateo (Colonia Solidaridad), El Cerrito (La Capilla), Colonia Lázaro Cárdenas (Los Hornos), Ejido la Reyna (La Reyna), Ejido de San Antonio Tultitlán, Paraje San Pablito, and Las Chinampas. The largest of these are Buenavista , San Pablo de las Salinas , and Fuentes del Valle . There

304-424: A huge space at home. State of M%C3%A9xico The State of Mexico ( Spanish : Estado de México , pronounced [esˈtaðo ðe ˈmexiko] ), officially just Mexico ( Spanish : México ), is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico . Commonly known as Edomex (from E sta do de Méx ico ) to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is the most populous , as well as

380-478: A name which comes from Náhuatl meaning "among the tule plants". "de Mariano Escobedo" was added to the city's name in 1902 in honor of the general who fought in the Mexican–American War and for the liberals during the period of La Reforma with Benito Juárez . The bones of mammoths and other animals have been found in the area, excavated starting in 1991. It is an important site because it establishes

456-518: A navel. The other possible origin is that it is derived from "Mextictli", an alternate name for the god Huitzilopochtli . Anáhuac was the proper term for all territories dominated by the Aztec Empire, from Cem Anáhuac , "the entire earth" or "surrounded by waters" e.g. the waters of Lake Texcoco which were considered to be the center of the Aztec world, and as such was proposed as an early name for

532-560: A two-year period, to modify the Tultitlán facility and add automobile production (starting in 1999), giving it access to this North American Free Trade Agreement region. At the time of its acquisition by Volvo, MASA's owners were Mexican bus manufacturer DINA S.A. , Brazilian bus-body maker Carrocerias Nielson (Busscar) and individuals on MASA's board of directors. The company manufactured motorbuses for city and suburban use, trolleybuses , and intercity buses (i.e., coaches ). MASA

608-710: Is composed of the Congress of the State of México ; the executive branch is composed of the Governor , Cabinet , and Public Prosecutor ; and the judicial branch is composed of the Judicial Council , High Court of Justice , and inferior courts. The state is divided into 125 municipalities , which are governed by local councils ( ayuntamientos ) and a mayor, and have their own municipal laws . The municipalities are in turn grouped into 8 regions: There are two metropolitan areas;

684-500: Is considered to be one of Rivera's best works. More recently, the school acquired an unnamed mural by Luis Nishizawa . This work depicts the agriculture of Mexico in both the past and the present. It is placed in a building that is commonly called "El Partenon". Other important educational institutions include the Universidad Technológica del Sur del Estado de Mexico Universidad Tecnológica del Sur del Estado de México and

760-516: Is largely absorbed by the state, along with similar trends in Greater Toluca. Outside than these two metropolitan zones, the state is composed largely of villages. Historically however, a handful of other states had been larger population centers until the 1960s, today it has by far the highest population in the country. In 2005, 85% of the population lived in urban centers, and 39% were born in other parts of Mexico. Five ethnicities are native to

836-590: Is one of the major monarch butterfly sanctuaries. At the far east is the Iztaccíhuatl–Popocatépetl National Park which is shared with neighboring Puebla state. The state is governed according to the Constitution of the State of Mexico and the law of the State of Mexico . The previous constitutions of 1827, 1861, and 1870 were replaced in 1917. The government is composed of legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative branch

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912-418: Is subtropical due to its altitude with rainy and dry seasons. It divides into two geographic zones: the plains and the mountain range of La Sierra de Guadalupe , which extendes into various other municipalities and was declared an ecological park. The area is a source of building materials such as stone, and agricultural activities such as the grown of corn, alfalfa and fruit trees is still practiced. However,

988-518: Is the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM) which offers 48 majors. This and other institutes of higher education have an enrollment of over 100,000 students. The beginnings of this institution go back to 1828, when the first Instituto Literario for the state was established in what is now the borough of Tlalpan in Mexico City. It was reestablished in Toluca in 1833. In 1886, the name

1064-613: Is the fourth largest town in and municipal seat of the municipality of Tultitlán located in the northeastern part of the State of México in Mexico . It lies adjacent to the northern tip of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) and is part of the Greater Mexico City urban area. Both the city and the municipality are interchangeably known as San Antonio Tultitlán or simply Tultitlán,

1140-461: The 1824 Constitution , with the first state congress convening in March of that year in Mexico City. This state still encompassed the vast territory of the old Aztec Empire . The first head of the state was Melchor Múzquiz . The vast territory of the state was divided into eight districts: Acapulco , Cuernavaca , Huejutla , Mexico, Taxco , Toluca, Tula and Tulancingo . Mexico City was the capital of

1216-485: The Gustavo A. Madero borough of Mexico City. The geographically separate northeastern section, which contains San Pablo de las Salinas , Paraje San Pablito, and Las Chinampas, is also bordered by Ecatepec de Morelos , Jaltenco , and Nextlalpan . The two sections are separated by the municipalities of Tultepec and Coacalco, which border both sections. The municipality has a territory of 71.1 km (27.45 sq mi). The area

1292-649: The Jesuits . During the colonial period, most of the area's economy was based on agriculture with some mining in the areas of Temascaltepec, Sultepec, Valle de Bravo , Tlatlaya , Amatepec and Zacualpan and the production of pulque in Otumba and Texcoco. In addition certain areas were known for crafts such as wool processing in Texcoco and Sultepec, soap in Toluca, saddles in Almoloya de Juárez, and rebozos in various areas. However,

1368-521: The Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México . During much of rest of the 20th century, works to divert water from the Lerma River and other locations to Mexico City were built as well as highways through the state to connect Mexico City with the rest of the country. In 1990, the Commission Coordinadora para la Recuperación Ecológica de la Cuenca del Alto Lerma (Coordinating Commission for

1444-970: The Valley of Mexico respectively. Part of the Toluca Valley was held by the Purépechas as well. Other dominions during the pre-Hispanic period include that of the Chichimecas in Tenayuca and of the Acolhuas in Huexotla , Texcotizingo and Los Melones. Other important groups were the Mazahuas in the Atlacomulco area. Their center was at Mazahuacán, next to Jocotitlán volcano . The Otomis were centered in Jilotepec . The origin of

1520-412: The second most densely populated , state in the country. Located in south-central Mexico, the state is divided into 125 municipalities . The state capital city is Toluca de Lerdo ("Toluca"), while its largest city is Ecatepec de Morelos ("Ecatepec"). The State of Mexico surrounds Mexico City on three sides and borders the states of Querétaro and Hidalgo to the north, Morelos and Guerrero to

1596-517: The 18th century to the 20th century. The Temple of San Antonio de Padua was initiated in the 18th century and finished in the 20th. The Chapel of the Holy Cross (Capilla de la Santa Cruz) was probably begun in the 17th century and is now integrated into the new municipal palace. Aside from these constructions is a cypress (ahuehuete) located in the center of the city that is at least 250 years old. Armando Portuguez Fuentes, municipal president, died of

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1672-431: The 2020 Census, 1.74% of the state of Mexico's population identified as Black, Afro-Mexican , or of African descent. The state has over three million students who attend about 15,000 schools from kindergarten to high school. It is the largest school system in the country after that of Mexico City. However, as late as 1990, there were over half a million people who were illiterate over the age of 15. The state university

1748-672: The Chalco Valley. The state has a territory of 22,499.95km2. The state is divided into five natural regions: the Volcanos of the Valley of Mexico, the hills and plains north of the state, the western mountains, the Balsas Depression and the mountains and valleys of the southeast. The physical geography of the state varies. The eastern portion is dominated by the Sierra Nevada, which divides

1824-642: The Ecological Recuperation of the Upper Lerma River Basin) was established. Its main neighbor is Mexico City . The State of Mexico is located in the central zone of the Mexican Republic , in the eastern part of the Anáhuac table. It borders to the north with the states of Querétaro and Hidalgo ; to the south with Guerrero and Morelos ; to the east with Puebla and Tlaxcala ; and to

1900-515: The Escuela Nacional de Agricultura (National School of Agriculture) which was founded in 1854 at the Monastery of San Jacinto in Mexico City. The school was moved in 1923 to the ex Hacienda of Chapingo President Álvaro Obregón . One distinguishing feature of the campus is the mural done in the old chapel, now University Ceremonies Room by Diego Rivera called "Tierra Fecundada" (Fertile Land). It

1976-596: The Greater Mexico City area in both the Distrito Federal and the State of Mexico. From 1824 to 1941, the state had no seal. Governor Wenceslao Labra proposed one in 1940, which was adopted the following year. It was designed by Pastor Velázquez with the motto of "Patria, Libertad, Trabajo y Cultura" (Country, Liberty, Work and Culture). In 1956, the Instituto Cientifico y Literario was converted into

2052-468: The State of Mexico. The capital of the state was moved permanently to Toluca in 1830. The struggles between the liberals (federalists) and the conservatives (centralized power) in the 19th century affected the state, especially in those areas which would later break away to form the states of Hidalgo, Morelos and Guerrero. During the Mexican–American War , the Americans occupied Toluca and Mexico City, with

2128-411: The Toluca Valley regions. In 1869, the areas north east and south of Mexico City were converted to the states of Hidalgo and Morelos respectively. The state promulgated a new constitution in 1869, which established the state as consisting of the districts of Chalco, Cuautitlan, Ixtlahuaca, Jilotepec, Lerma, Otumba, Sultepec, Temascaltepec, Tenango del Valle, Tenancingo and Texcoco, which is the territory

2204-503: The battle, he chose not to proceed to Mexico City and then turned towards Celaya . During the rest of the War, most battles were fought between local insurgent leaders such as Manuel de la Concha and Castillo Bustamante and royalist forces. Battles were fought in Sultepec , Amanalco , Temascaltepec, Lerma , Tenango , Tenancingo and Tecualoya . After the War, the State of Mexico was created by

2280-468: The beautiful fireworks that are always fired up every night from the beginning to the end of the festival. It is also a perfect opportunity to explore the center of the plaza where many traditional food is found such as quesadillas, pambazos, tlacoyos, huaraches, tacos, baked bread, barbacoa made of sheep and other appetizers like strawberries in cream, fried sausages and many traditional candies (cocada, alegria, chilacayote and obleas). In addition to this food

2356-464: The borders of Hidalgo and Tlaxcala with annual precipitation between 500 and 700 milliliters. Due to the various climates, the state has a wide variety of flora. 609,000 hectares is covered in tree, most of which is in the temperate and cold climates of the state. In the extreme southwest of the state, rainforests can be found and desert plants in the Hidalgo border area. In the highest altitudes, such as

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2432-566: The city of Tula (located in the present-day state of Hidalgo ). The current city was founded by the Tepanecas in 1356, but its first tlatoani (chief), named Cuauhtzinteuctli, did not begin his rule until 1408. The city's last tlatoani died in 1519 of measles brought over by the Spanish. After the Spanish Conquest, the area was reorganized into large haciendas with the city of Tultitlán under

2508-664: The company also built articulated diesel buses, of which the production quantities are not known. MASA's last order for trolleybuses was one received from STE in December 1996, for 200 12-metre (39 ft) trolleybuses. At least 50 of these were delivered in 1997, but delays in STE's obtaining funding resulted in the final 75 not being built—or at least not delivered—until 1999, after the company had been sold. [REDACTED] Media related to MASA buses at Wikimedia Commons Tultitl%C3%A1n de Mariano Escobedo Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo

2584-659: The course of the colonial period, but the territory of the Aztecs would keep the name "Mexico". After the Conquest in 1521, Hernán Cortés ' cousin Juan Altamirano was given dominion of the Toluca Valley. Other conquistadors such as Antonio Caicedo, Juan de Jaramillo, Cristobal Hernandez and Juan de Samano received encomiendas in the state. Franciscan missionaries came soon after such as Martin de Valencia , Juan de Tecto, Juan de Ahora, and Pedro de Gante, who established missions and

2660-523: The delivery of 30 new MASA trolleybuses to Mexico City's STE in 1991. Volvo Buses acquired MASA for US$ 74 million in September 1998, renaming it Volvo Buses de México and continuing production in the same factory, the then 153,000 sq ft (14,200 m) plant in Tultitlán. In addition to the purchase amount, Volvo indicated that it planned to invest an additional $ 80 million in MASA, over

2736-624: The earliest artifacts of these appearing in Tlapacoya, Atoto, Malinalco , Acatzingo and Tlatilco . In prehistoric State of Mexico, the Tepexpan Man is an important finding for Mexican and foreign anthropologists; it is an important key to understand what the Valley of Mexico area was like, 5,000 years ago, as well as helping establish the occupation chronology of the region. Currently some scholars attribute an age of 11,000 years, others 8,000, and some have suggested 5,000 years old. This individual

2812-648: The entire nation of Mexico prior to independence, to distinguish it from the (preexisting) administrative division of New Spain that became the State of Mexico. The earliest evidence of human habitation in current territory of the state is a quartz scraper and obsidian blade found in the Tlapacoya area , which was an island in the former Lake Chalco . They are dated to the Pleistocene era which dates human habitation back to 20,000 years. The first people were hunter-gatherers. Stone age implements have been found all over

2888-533: The first is Greater Mexico City , in which there are 27 municipalities, and the city of Toluca, in which there are 6 municipalities. The judiciary ( Poder Judicial del Estado de México ) is composed of: The trial courts are divided on the municipalities basis. The fast-growing state contains about fourteen percent of the country's population and is one of the most densely populated with 740 people per square km. Since Mexico City has not absorbed many citizens since 1990, Greater Mexico City's explosive expansion

2964-512: The first school called San Antonio de Padua. In 1535, the areas around Mexico City were divided into a number of "alcaldías mayors" called Chalco y Ameca , Tlayacapan y Coatepec, Otumba , Ecatepec , Sultepec , Zacualpan , Temascaltepec , Malinalco, Metepec and Ixtlahuaca with Toluca and Texcoco recognized as cities. Other orders followed such as the Dominicans , the Augustinians and

3040-486: The front. The government sold the company to private investors on 17 October 1988, but the original buyer defaulted on its debt payments. The company had already ceased production before then, and was reported by some transport media to have "gone out of business" during 1988, but it was resold in November 1989 to an industrial group and in 1993 underwent a restructuring. Production continued during this period, as evidenced by

3116-400: The inhabitants also can find a great variety of strange drinks made with combinations of vodka, beer, whisky, rum, tequila, coke and mineral water. Walking along the locals found in the streets there is a special area where many sorts of farm animals are placed. Many explorers stop here to get sheep, turkeys, chicken, pigs and even cows. For a low price they can get a new pet that would require

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3192-482: The jurisdiction of Tacuba . The village became a parish in 1605. In 1645, an image of San Antonio de Padua arrived and became the town's patron saint. The small village remained so until 1969 when it was named a town, attaining city status in 1997. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 31,936. Principal sites to see in the city include the Temple of San Lorenzo from the 16th century and modifications dating from

3268-574: The latter to supply the electrical propulsion systems for the vehicles. The first MASA/Toshiba trolleybus, a prototype for STE, was completed in 1979. Trolleybuses built after 1987 were fitted with electrical equipment from other suppliers, including Melco/ Mitsubishi and Kiepe . In 1985 MASA constructed an articulated trolleybus for STE, which that transit agency compared with another prototype articulated trolleybus, one built for STE by Moyada ( Motores y Adaptaciones Automotrices, S.A. ) from two existing MASA two-axle trolleybuses; MASA's prototype

3344-437: The modern state is the reorganization of Aztec lands starting after the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire. These lands were initially called the "audiencia" of Mexico and included Mexico City, much of modern states of Guerrero, Morelos and Hidalgo. As the Spanish expanded their control west and south, the entirety was called "New Spain" with former Aztec lands being called "Mexico." The organization of New Spain would change over

3420-657: The northwest of the state is the Sierra de San Andrés Timilpan. Most of the rock and soil formation in the state is of volcanic origin. There are three river basins in the state: the Lerma, the Balsas and the Pánuco . The most important is the Lerma River, which begins in the municipality of Almoloya del Río and passes through a large number of municipalities in the state. The southwestern part of

3496-566: The peak of the Nevada de Toluca, alpine grassland can be found. In the extreme west, there are forests which receive thousands of monarch butterflies each winter. The state has 49 environmentally protected areas, with the most important being the Nevado de Toluca National Park . Other important areas include the state parks of Otomi-Mazahua, Sierra Morelos, and Nahuatlaca-Matlatzinca. The Bosencheve National Park extends into Mexico State from Michoacán, and

3572-684: The people or things from the country as a whole. Mēxihco was originally the Nahuatl name for the Valley of Mexico where the cities of the Mexica (the proper name for the Aztec Triple Alliance ) were located. As such, the district that became Mexico City was properly known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan in the years shortly before and after Spanish conquest. After the Spanish Conquest , the term México came to be used for Tenochtitlan/Mexico City and all

3648-433: The pre-conquest lands it controlled, including several other aforementioned Mexican states originally incorporated in the boundaries of the Mexico state. There are two possible origins for the name "Mexico." The first is that it derives from metztli (moon) and xictla (navel) to mean "from the navel of the moon". This comes from the old Aztec idea that the craters on the moon form a rabbit figure with one crater imitating

3724-478: The presence of man here to about 15000–13000 BC, making it one of the oldest human settlements in the Americas. Ceramic pieces here date to about 400 BC. Teotihuacan presence is documented around 200 to 750 AD, mostly agricultural villages that also produced items like baskets and rope. Between 850 and 1110, the area was inhabited by peoples speaking Náhuatl and Otomis , while the area was under Toltec domination from

3800-501: The relative lowlands in the south west with have an average temperature of between 18C and 22C and constitute about eight percent of the territory. The hottest regions occupy five percent of the state in the extreme southwest with temperatures averaging over 22C. The coldest areas in the highest elevations such as the Nevado de Toluca, Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl. Snow can be found on these elevations year round. There are some arid areas along

3876-501: The second- and third-largest cities (localities) in Mexico that are not a municipal seat (after Ojo de Agua, Tecámac Municipality, State of México ). Localities (cities, towns, and villages) are: The municipality was established in 1820. It has two geographically separate sections. The larger southwestern section of the municipality, which contains its municipal seat, borders the municipalities of Cuautitlán , Tultepec , Coacalco de Berriozábal , Tlalnepantla , Cuautitlán Izcalli and

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3952-534: The south, Michoacán to the west, and Tlaxcala and Puebla to the east. The territory that now comprises the State of Mexico once formed the core of the Pre-Hispanic Aztec Empire . During the Spanish colonial period , the region was incorporated into New Spain . After gaining independence in the 19th century, Mexico City was chosen as the capital of the new nation; its territory was separated out of

4028-542: The state during the Mexican Revolution, especially by Zapatistas in the southwest part of the state, with Genovevo de la O and Francisco de Pacheco entering with their armies in 1912. Fighting intensified after Victoriano Huerta took power in 1913. In 1915, Toluca was the site of the Convencion de Generales y Gobernadores Revolucionaries (Convention of Generals and Revolutionary Governors) on two occasions. In 1917,

4104-530: The state from Puebla. In this mountain chain are the Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanos. The Sierra de Monte Alto and Sierra de Monte Bajo divide the west side of the Federal District from the state and contain peaks such as Cerro de la Bufa and Monte de las Cruces. The Sierra de Xinantécatl is to the south of the Toluca Valley. At northern edge of this mountain range is the Nevado de Toluca volcano. In

4180-500: The state government temporarily located in the unoccupied Sultepec. By 1852, the state had lost a significant amount of territory to the creation of the state of Guerrero, which prompted the reorganization of the municipalities here. During the Reform War , General José María Cobos took and sacked a number of municipalities in the territory remaining. During this war, a number of major figures such as Melchor Ocampo , Santos Delgollado and Leandro Valle were executed by firing squad in

4256-423: The state had another new constitution, which divided the state into sixteen districts and 118 municipalities. The extension of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area began in 1940 with the creation of the industrial zone of Naucalpan . The increase of the metro area's population, commerce and industry has continued to this day. The Consejo del Area Metropolitana was created in 1988 to coordinate concerns and action of

4332-453: The state has a temperate moist climate, which consists of the highlands of the Toluca Valley and the areas around Texcoco in the north, the Toluca Valley and the areas around Texcoco. Average year-round temperature varies between 12C and 18C with annual precipitation above 700 millimeters. Higher elevations, about 13% of the state, in the center and east of the state have a semicold climate with average temperatures below 16C. Hotter climes are in

4408-401: The state has today. The period before the Mexican Revolution was relatively prosperous for the state, especially under governor José Vicente Villada , who promoted public education, government reform, the establishment of a teachers' college for women and the Instituto Cientifico y Literario (later UAEM). Mines in various parts of the state were at maximum production. Battles were fought in

4484-479: The state include the Laguna del Sol and Laguna de la Luna in the Nevado de Toluca, the lake in the crater of the Cerro Gorde. Atexcapan Lake in Valle de Bravo, San Simón Lake in Donato Guerra, San Pedro Lake and Concepcion de los Baños Lake and Tepetitlan Lake in San Felipe del Progreso, Acuitzilapan Lake at the food of Jocotitlan volcano, El Rodeo Lake near Xonacatlán , Xibojay and Santa Elena Lakes in Jilotepec and Huapango Lake in Timilpan. About seventy percent of

4560-419: The state is Teotihuacan , with the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon being built between 100 BCE and 100 CE. Between 800 and 900 CE, the Matlatzincas established their dominion with Teotenango as capital. This city is walled with plazas, terraces, temples, altars, living quarters and a Mesoamerican ball game court. In the 15th century, the Aztecs conquered the Toluca and Chalco valleys to the west and east of

4636-434: The state is dominated by the Balsas River basin. The eastern panhandle of the state is dominated by the Pánuco River basin. On the various rivers of the state are dams such as José Antonio Alzate in Temoaya , Ignacio Ramirez in Almoloya, Guadalupe in Cuautitlán Izcalli , Madín in Naucalpan, Vicente Guerrero in Tlatlaya, Tepetitlan in San Felipe del Progreso as well as those in Valle del Bravo and Villa Victoria . Lakes in

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4712-416: The state. However, soon after, the federal government chose Mexico City as the capital of the new nation. Under the guidelines of the 1824 Constitution, the capital was appropriated as federal land, with the federal government acting as the local authority. The choice was made official on 18 November 1824 and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 ac) centered on the Zocalo . This area

4788-467: The state. Years later, parts of the state were broken off to form the states of Hidalgo, Guerrero and Morelos. These territorial separations have left the state with the size and shape it has today, with the Toluca Valley to the west of Mexico City and a panhandle that extends around the north and east of this entity. The demonym used to refer to people and things from the state is mexiquense , distinct from mexicano ('Mexican'), which describes

4864-438: The state: the Mazahua , the Otomi , the Nahuas , the Matlazincas and the Ocuitecos or Tlahuicas . There are also communities of Mixtecs , Zapotecs , Totonaca , Mazateca , Mixe , Purépecha and Maya . According to the 2005 census, the state has 312,319 people who speak an indigenous language, which is about 3 out of every 100 people. Two thirds of those speaking an indigenous language also speak Spanish. According to

4940-571: The territory from mammoth bones, to stone tools to human remains. Most have been found in the areas of Los Reyes Acozac , Tizayuca , Tepexpan , San Francisco Mazapa , El Risco and Tequixquiac . Between 20,000 and 5000 BCE, the people here eventually went from hunting and gathering to sedentary villages with farming and domesticated animals. The main crop was corn, and stone tools for the grinding of this grain become common. Later crops include beans, chili peppers and squash grown near established villages. Evidence of ceramics appears around 2500 BCE with

5016-488: The town's parish church to worship San Antonio de Padua, the saint who gives name to the town. The figure of the saint is carried along the streets among the crowd of people and musicians until it finally arrives to the church. The festival begins on June's first days and is extended almost for one month. Along the Festival there are many things to see such as the traditional pottery from the region and other handcraft objects produced in Mexican states. People can also appreciate

5092-412: The urbanization of the area is diminishing the land dedicated to these activities. Industry is now the major employer with entities devoted to chemicals, cardboard boxes, plastics, and various types of metal production. One of the most famous attractions in Tultitlan is the San Antonio Local Festival. Each year, it falls on June 14 when all the people from the neighboring areas of Tultitlan centers around

5168-400: The vast majority of the area's population was extremely poor due to exploitation. During the Mexican War of Independence, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla marched into what is now Mexico State from Michoacán in 1810, passing from the northwest to Toluca on his way to Mexico City. East of Toluca, he fought royalist forces at the Battle of Monte de las Cruces on 30 October 1810. While Hidalgo won

5244-401: The west with Guerrero and Michoacán , as well as with Mexico City , which it surrounds to the north (northwest), east (southeast) and west (southwest). The state is located in the center of the country, consisting mostly of the eastern side of the Anahuác Mesa. Most of the state consists of the Toluca Valley, the Tierra Caliente, Mezquital Valley with the eastern panhandle mostly defined by

5320-507: Was a total population of 524,074 in the municipality in 2010. It has the distinction of being the only municipality in Mexico that has two cities (localities) of over 100,000 population (Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas). It is also the only municipality with three localities of over 70,000 inhabitants (adding Fuentes del Valle), and the only one with four localities of over 30,000 (adding Tultitlán de Mario Escobedo, its own municipal seat). Buenavista and San Pablo de las Salinas are also

5396-486: Was an all-new vehicle. After evaluating these two prototypes, STE decided to contract with MASA to fabricate 67 articulated trolleybuses, using the rear halves of 67 existing two-axle trolleybuses in STE's fleet and combining them with new forward body sections to be built by MASA. The assembly was also undertaken by MASA, and these 67 vehicles were delivered to STE in 1986–87. Apart from these 68 articulated vehicles, all other MASA trolleybuses were two-axle vehicles. However,

5472-612: Was changed to the Instituto Científico y Literario. In 1943, the institution gained autonomy from direct state control and in 1956, it was reorganized as the UAEM. In 1964, the Ciudad Universitaria on the west side of Toluca was constructed. Another important public university is the Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo , located in Texcoco. It is an agricultural college offering technical and bachelor's degrees. The school began as

5548-521: Was found in here, called the Tequixquiac Bone, which had no known purpose, but reflected the ideological sense of the artist who carved the piece of bone from a camelid around 22,000 years BCE. The first native settlers of Tequixquiac were the Aztecs and Otomi, who decided to settle here permanently for the abundance of rivers and springs. They were engaged mainly in agriculture and the breeding of domestic animals. The earliest major civilization of

5624-540: Was originally identified as a male, but recent research confirms a female identity, although this is still a subject of discussion. Sacrum bone found in Tequixquiac is considered a work of prehistoric art. These people were thought to be nomadic, hunting large animals such as mammoths and gathering fruits as evidenced by archaeological evidence found at the site. One of the most salient discoveries of primitive art in America

5700-508: Was the major supplier of new trolleybuses to the country's only two trolleybus system operators, building more than 700 for the Mexico City trolleybus system , operated by Servicio de Transportes Eléctricos del D. F. (STE), and 100 for the Guadalajara trolleybus system , then operated by Sistecozome . Trolleybus production began after the company partnered in 1978 with Toshiba , for

5776-560: Was then separated from the State of Mexico, forcing the state's government to move from the Palace of the Inquisition (now Museum of Mexican Medicine) in the city to Texcoco . This area did not yet include the population centers of the towns of Coyoacán , Xochimilco , Mexicaltzingo and Tlalpan , all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico. As the "federal district" of Mexico City grew in size, these and other territories were taken from

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