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53-464: The Lil'wat First Nation's offices are located at Mount Currie, British Columbia , about 5 miles east of Pemberton, British Columbia , which is also located in the Lillooet River valley. Mount Currie is also about 20 miles "as the crow flies" from the luxury destination resort of Whistler, British Columbia . "Líl̓wat", which is the origin of the post-colonial name for all St'at'imc peoples (a.k.a.

106-433: A central communal hearth and a place for dancing. There are also places for religious and ritual objects and activities. In the adjoining room the women and their small children as well as unmarried daughters sleep, usually in compartments divided into families. The platform on the back is used by the women for their everyday activities. Visiting women usually enter the house here. The Mnong and Rade of Vietnam also have

159-415: A covered gallery. The inside is divided into two rooms, one behind the other. On the back there is another platform. The whole building is raised on short stilts about half a metre off the ground. The front platform is used for general activities while the covered gallery is the favorite place for the men to host guests, and where the men usually sleep. The following first room is entered by a door and contains

212-411: A logging partnership with George Walker, George McDonald ran the store. In 1955, Bill opened a dry goods store, which others ran for him. Called Penny's, then Mount Currie Dry Goods, this was the first true clothing store in the area. Bill's wife Jean managed the business by the mid-1960s. Bill built a hardware store, to which the post office moved. Initially rented out, the enterprise was sold in 1957, as

265-461: A new store was erected near the train station. Since the building was demolished during the 1950s school expansion, this would likely be the Creekwood station. Kiltz sold groceries, hardware, basic clothing, and some pharmaceuticals. In 1946, Gerry and Florence Cowell took over. In 1950, Hector and Adele Harwood converted the store to a restaurant. By 1937, A. William (Bill) Spetch, Samuel's son, moved

318-694: A second storey, stairways, a chimney with bread oven, an outshut (pantry/larder/dairy which was only accessible from inside the house), glazed windows, lime screed floors and at least some decorative plasterwork. Other European longhouse types include the northwest England type in Cumbria , the Scottish longhouse, " blackhouse " or taighean-dubha, and the Scandinavian or Viking Langhus/Långhus and mead hall . The Western French longhouse or maison longue from Lower Brittany , Normandy , Mayenne , Anjou (also in

371-403: A single-story building, one room deep, laid out as two crucked bays a cross passage and two crucked bays. As glass was not available until the middle of the 16th century, they were oriented loosely East West with openings (for a door and latticed unglazed windows) only in the south wall to provide the maximum shelter from the worst weather and catch the sun. They are often dug into the hillside,

424-553: A tradition of building longhouses ( Vietnamese : nhà dài ) that may be 30 to 40 metres (98 to 131 ft) long. In contrast to the jungle versions of Borneo these sport shorter stilts and seem to use a veranda in front of a short (gable) side as main entrance. The Rana Tharu is an ethnic group indigenous to the western Terai of Nepal . Most of them prefer living in longhouses called Badaghar with big families of many generations, sometimes 40–50 people. All household members pool their labor force, contribute their income, share

477-513: Is a settlement in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia . On BC Highway 99 , the locality is by road about 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of Vancouver , 39 kilometres (24 mi) northeast of Whistler , and 92 kilometres (57 mi) southwest of Lillooet . The Lillooet Tribal Council governs the First Nations portion. The relatively smaller freehold part

530-656: Is an unincorporated community. The latter business centre approximately encompasses an area where the Macrea Road/Highway 99 intersection forms the southwest corner and the Pemberton Portage Road/Highway 99 intersection forms the northeast corner. The First Nations reserves straddle the Birkenhead River . The eastern portion of the reserves extends north to the same latitude as the Owl Creek community but

583-479: Is designed and built as a standing tree with branches to the right and left with the front part facing the sunrise while the back faces the sunset. The longhouse building acts as the normal accommodation and a house of worship for religious activities. The entry could double as a canoe dock. Cooling air could circulate underneath the raised floor of the dwelling, and the elevated living areas were more likely to catch above-ground breezes. Livestock could shelter underneath

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636-490: Is known as the Tŷ Hir , are often typified by the use of cruck construction. It is built along a slope, and a single passage gives access to both human and animal shelter under a single roof. There are dozens of pre-1600 longhouses remaining on Exmoor and the surrounding area. Some can be dated using dendrochronology to before 1400, but sites can be much older and have names with a Saxon origin. Longhouses on Exmoor are typically

689-455: Is well back from the river at that point. In 1846, Alexander Caulfield Anderson visited Lillooet Village (not to be confused with later named Lillooet ). On a grassy island 5 kilometres (3 mi) above Lillooet Lake , the residents numbered 50 men (plus women and children). The island lies in the vicinity of the later Owl Creek general community. In 1881, the government created a 2,000-hectare (5,000-acre) reserve at Mount Currie, upon which

742-651: The Cantal , Lozère and the Pyrenees Ariège ), is very similar to the western British type with shared livestock quarters and central drain. The Old Frisian longhouse or Langhuis developed into the Frisian farmhouse which probably influenced the development of the Gulf house (German: Gulfhaus ), which spread along the North Sea coast to the east and north. Further developments of

795-609: The Dayak , live traditionally in buildings known as Lamin House or longhouses: rumah betang in Indonesia (specifically the western parts of Borneo) and rumah panjang in Malay. Common to most of these is that they are built raised off the ground on stilts and are divided into a more or less public area along one side and a row of private living quarters lined along the other side. This seems to have been

848-468: The Mentawai Islands some 130 kilometres (81 mi) to the west off the coast of Sumatra ( Sumatera ), Indonesia is also described as a longhouse on stilts. Some five to ten families may live in each, but they are organized differently inside from those on Borneo. From front to back, such a house, called an "uma", regularly consists of an open platform serving as the main entrance place, followed by

901-683: The Oblate fathers to move to their mission at Owl Creek, a few miles up the Birkenhead River from the current reserve at Mount Currie, where the Lil'wat population relocated after the mission was closed. During the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858, tens of thousands of miners and others poured up the Lillooet River system from Harrison Lake to get to the Fraser at what is now the town of Lillooet. The Lil'wat engaged themselves as canoemen and porters during

954-508: The Tucano people of Colombia and northwest Brazil traditionally combine a household in a single long house. The Xingu peoples of central Brazil build a series of longhouses in circular formations forming round villages. The ancient Tupi people of the Brazilian coast used to do this as well. The Yanomami people of Brazil and Venezuela build a round hut with a thatched roof that has a hole in

1007-688: The indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast . The longhouses inhabited by the Iroquois were wood boards/bark-covered structures of standardized design "in the shape of an arbor" about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) wide providing shelter for several related families. The longhouse had a 3-metre-wide (9.8 ft) central aisle and 2-metre-wide (6.6 ft) compartments, about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) long, down each side. The end compartments were usually used for storage. Hearths were spaced about 6 to 7 metres (20 to 23 ft) apart down

1060-453: The BC mainland. P. Smith and Co. received the first preemption . John Shaw received the second one. These two properties form part of the present Mount Currie reserve. John Charles McKay was the inaugural Creekwood postmaster 1938–1945. About 1923, Bill Kiltz (of Lillooet Lake Trading Co) built the first Creekside store, a log cabin structure opposite the present church. After being lost to fire,

1113-476: The Birkenhead River. Prior to closure in 1936, the hatchery provided various part-time local employment. In 1908, Samuel Spetch relocated his store/post office from Birken . He was the inaugural Owl Creek postmaster 1908–1929. By 1918, his house was one of the few in the district with indoor plumbing. At the time, he also had a water-powered sawmill at Owl Creek and another mill at Spetch Siding. During

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1166-829: The Germanic longhouse during the Middle Ages were the Low German house in northern and especially northwestern Germany and its northern neighbour, the Geestharden house in Jutland including Schleswig , with its variant, the Frisian house. With these house types the wooden posts originally rammed into the ground were replaced by posts supported on a base. The large and well-supported attic enabled large quantities of hay or grain to be stored in dry conditions. This development may have been driven because

1219-902: The Lil'wat and Squamish. In July 2008, the Lil'wat First Nation partnered with their neighbours the Squamish Nation to open the multimillion-dollar Squamish Lilwat Cultural Centre in Whistler . The two nations, whose territories traditionally overlapped around the Whistler area, had signed a Protocol Agreement in 2001 to work together on such opportunities. The centre features traditional art, cultural and historical displays, wood carvings, an 80-seat theatre, longhouse , pithouse , outdoor forest walk, cafe and giftshop. Kennedy, Dorothy and Randy Bouchard. (2010). The Lil'wat World of Charlie Mack. Vancouver, BC: Talonbooks. ( ISBN   978-0-88922-640-1 ) Mount Currie, British Columbia Mount Currie

1272-538: The Lillooet people), is from a St'at'imcets word referring to a variety of wild onion, one of the local indigenous food staples. The name became applied to the town that is today's Lillooet in 1860, when the population of the town petitioned the chiefs of what are now the Upper St'at'imc and the Lil'wat for the right to use the name, which was viewed as more harmonious that the town's former name of Cayoosh Flat. One reason for

1325-421: The Owl Creek store/post office to Creekside to serve the indigenous village, but that post office soon closed. George and Adeline Williams already had a store in their home on the reserve, which continued until the early 1950s. In 1940, Bill Spetch sold the store to his brother Walter. Initially leased by Jack and Alice McKay, the couple purchased the business in 1943. Bill repurchased it in 1947. While Bill operated

1378-423: The aisle, with smoke holes in the roof. Two families shared each hearth. Each longhouse would house several generations of an extended family; a house was built proportionately to the number of families it was expected to contain and might be lengthened over time to accommodate growth. It is possible to infer the population of an Iroquois town from the sizes and number of longhouses it contained. In South America,

1431-507: The bell tumbled. After spending 20 years in Whistler, the bell returned to now hang at the old village site in an open-air steeple, ringing on the passing of band members. By 1933, only 350 people resided on the reserve. The cemetery indicated that many never survived early childhood. The one-room school, which opened at Mount Currie in the 1930s, was called the Pemberton Indian Day School. The two Catholic sisters, who joined

1484-650: The choice of the new name is that the Douglas Road , also known as the Lillooet Trail as it traversed the Lil'wat country, ended at Cayoosh Flat. The Lil'wat and St'at'imc chiefs agreed to the proposal, with the result that the Lil'wat became also known as the Lower St'at'imc, and the former Upper St'at'imc (formerly just St'at'imc) became known as the Upper Lillooet. The name St'at'imc, according to ethnologist James Teit,

1537-883: The earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the Neolithic long house of Europe, the Norman Medieval Longhouses that evolved in Western Britain ( Tŷ Hir ) and Northern France ( Longère ), and the various types of longhouse built by different cultures among the indigenous peoples of the Americas . The Neolithic long house type was introduced with the first farmers of Central and Western Europe around 5000 BCE, 7,000 years ago. These were farming settlements built in groups of six to twelve longhouses; they were home to large extended families and kin. The Germanic cattle-farmer longhouses emerged along

1590-632: The era, the continuous forest bordering the Pemberton Portage hosted several pole and tie manufacturers. Sam Spetch's petitioning was instrumental in the creation of the Correspondence Branch of the BC Department of Education in 1919. His children were the first three students. In 1929, A.William (Bill) Spetch took over his father's store at Owl Creek, which thrived from both the hatchery and valley customer base. By 1937, Bill had moved

1643-445: The greatest hazard in the area. The annual Lillooet Lake Rodeo continues to be held at Mount Currie in May. Longhouse A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia , Europe , and North America . Many were built from timber and often represent

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1696-458: The heyday of what was known as the Douglas Road , a.k.a. the Lillooet Trail, but after the gold rush all non-native settlement disappeared from the valley until the late 1870s, when John Currie homesteaded on land adjacent to the Mount Currie reserve; the mountain overlooking the site was named for him, and the reserve and townsite that grew up around it were named for the mountain. Currie married

1749-485: The hillside above the Birkenhead River has opened up housing for the hard-pressed Mount Currie community, where some family houses date back more than a decade. The Lil'wat Nation is a partner with the Squamish Nation in the Weetama Festival , a 2010 Olympics -oriented aboriginal cultural festival for tourist education located in Whistler, British Columbia , which sits astride the overlapping territorial claims of

1802-516: The house and livestock in the other, but would only be needed for a couple of months at most in the winter. There was a fire pit, sometimes with a stone reredos (as in Hendre’r-ywydd Uchaf Farmhouse, Denbighshire), behind which the smoke rose to the eaves and passed through the thatch. As skills and wealth increased, after 1500 many had built in settles, most by 1700 would have been adapted and have: separate buildings for livestock,

1855-519: The inner partitions and arrangements are somewhat obscure. The size of the buildings and their placement within the settlements may point to buildings for the nobles of their society or some sort of community or religious buildings. In Igeum-dong , an excavation site in South Korea , the large longhouses, 29 and 26 metres long, are situated between the megalithic cemetery and the rest of the settlement. The longhouse may be an old building tradition among

1908-523: The longhouses for greater protection from predators and the elements. In fact, chickens coops were hung from the main room structure for easy feeding. Old longhouses in Asia were made of tree trunks as structure members, long leaves as the roof cover, split bamboo or small tree trunks as the flooring and tree bark as the wall coverings. In the past, longhouses were primarily made out of timber sourced from trees such as Eusideroxylon zwageri (Bornean ironwood ) so

1961-516: The longhouses were able to stand firm and durable. In modern times many of the older longhouses have been replaced with buildings using more modern materials, like brick or cement, but of similar design. Many place names in Borneo have "Long" in their name (which means river) and most of these are or once were longhouses. A traditional house type of the Sakuddei people, on the island of Siberut , part of

2014-431: The lower parts of the walls are formed from rough stone in mud pointing with cob above, as before the 17th century lime cement was virtually unknown.The floors were not made a true level. Livestock used the lower end. A hole is often provided in the base of the end wall for mucking out. The cross passage (often misnamed as a breezeway did not pass right through the building) establishes distinct areas for people in one half of

2067-541: The middle, called shabono , which could be considered a sort of longhouse. In Daepyeong , an archaeological site of the Mumun pottery period in Korea , longhouses have been found that date to circa 1100–850 BC. Their layout seems to be similar to those of the Iroquois. In these, several fireplaces were arranged along the longitudinal axis of the building. Later, the ancient Koreans started raising their buildings on stilts, so that

2120-404: The people cultivated fine crops and orchards by the early 1900s. Fire destroyed the initial Catholic church building and a new one was erected in 1896. The bell from a demolished Vancouver church was offered to the band, who transported this extremely heavy gift northward by cart and canoe. The bell hung in the Mount Currie church steeple from about 1905 until 1948, when the church burnt down and

2173-640: The people of Austronesian origin or intensive contact. The Austronesian language group seems to have spread to southeast Asia and the Pacific islands as well as Madagascar from the island of Taiwan . Groups like the Siraya of ancient Taiwan built longhouses and practiced head hunting, as did, for example the later Dayaks of Borneo. Many of the inhabitants of the Southeast Asian island of Borneo (now Indonesian Kalimantan , East Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam ),

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2226-584: The regular stops northeastward from Pemberton were 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi) to Chilsampton, 1.0 kilometre (0.6 mi) to Creekside, 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) to Owl Creek, and 19.2 kilometres (11.9 mi) to Birken . By 1959, the flag stops northeastward from Mount Currie were 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) to Spetch and then 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) to Birken. The mainstays of agriculture and forestry have since been supplemented by tourism and service-based industries, where improved internet has enabled professionals to work from home. Flooding presents

2279-622: The south form the Lower Lillooet part of the nation. In the early 1970s, the school transferred to indigenous control becoming the Ts̓zil Community School but is now called the Xet̓ólacw Community School. The Lil'wat language and culture are an integral part of the curriculum. The Lil'wat also operate their own gas station and grocery store. The Stl’atl’imx Tribal Police are based at Mount Currie. The post office

2332-649: The southwestern North Sea coast in the third or fourth century BCE and may be the ancestors of several medieval house types such as the Scandinavian langhus ; the English, Welsh, and Scottish longhouse variants; and the German and Dutch Low German house . The longhouse is a traditional form of shelter. Some of the medieval longhouse types of Europe that have survived are the following: The Western Brittonic " Dartmoor longhouse " variants in Devon , Cornwall , and Wales , where it

2385-530: The store/post office to Creekside. Owl Creek now comprises scattered rural properties. Road and railway access has been similar to Pemberton . The northward advance of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway (PGE) rail head passed in November 1914. The nearest train stations in 1922 were about 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) northeast at Spetch and 7.9 kilometres (4.9 mi) west at Pemberton. By 1947,

2438-668: The then-chief's daughter and with them helped with the construction of the Lillooet Cattle Trail , and also regularly hired Lil'wat men (his in-laws) to work on his ranch and also on a couple of (unsuccessful) cattle drives on the disastrous trail to saltwater at Squamish . The registered population of the Lil'wat Nation is 2,007 members. 1,348 of these live on an Indian Reserve under the band's administration (709 males, 639 females), while 78 live on reserves controlled by another band (40 males, 38 females). 581 band members live off-reserve (267 males, 314 females). A new subdivision on

2491-519: The two lay teachers in 1948, took full charge a year later. In 1958, a second building was erected, which housed grades 1–7 classrooms and a residential section for staff. The 1930s building became a kindergarten. The Lil'wat First Nation , who comprise most of the Mount Currie population, are of the Interior Salish people and form part of the Upper Lillooet language group of the St'at'imc Nation. Groups to

2544-465: The way of building best accustomed to life in the jungle in the past, as otherwise hardly related people have come to build their dwellings in similar ways. One may observe similarities to South American jungle villages also living in large single structures. They are raised and built over a hill, flooding presents little inconvenience and the height acts as defence against enemy attacks. Some longhouses are quite large; up to 1152m. The entire architecture

2597-535: The weather became wetter over time. Good examples of these houses have been preserved, some dating back to the 16th century. The longhouse was 50 to 60 feet long. In North America two groups of longhouses emerged: the Native American/First Nations longhouse of the tribes usually connected with the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) in the northeast, and a similarly shaped structure which arose independently among

2650-469: Was a movie filmed at Birkenhead Lake and Mount Currie, using indigenous extras. The community hall opened in 1968. In 1905, a water-powered 10,000-kilogram (23,000 lb) sawmill came for a short period to produce lumber for the hatchery buildings. The main building, which was 46 by 12 metres (150 by 40 ft), had a 25-million egg capacity. The nearby two-storey boarding house was 4.9 by 7.3 metres (16 by 24 ft). Trapping fences were installed in

2703-456: Was called Creekside. The Creekside train station was about half a mile east of the Chilsampton one. In 1956, the post office name changed to Mount Currie as did the Chilsampton station. The new name derives from the mountain, which recognizes John Currie of Pemberton . Ts̓zil is the original name for the mountain. The meadows north of the settlement were among the first privately held land on

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2756-549: Was originally used only by outsiders to describe the St'at'imcets-speaking peoples west of the Fraser, who he says had no collective name for themselves despite a common language. Download coordinates as: Indian Reserves under the administration of the Lil'wat Nation are: The people of the Lil'wat Nation at one time also lived at Pemberton Meadows , about 20 miles northwest up the Lillooet River from Pemberton, but were encouraged by

2809-493: Was the original grocery store. Down the road, Gerry Boulanger ran a taxi service to Pemberton and a small café. In the 1950s, Hector Harwood ran a small café by the railway. After the church on the reserve burned, the present St. Christopher's replaced it, being built on freehold land to serve all Catholics. Mount Currie held an annual parade and races in May. The rodeo appeared in the CBC documentary Pemberton Valley (1957). The Trap

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