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34-545: The company was established with the launch of Whats On , the first English language magazine in the Persian Gulf region . The magazine’s primary readership was budding tourists and the UAE’s expat community. Today, Motivate Media Group publishes a variety of magazines, including Emirates Woman , Gulf Business , Campaign Middle East , and Business Traveller Middle East . Motivate Media Group publishes books on topics related to

68-537: A tyranny of the majority that would ignore the less densely populated heartland and rural states in favor of the mega-cities. The President of India is indirectly elected by the Indian Electoral College consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of the states and union territories . The German Bundesversammlung has no other purpose than to elect

102-466: A dual focus on internal diversification and external stabilization. By investing in new economic sectors and pursuing diplomatic avenues for conflict resolution, these states aim to secure their futures in a post-oil era while navigating the complex dynamics of Middle Eastern politics. This strategic approach underscores the intricate link between regional stability and economic prosperity in the Gulf, highlighting

136-586: A publishing company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Emirati corporation or company article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Arab states of the Persian Gulf The Arab states of the Persian Gulf ( Arabic : دول الخليج الفارسي ) refers to a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf . There are seven member states of the Arab League in

170-459: A two-round system since 1965 . Finland had an electoral college for the country's president from 1925 to 1988 , except 1944 (exception law), 1946 ( parliament ) and 1973 (extended term by exception law). The electoral college was replaced by direct elections (consisting of two-round voting ) in 1994 . In Spain , during the Second Republic period (1931–1936–39) the president

204-564: Is popularly elected. In the United Arab Emirates , a federation of seven monarchical emirates, the Federal National Council , functions only as an advisory body, but some of its members are now chosen via a limited electoral college nominated by the seven rulers. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia remains a hereditary monarchy with limited political representation. In Qatar , an elected national parliament has been mooted and

238-407: Is the only remaining electoral college in democracies where an executive president (i.e. a head of state who is also head of government) is indirectly elected via an electoral college. The other democracies that used an electoral college for these elections switched to direct elections in the 19th or 20th century. The electoral college is argued to be fundamental to American federalism, based on

272-435: Is written into the new constitution, but elections are yet to be held. Saudi Arabia and Qatar are the two Arab states and absolute monarchies to have never held elections since their respective establishments as nations in 1932 and 1971 respectively. Iraq is the only federal republic situated in the Persian Gulf . Mass media in the seven Arab Persian gulf states have varying degrees of freedom , with Kuwait topping

306-529: The 1951 and 1954 elections. After the Revolución Libertadora the 1957 constitutional convention repealed the 1949 constitutional amendment and the electoral college was reestablished from the 1958 general election. The March 1973 and September 1973 general elections used a two-round direct election by popular vote system which was established by the outgoing military junta, which decreed in 1972 an illegal 'temporary constitutional reform' which

340-1130: The Catholic Church , the Holy See and the Vatican State , is elected by the Papal conclave consisting of all Cardinals . While the President of France is directly elected, the Senate is indirectly elected by collèges électoraux in the French regions. They consist of 150,000 delegates, known as the grands électeurs , who are mainly appointed by municipal councillors . The following examples are of electoral colleges used by democracies or dictatorships that were replaced by other mechanisms of election like direct elections during periods of democratisation . Before 1840, all presidents in Latin America were indirectly elected by legislatures or electoral colleges. Argentina had

374-597: The Federal President of Germany . It is composed half by the members of the Bundestag and half by representatives delegated by the state parliaments . The President of Italy is elected by an electoral college which comprises both chambers of the Italian Parliament meeting in joint session , combined with 58 special electors appointed by the regional councils of the 20 regions of Italy . The Pope , head of

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408-479: The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP)'s Global Peace Index of 2016, the six governments had varying degrees of success in maintaining peace amongst their respective borders with Qatar ranked number 1 amongst its regional peers as the most peaceful regional and Middle Eastern nation (and ranked 34 worldwide), while Kuwait ranks second both in the Persian Gulf and Middle East regions (and 51 worldwide), followed by

442-536: The Middle East under its Books Arabia division. The company has published books by authors including Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum , Wilfred Thesiger , Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens), and Khalaf Al Habtoor (founder and chairman of Al Habtoor Group). Motivate Val Morgan was formed in 1989, and is a joint venture between Val Morgan Cinema Network (a division of Hoyts ). It offers advertising in cinemas across

476-533: The Storting , before switching to direct elections. France had its president elected by the legislature from 1875 to 1954. The first presidential election of the Fifth Republic which elected Charles de Gaulle was the only presidential election where the winner was determined via an electoral college. The electoral college was replaced after the 1962 referendum , with direct elections by popular vote, using

510-532: The Arab Persian gulf states. The seven Arab gulf states lie in a volatile region and their seven governments, with varying degrees of success and effort, try and advance peace in their own countries and other countries. However, Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region—specifically Qatar—stand accused of funding militant Islamist organizations , such as Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood . According to

544-568: The Regional Councils were elected until 2009 by provincial electoral colleges composed with communal councillors of local governments in each province ; since 2013 the regional councillors are elected by popular vote. Uruguay had until 1918 one electoral college for every department , each one of them had 15 members and elected the senator that would represent that department in the upper chamber of parliament. Norway , from 1814-1905, used regional electoral colleges to elect legislators to

578-500: The UAE in the third spot (61 worldwide). Most of these Arab states have significant revenues from petroleum . The United Arab Emirates has been successfully diversifying its economy . 79% of UAE's total GDP comes from non-oil sectors. Oil accounts for only 2% of Dubai's GDP. Bahrain has the Persian Gulf's first "post-oil" economy because the Bahraini economy does not rely on oil. Since

612-633: The UAE, Lebanon , Oman , Egypt and Saudi Arabia (through MUVI Cinemas ). Motivate VAMP (which is a regional partnership of Vamp Brands) helps put advertising clients in touch with social media influencers . Motivate Media Group also hosts the Dubai Lynx International Advertising Festival and Awards, an advertising and marketing event held in partnership with the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival . This article about

646-648: The United Arab Emirates. In modern history, various former British Empire protectorates , including the Trucial States were Arab states along the Persian Gulf . Some of the Persian gulf states are constitutional monarchies with elected parliaments. Bahrain ( Majlis al Watani ) and Kuwait ( Majlis al Ummah ) have legislatures with members elected by the population. The Sultanate of Oman also has an advisory council ( Majlis ash-Shura ) that

680-404: The cities. The electoral college was replaced with a two-round system direct election in 1989 , after the end of the military dictatorship and the establishment of a new constitution in 1988 leading to the restoration of democracy. Colombia used an electoral college which was eliminated in 1910. Paraguay had an electoral college that was established by the 1870 Constitution , which

714-515: The importance of continued efforts towards peace and cooperation in the Middle East. Electoral college An electoral college is a body whose task is to elect a candidate to a particular office. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government , and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber , in a democracy . Its members, called electors , are either elected by

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748-465: The late 20th century, Bahrain has heavily invested in the banking and tourism sectors. The country's capital, Manama , is home to many large financial structures. The UAE and Bahrain have a high Human Development Index (ranking 31 and 42 worldwide respectively in 2019) and was recognised by the World Bank as high income economies . According to the World Bank , most of these Arab states have been

782-453: The league with a lively press that enjoys considerably more freedom than its gulf counterparts according to Freedom House and Reporters Without Borders . Both organizations rank Kuwait's press as the freest of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf . Kuwait ranks amongst the top three for free press in the Arab world. Qatar and Oman come in second and third respectively within the regional ranks of

816-578: The longest lasting electoral college in South America, used to elect its president and vice president, and national senators starting with the 1853 Constitution and lasting mostly until the 1994 constitutional amendment . There were a few exceptions, due to political instability in the 20th century , in which non-lasting reforms removed or suspended the electoral college. For example, the 1949 peronist amendment promoted by President Juan Perón which replaced it with direct elections by popular vote used in

850-479: The notion that it requires candidates for President to appeal to voters in all states, or a substantial portion of states, rather than only those with large population which might hold greater power in elections based on simple majority. Federalist No. 68 , probably written by Alexander Hamilton , argued in favor of the Electoral College by stating: Another argument states that the Electoral College prevents

884-577: The people for this purpose (making the whole process an indirect election ) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations. If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament , elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system ). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany ) normally do not fall into this definition. The United States Electoral College

918-518: The region: Bahrain , Kuwait , Iraq , Oman , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , and the United Arab Emirates . Yemen is bound to the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council , based on history and culture . The term has been used in different contexts to refer to a number of Arab states in the Persian Gulf region. The prominent regional political union Gulf Cooperation Council includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and

952-673: The similar function of electoral college except it had the power to amend the Constitution . The People's Republic of China in the mainland today elects both the President and the Premier by the National People's Congress every five years similar to the National Assembly. During South Korea 's dictatorships of the Fourth and Fifth Republics from 1972 until 1981 , the president

986-581: The world's most generous donors of aid as a share of GDP. The persistent instability in the Middle East, particularly the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Israel, poses a considerable threat to the Gulf Cooperation Council states' economic ambitions. Regional stability is paramount for these nations to achieve their goals, as it directly impacts the investment climate and their capacity to engage in global trade and tourism. The Gulf states' economic and political strategies are thus characterized by

1020-454: Was appointed by all the members of the House of Assembly of South Africa and the Senate of South Africa . After the adoption of the 1983 Constitution , the new House of Assembly , House of Representatives , and House of Delegates would designate 50, 25, and 13 of their members to the electoral college respectively. The electoral college would disappear along with the apartheid government, with

1054-551: Was elected by an electoral college until democratization resulted in direct elections starting in 1987 . Additionally, during the Fourth Republic, one-third of members of the National Assembly were nominally elected by the same electoral college which elected the president, though in practice they were appointed by the president. In apartheid -era South Africa from 1961 to 1983, the state president of South Africa

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1088-592: Was elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament members and an equal number of democratically elected members ("compromisarios"). The Holy Roman Empire also had an electoral college to choose its ruler. The President of the Republic of China was elected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China from 1948 until 1996 when democratization resulted in direct elections. The National Assembly had

1122-566: Was supposed to be later ratified by an elected constitutional convetion which never happened and therefore expired.The elections between 1983 and 1993 used again the electoral college. The constitution was then amended by a wide consensus for the last time in 1994 and the electoral college was finally replaced with a modified two-round direct elections by popular vote system in use since 1995 . Brazil 's military dictatorship chose its president by an electoral college starting in 1964 comprising senators, deputies, state deputies, and lawmakers in

1156-450: Was used to elect its president. The constitution was replaced in 1940 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote since 1943. Chile had an electoral college established by the 1828 Constitution , which was used to elect its president in the elections from 1829 to 1920 . The constitution was amended in 1925 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote since 1925 . Also,

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