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38-730: Moti Magri ("Pearl hill") is a hill in India. It overlooks the Fateh Sagar Lake in the city of Udaipur , Rajasthan . Atop the Moti Magri or Pearl Hill is the memorial of the Rajput hero Maharana Pratap , which has a bronze statue of the Maharana astride his favourite horse " Chetak ". It is located near the Fateh Sagar Lake on a small hillock. Maharana Pratap Memorial was initiated in theby Pratap Sabha Maharana Bhupal Singh of Mewar and completed with

76-550: Is a popular tourist attraction, the second island (0.06 km or 15 acres area) houses a public park with an impressive water-jet fountain, and the third island (1.2 km area) is the address for the Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO). The Nehru park is accessible by inboard motor boats. The blue waters of the lake and the backdrop of the green mountains has given the soubriquet "the second Kashmir" to Udaipur . Udaipur Lake Conservation Society's reports indicate that

114-405: Is better measured in transport than at the source. The sediment transport in open water is estimated by measuring the turbidity , correlating turbidity to sediment concentration (using a regression developed from water samples that are filtered, dried, and weighed), multiplying the concentration with the discharge as above, and integrating over the entire plume. To distinguish the spill contribution,

152-424: Is considered the potential impact area. In the open sea, the impact of concern is almost exclusively with the sessile bottom communities since empirical data show that fish effectively avoid the impacted area. The siltation affects the bottom community in two main ways. The suspended sediment may interfere with the food gathering of filtering organisms, and the sediment accumulation on the bottom may bury organisms to

190-636: Is now the second major source of drinking water to the city of Udaipur and the irrigation supplies have been discontinued. A canal from the Rang Sagar Lake connects to the Fateh Sagar Lake. A gate controlled canal further connects Fateh Sagar Lake with Lake Pichhola. The Northeastern embankment is known by three names viz., the Pal, the Drive, or Connaught Bund (bund means embankment). During drought conditions, when

228-460: Is perhaps beach nourishment . When sediments are placed on or near beaches in order to replenish an eroding beach, any fines in the material will continue to be washed out for as long as the sand is being reworked. Since all replenished beaches are eroding or they would not need replenishment, they will contribute to nearshore siltation almost for as long as it takes to erode away what was added, albeit with somewhat decreasing intensity over time. Since

266-399: Is reported to be a maximum of 864.9 grams per square metre [g/m ] (0.1771 lb/sq ft) on the surface of the lake, with a minimum of 329 g/m at the bottom. The biomass recorded due to plankton is reported to be at maximum during January, as 67 milligrams per litre [mg/L] (2.4 × 10  lb/cu in) at the surface and 23 g/L at the bottom of the lake. It is a low of 16 g/L at

304-423: Is the septage and other sewage sludges that are discharged from households or business establishments with no septic tanks or wastewater treatment facilities to bodies of water. While the sediment in transport is in suspension , it acts as a pollutant for those who require clean water, such as for cooling or in industrial processes, and it includes aquatic life that are sensitive to suspended material in

342-482: The "Connaught Dam" on Lake Dewali to mark the visit of Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria. The dam enlarged the lake, and it was later renamed Fateh Sagar Lake. The runoff emerging from surrounding hills drains into this lake. The lake is pear-shaped and is encircled by the Aravalli hills on three sides with a straight gravity stone masonry dam on the eastern side which has a spillway to discharge flood flows during

380-716: The 1680s. It is one of the four lakes of the Udaipur city; the other three being: the Lake Pichola (within the Udaipur town), Udai Sagar Lake, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) to the east of Udaipur, and Dhebar Lake or Jaisamand Lake, 52 km (32 mi) south east of Udaipur. Within the confines of the Fatah Sagar Lake, there are three small islands; the largest of these is the Nehru Park (4 km (1.5 sq mi) area), which

418-535: The Fatehsagar Paal, showcases over 200 species of fishes brought from 16 countries across the world. It was inaugurated on 21 October 2017. The Mahakaleshwar Temple , one of the most famous temples in Udaipur, sits on the banks of the Fateh Sagar Lake. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, and according to many devotees Guru Gorakhnath worshipped at this site. Fateh Sagar is popular destination for organising various national and international events. Recently, it

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456-630: The High Court Government of India , under its National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) of the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoE&F), has sanctioned in June 2008, projects for development of Fatah Sagar Lake in Udaipur at a cost of about US$ 10 million (Rs 42 crore) with central government sharing 70% of the costs and the balance 30% by the State government. This programme of NLCP envisages desilting of

494-481: The affected area. Source measurements of erosion may be very difficult since the lost material may be a fraction of a millimeter per year. Therefore, the approach taken is typically to measure the sediment in transport in the stream, by measuring the sediment concentration and multiplying that with the discharge ; for example, 50 mg/L (1.8 × 10  lb/cu in) times 30 m /s (1,100 cu ft/s) gives 1.5 kg/s (200 lb/min). Also, sediment spill

532-402: The background turbidity is subtracted from the spill plume turbidity. Since the spill plume in open water varies in space and time, an integration over the entire plume is required, and repeated many times to get acceptably low uncertainty in the results. The measurements are made close to the source, in the order of a few hundred meters. Anything beyond a work area buffer zone for sediment spill

570-573: The bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles. Although "siltation" is not perfectly stringent, since it also includes particle sizes other than silt, it is preferred for its lack of ambiguity. The origin of the increased sediment transport into an area may be erosion on land or activities in the water. In rural areas, the erosion source is typically soil degradation by intensive or inadequate agricultural practices, leading to soil erosion , especially in fine-grained soils such as loess . The result will be an increased amount of silt and clay in

608-402: The deposition of dredged material in or near water. Such deposition may be made to get rid of unwanted material, such as the offshore dumping of material dredged from harbours and navigation channels. The deposition may also be to build up the coastline, for artificial islands , or for beach replenishment . Climate change also affects siltation rates. Another important cause of siltation

646-577: The eastern side route to get a picturesque view of the lake, and the Aravali Hills surrounding it. Tongas (horse driven two wheelers), auto-rickshaws and taxis can be hired to reach the lake as well. Every year a festival called the Hariyali Amavasya Mela (Green New Moon Fair) is organised at the lake precincts, in the month of Shravan (August/September). Fateh Sagar also houses an aquarium known as 'Under The Sun'. This aquarium, built under

684-409: The first place. The second line of defense is to trap the material before it reaches the stream network (known as sediment control ). In urban areas, the defenses are to keep land uncovered for as short a time as possible during construction and to use silt screens to prevent the sediment from getting released in water bodies. During dredging, the spill can be minimized but not eliminated completely by

722-660: The form of creating Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) for the lakes, etc. It has appealed in the Rajasthan High Court, through Public Interest Litigations, seeking court's intervention on several issues concerning restoration of small lakes, land acquisition up to the High Flood Level (HFL) of the Lakes, Constitution of the Lake Development Authority (LDA) for Udaipur Lakes, etc. which are reported to have been upheld by

760-594: The government agencies to take up several restoration schemes on the lakes of Udaipur, including Fatah Sagar Lake, some of which are reported to have been acted upon by the Rajasthan Government. The restoration works pursued are Limnological Conservation Works (introducing new varieties of fish species), Ecological Conservation Works (catchment area treatment), Hyacinth removal (through bio-control), lining of unlined canal from Moti Magri Hill to Fatah Sagar Lake, construction of sewage lines, institutional development in

798-450: The help of a public trust. This article related to Rajasthan is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fateh Sagar Lake Fateh Sagar Lake is situated in the city of Udaipur in the Indian state of Rajasthan . It is an artificial lake named after Maharana Fateh Singh of Udaipur and Mewar , constructed north-west of Udaipur, to the north of Lake Pichola in

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836-418: The lake and improve its water quantity was undertaken by local citizen groups and environmental conservation organizations. The shallow part of the lake was desilted through voluntary labour in the early 1970s. Udaipur Lake Conservation Society, a Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) set up in 1992, has independently carried out studies of the problems of the lakes of Udaipur and has been continuously pressurising

874-417: The lake area, installation of a sewage treatment plant, beautification of the adjacent area and installation of fountains, with a completion schedule of 18 months. A winding road with a peripheral protection stone wall on the lake side exists on the eastern shore of the lake. The entire circumference of the lake could be covered by road via Moti Magri Road, Fatah Sagar Drive, Rani Road and the winding road on

912-466: The lake has also degraded water quality, which is a risk to public health of the people who are dependent on the lake for their water supply requirements. Siltation has caused reduction of storage capacity. Increase in nutrient level is also taking place on account of leaching from agricultural activity in the marginal agricultural lands around the lake periphery. These are some of the reasons attributed for lake degradation. The Udaipur city, set around

950-401: The lake supports and sustains ground water recharge, drinking water, agricultural use, industrial use, ecological water availability and provides employment to 60% population of Udaipur. In 1687, Maharana Jai Singh first constructed the lake but two hundred years later the earthen bund which formed the lake was washed away during floods, and thereafter Maharana Fateh Singh , in 1889, built

988-469: The lakes, with its numerous hotels catering to the large influx of tourists and a large number of residential complexes on the slopes of the lake, also add pollutants to the lake. Within the lake water, the flora recorded consists of the following. Macrophytes that have merged in the lake, floating macrophytes, the submerged macrophytes and the Phytoplankton. The Biomass production due to macrophytes

1026-412: The leakage is detrimental to coral reefs, the practice leads to a direct conflict between the public interest of saving beaches, and preserving any nearshore coral reefs. To minimize the conflict, beach replenishment should not be done with sand containing any silt or clay fractions. In practice the sand is often taken from offshore areas, and since the proportion of fines in sediments typically increases in

1064-416: The monsoon season. Three causeways, one from Pichola Lake, the other from Madar Lake and the third one from Badi Lake lead to the Fateh Sagar Lake. There are three inlet channels, which feed the lake and an overflow section on the eastern side in the masonry dam of 800 metres (2,600 ft) length. Monsoon rains are the main source of all water to the lake. Initially constructed as an irrigation scheme, it

1102-414: The offshore direction, the deposited sand will inevitably contain a significant percentage of siltation-contributing fines. It is desirable to minimize the siltation of irrigation channels by hydrologic design, the objective being not to create zones with falling sediment transport capacity, as that is conducive to sedimentation. Once sedimentation has occurred, in irrigation or navigation channels, dredging

1140-406: The point that they starve or even die. It is only if the concentration is extreme that it decreases the light level sufficiently for impacting primary productivity. An accumulation of as little as 1 mm (0.039 in) may kill coral polyps. While the effect of the siltation on the biota (once the harm is already done) can be studied by repeated inspection of selected test plots, the magnitude of

1178-425: The rainfall is meager, water storage in the lake is insufficient to meet the needs. To prevent loss of water due to evaporation, cetyl alcohol (hexadecanol) is sprayed over the lake surface. Some of the water quality parameters reported relate to: Eutrophication has occurred in the lake due to algal bloom ; the dominant species causing this are algae: Microcystis sp and submerged macrophytes. Urbanisation around

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1216-424: The sea, in a stream, the plume will cover the entire channel, except possibly for backwaters, and so fish will also be directly affected in most cases. Siltation can also affect navigation channels or irrigation channels. It refers to the undesired accumulation of sediments in channels intended for vessels or for distributing water. One may distinguish between measurements at the source, during transport, and within

1254-430: The siltation process in the impact area may be measured directly by monitoring in real time. Parameters to measure are sediment accumulation, turbidity at the level of the filtering biota, and optionally incident light. Siltation of the magnitude that it affects shipping can also be monitored by repeated bathymetric surveys. In rural areas, the first line of defense is to maintain land cover and prevent soil erosion in

1292-571: The surface and 1 at the bottom during July, during the rainy season. The lake's surroundings have sparse vegetation cover; however, several species of plants are found along the roads and the hills in the lake basin. The fauna recorded in the lake are the Zooplankton , Benthos and Fish . The economically important fishes reported are: C. punctatus, C. reba, Catla catla, L. calbasu, Channa marulius, Cirrhina mrigala, L. gonius, Labeo rohita, Tor khudree, and Wallago attu. The first effort to desilt

1330-415: The water bodies that drain the area. In urban areas, the erosion source is typically construction activities, which involve clearing the original land-covering vegetation and temporarily creating something akin to an urban desert from which fines are easily washed out during rainstorms. In water, the main pollution source is sediment spill from dredging , the transportation of dredged material on barges, and

1368-425: The water. While nekton have been found to avoid spill plumes in the water (e.g. the environmental monitoring project during the building of the Øresund Bridge ), filtering benthic organisms have no way of escape. Among the most sensitive organisms are coral polyps. Generally speaking, hard bottom communities and mussel banks (including oysters) are more sensitive to siltation than sand and mud bottoms. Unlike in

1406-435: The way the dredger is designed and operated. If the material is deposited on land, efficient sedimentation basins can be constructed. If it is dumped into relatively deep water, there will be a significant spill during dumping but not thereafter, and the spill that arises has minimal impact if there are only fine-sediment bottoms nearby. One of the most difficult conflicts of interest to resolve, as regards siltation mitigation,

1444-438: Was a venue for the first edition of India's first World Music Festival , a two-day festival held on 13 and 14 February. Performances were made by artists and musicians from more than 12 countries, including Spain, Ghana, Venezuela, Italy, France as well as India. Siltation It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term " sediment pollution ", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on

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